1、Part Grammar虚拟语气()思维导图虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是客观存在的事实，而是一种愿望、怀疑、假设或推测，它通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。1.条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟条件句分为三类：与现在事实相反的情况；与过去事实相反的情况；与将来事实相反的情况。构成如下：假设情况条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反过去式(be的过去式常用were)would/should/might/could动词原形与将来事实相反过去式should动词原形were to动词原形would/should/might/could动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成式(had过去分词)would/should
2、/might/couldhave过去分词If he had time now，he would(could，might)go with you.要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would(could，might) have met the famous singer.如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)If it were to snow this evening，they would not go out.如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)名师
3、点津含有条件状语从句中的虚拟语气使用时要注意以下几点：(1)主句中的should只用于第一人称I和we，但在美式英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。(2)在虚拟语气的从句中，动词“be”的过去时态常用“were”，非正式文体中单数第三人称也可用was。但If I were you.句式中， 不用was。(3)虚拟条件句中有were，had，should时，可把if省略，而把were，had，should放在主语前，用倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。Were they her
4、e now，they could help us.If they were here now，they could help us.要是他们现在在这儿的话，就会帮助我们了。Should it rain，the crops would be saved.If it should rain，the crops would be saved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气主句从句谓语形式意义例句I wish过去式(be用were)从句与现在事实相反I wish I were ten years younger.但愿我能年轻10岁。could/would动词原形从句与将来事实相反I
5、wish I could fly to the moon some day.如果有一天我能飞到月球上就好了。过去完成时从句与过去事实相反I wish I had met that film star yesterday.我真希望昨天见到了那位电影明星。I would rather过去时(be用were)从句与现在事实相反Id rather we had a rest now.我希望我们现在休息一下。过去时(be用were)从句与将来事实相反Id rather you came tomorrow than today.我宁愿你明天来，而不是今天。过去完成时从句与过去事实相反Id rather t
6、hey hadnt dropped out of school.我真希望他们没有辍学。I insist/demand/ require/ request/propose/suggest/command/order.(should)动词原形表示“建议、命令、要求”等，从句与将来事实相反。My father suggested that I (should) take enough sleep before the final examination.爸爸建议我期末考试前睡眠要充足。名师点津表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的从句中用 “should动词原形”构成虚拟语气，其中 “should”
7、可以省略。这类动词可以速记为：一坚持(insist)；二命令(command，order)；三建议(advise，suggest，propose)；四要求(request，require，demand，desire)I insisted that we (should) tell this to her.我坚持要求我们该把这事告诉她。The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。He ordered that the students (should) wash the
8、 clothes every week by themselves.他要求学生们每周都要自己洗衣服。.用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week？If you had told(tell) me，I could have helped.(2016北京，34)2.I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one，I would have been injured(injure).(2016天津，15)3.I would rather he had stay
9、ed(stay) at home yesterday.4.I wish he visited(visit) us now.5.Were(be) it to rain，the crops would be saved.6.He did not come(not come) yesterday，otherwise you would have seen him.7.The doctor advised that he (should) go(go) to the seaside.8.The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied(sati
10、sfy) with our work.9.The old man insisted that he had never seen(see) the young player.10.If I were(be) you，I should tell him the truth.用虚拟语气改写句子1.She was given enough money.She bought the book.If she had not been given enough money，she wouldnt have bought the book.2.He wants to come to the party，bu
11、t he cant because he has to work.He would come to the party if he didnt have to work.3.Li Ping is easygoing，so she has a number of friends.If she were not easygoing，Li Ping wouldnt have a number of friends.4.He was not familiar with software，so he was fired by his boss.If he had been familiar with s
12、oftware，he wouldnt have been fired by his boss.5.We know little about the disease，so we are not able to treat the patients effectively.If we knew more about the disease，we would be able to treat the patients effectively.6.Tom didnt work hard and he failed the exam.Had Tom worked hard，he would have passed the exam.7.Had I persuaded him not to do so，he wouldnt have made such a serious mistake.If I had persuaded him not to do so，he wouldnt have made such a serious mistake.8.If I were you，I would give it up.Were I you，I would give it up.
