1、十年（20102020）高考英语真题分项详解34书面表达概要写作1.（2019年9月，浙江高考）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “Weve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving
2、 kids a lot of praise, parents think theyre building their childrens confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way thats insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their
3、parents praise has put them.Still, dont go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like theyre not good enough or that you dont care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the
4、right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our childrens effor
5、ts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that its the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team
6、. But if hes out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it
7、 is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it._【答案】Parents tend to go to extremes when it comes to praising their kids. (要点一) Yet, both too much and too little praise can be equally damaging. (要点二) When giving praise,
8、 parents should be sincere and concentrate on the process instead of the result. (要点三) Similarly, they ought to give praise for how much effort their kids have invested in the work theyre involved in. (要点四)【解析】本次浙江高考书面表达采用了概要写作题型。概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁，考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他人的信息在理解的基础上进行概括表达的能力。选材上，提供一篇
9、350词以内的短文，题材不限，要求考生写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。【详解】完成一篇概要写作，需要经过三个步骤，1. 读懂原文，抓住段落主题句。在阅读过程中，需要准确把握文章的段落大意，学会剔除非重要信息，弄清楚不同体裁的文章的内部逻辑关系以及文章的篇章结构。2. 组织语言，转换表达。在找到主题句明确全文中心的基础上，组织好语言，注重语言表达的独立性和准确性以及高级性，不全盘照抄原文句子，尽量用自己的语言转换表达，同时要注意篇幅的比例安排，用较多的文字去表达重要的内容。3. 通读全文，逻辑连贯。要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。2.（2018年11月，浙江高考
10、）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校园) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, clas
11、srooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision a
12、bout the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.Theres no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country tha
13、t wont be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!If campus visits arent going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools youd like to attend. It can save you a lot of hea
14、rtache if you rule out now the things that you dont like about certain campuses, things that you wouldnt know unless you actually visit.Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. Its a chance to chat online with admissions officers, s
15、tudents, and college counselors (顾问), and it wont cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at . While visiting an online college fair cant take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an inform
16、ed decision about which colleges or universities youd like to attend._【答案】Its really worthwhile to pay a visit to their desired colleges personally before applying. Undoubtedly, students should visit their local colleges, which may be included in applications. At least, they should visit the school
17、and figure out its real conditions in advance. For students who are short of money and time, registering for the online college fair is a good alternative to help them better understand schools.【解析】本文要求阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要，即用尽可能少的词汇集中展现原材料的主要思想和观点。这主要是考查学生把握文章主旨大意和段落大意的能力以及总结概括能力，熟练掌握从句、非谓语动词等语法知
18、识和遣词造句的能力。【详解】1. 要先读懂、读透原作。这是准确再现原文、写好概要的前提。动笔前多读两遍原文，直至弄懂读透。2. 抓住文中的关键句，确定写作主题。开头Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply点明了本文主题；But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the r
19、ight one. Theres no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.说明了去大学看看的必要性和可行性；If campus visits arent going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools youd like to attend.在时间上提供了更多选择；if ti
20、me and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.为不能亲自去大学看的学生提供了另外一种方法。3.拟好提纲。有了提纲，写概要时就会有章法，也不会遗漏原作中的要点。4.快速成文，反复推敲。按照文章要求和拟好的提纲一气呵成，写完初稿。5.对照修改润色，再读原文，查看是否漏掉了重要信息或主要内容。用词是否恰当，可有可无的删掉。注意词类、时态、语态的适当调整。【点睛】范文观点明确，重点突出，语言简练，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如定语从句w
21、hich may be included in applications.和who are short of money and time.动名词registering online作主语，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。附：浙江省名校新高考研究联盟2020届第一次联考阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, todays stars, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us can imagin
22、e. They are at the center of much of the worlds attention. Paparazzi(狗仔队)camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids(小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives. Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature. According to the
23、psychologists, celebrities(名人)worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing themselves the way fans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names. Over time, they feel separated and alone. The phenomen
24、on of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century B C, painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him t
25、o complain about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do. Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photogr
26、aphers with modern cameras. When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their story alive forever. If fame is so troublesome, why arent all celebrities running away from it? The answer is there are still ways to deal w
27、ith it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities. They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place. With these effective approaches, some celebr
28、ities relieve the stress and remain popular with fans. Consequently, though being famous is driving some stars crazy, some wise ones enjoy what reputation brings them.【写作指导】本文为说明文。文章告诉我们，虽然成名听起来像是梦想成真，但今天的明星们，感觉自己就像动物园里的动物，面临着我们很少人能想象的压力，因为他们是世界关注的焦点。名人经常担心他们的公开露面，随着时间的推移，他们感到分离和孤独。追踪名人的现象由来已久，然而如今成
29、为公众人物比过去困难得多。超级明星的一举一动都离不开现代相机摄影师的关注。如果名声是如此的麻烦，为什么不是所有的名人都在逃避它呢?答案是，仍然有办法解决这个问题。因此，虽然成名会让一些明星发疯，但一些明智的人却享受声誉带给他们的东西。文章中的主题词（句）依次为：第一段：face pressures /at the center of much of the worlds attention. 第二段：worry constantly about their public appearance /feel separated and alone第三段：The phenomenon of trac
30、king celebrities has been around for ages / the same way that modern tabloids and websites do第四段：Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be. 第五段：there are still ways to deal with it /some wise ones enjoy what reputation brings them【参考范文】Living in the public gaze
31、, stars suffer from great pressure.（要点 1）Whats worse, anxiety over their public appearance robs them of the objective self-image, which leads to the feeling of isolation in the long term. （要点 2） Though being tracked has been a headache to celebrities for centuries, modern cameras and the Internet ma
32、ke it harder to be famous nowadays. （要点 3、4） However, by dealing with the stress wisely, stars still can stay popular and happy. （要点 5）(77 words)【范文点评】 范文通过词汇与句法关系的转换等手段，将各段的主题词及要点巧妙第整合在一起，突出了文章的主题与目的。范文衔接词的使用得当，确保了文章意义的连贯。范文有如下亮点：1.同义词替换。例如，要点1用“suffer from great pressure”替换了原文中的“face pressure”。2.各类从句让句子关系更加流畅。例如，要点2使用了定语从句，要点3、4使用了让步状语从句，这些从句让各个要点表述的中心更加突出。3.衔接词确保了概要的意义连贯。范文使用了Whats worse, Though,However等衔接方式，让概要语篇结构紧凑，表述更加连贯。
