1、湖南省邵阳市四中2007届专题突破（信息填空）1Different countries and different people have different manners . We must find out their customs , so that they will not think us ill-manners . Here are examples of the things that a well- educated person does or does not do . If you visit a Chinese family you should knock at
2、 the door first . When the door opens , you will not move before the host says “Come in, please .” After you enter the room , you should not sit down until the host asks you to take a seat . When a cup of tea is put on a tea table before you or sent to your hand , you will say , “Thank you .” And re
3、ceive it with two hands , not one hand , or they will think you are ill-mannered . Before entering a house in Japan , it is good manners to take off your shoes . In European countries , even though shoes sometimes become very dirty , this is not done . In a Malay house , a guest never finishes the f
4、ood on the table . He leaves a little to show that he has had enough . In England , a guest always finishes a drink or the food to show that he had enjoyed it . This will make the host , especially the hostess pleasant . Countries Good manners Ill-manners China Knock at the door Not ChinaNot sit bef
5、ore asked Sit 76_Receive something 77_78_79_Before you enter a house , 80_ you shoes 81.Not _European countries Not take off even dirty 82_83_ showing you have had enough84_85_Finish food 76. China 77. with two hands 78. with one hand 79. Japan 80. take off 81. take off shoes 82. Malaysia 83. leave
6、a little 84. not leave /not 85. England 2In towns ,there were few bus shelters until about thirty years ago .Since then they have appeared everywhere ,probably because most people no longer wear the kinds of clothes that protect them from the wind ,cold and rain .Country bus shelters have been with
7、us for a good deal longer .Before the Second world War, many of them were paid for by rich local people ,often in memory of a member of their family .Some were well built and very attractive ,to fit in with the surroundings.By the 1870s public lavatories（厕所）were being installed （设置）all over Britain.
8、 Many of them , for gentlemen only ,were made of iron ,highly decorated and often in the shape of Indian or Greek temples .A little later ,in the 1880s ,more solid structures of brick or stone were being built ,with rooms for ladies and gentlemen. Some of these looked like cottages or medieval（中世纪）c
9、astles.Public drinking fountains are to be found everywhere . Most of them were built in the nineteenth century and some are very grand .The old type of drinking fountain was not very hygienic（卫生的）.It usually had an iron drinking cup ,fixed to a chain ,and everyone used it .Firstly ,they provided pe
10、ople with pure water to drink ,at a time when much of the drinking water available ,especially from wells and pumps ,was dangerous to health .Secondly ,they were memorials to local residents .Finally ,they were intended to persuade people to drink water ,instead of beer or spirits.Establishments（公共设
11、施） in Britain Establishments76-78Public lavatories83Why were they built ?protect people79provide people with clean waterWhen were the first ones built?before the Second World War8184What were they made of？ 82what do they 77 ？80Indian or Greek temples, cottages, castles 8576Questions 77Look like? 78B
12、us shelters 79from bad weather 80Attractive81in the 1870s 82iron, brick, stone 83Drinking fountains 84nineteenth century85very grand3Most Americans have a city they like best. Over the years, American songwriters have described these feelings in music. More songs have been written about Americas big
13、gest city, New York, than about any other city. Many others dream about leaving their small towns to go there. They want to become rich and famous. Frank Sinatra sings about this dream in the most popular song written about New York. Almost three-million people live in the middle western city of Chi
14、cago, Illinois. It is now Americas third largest city. It used to be the second largest city. So, of course, it needed its own song. Judy Garland sings the song, Chicago, Chicago. One of Americas most exciting cities is Las Vegas, Nevada. In nineteen-sixty-four, Elvis Presley starred in a movie call
15、ed Viva Las Vegas. Here is the song from that movie. It is sung by the group Z-Z Top. As we all know, one of the most beautiful cities in America is San Francisco, California. The most popular song about the city is called I Left My Heart in San Francisco. Tony Bennett recorded it in nineteen-sixty-
16、two. It sold more than three-million records. Many people love Los Angeles, California. It is now Americas second largest city. Los Angeles is popular because the weather is warm and the sun shines almost all the time. Randy Newman sings about his feelings for the city in the song, I Love L.A. Not e
17、veryone, however, loves Los Angeles. Some people do not like all the big roads around the city. They like living in a smaller place. A place like San Jose, California. Dionne Warwick sings about going back to this city. The song is, Do You Know The Way To San Jose.Songs about American CitiesStates76
18、._Features SongsSongwriters/ BandNew YorkAmericas biggest cityA song about New York78._IllinoisChicago,79. Americas _ cityChicago, ChicagoJudy Garland77._80._Americas second largest city81._Randy NewmanSan Francisco82._I Left My Heart in San Francisco.83._84._smallDo You Know The Way To San JoseDion
19、ne WarwickNevadaLas Vegasexciting A song from Viva Las Vegas.85. the group _76. Cities 77. California 78. Frank Sinatra 79. third largest. 80. Los Angeles81. I Love L.A” 82. beautiful 83. Tony Bennett 84. San Jose 85. Z-Z Top4“Trick or treat, trick or treat! Give me something good to eat!” It is Hal
20、loween! Kids dressed in costumes, neighbors giving out candy! It is just an amazing holiday! This year I decided to be a black cat.The black cat is a sign of bad luck, but is also a sign of Halloween. Halloween began in the Mediaeval-years. A festival was celebrated in Rome and people walked in para
21、des with masks and costumes. The people carved faces into pumpkins and lit them with a candle inside. These were thought of as to ward off all the evil and bad spirits. That is why people sell pumpkins everywhere during the Halloween season. Soon after the name of this festival evolved into what we
22、call present day-Halloween!Every year in New York City, there is a huge parade, there are floats and people walk around in costumes. Some are animal featured, some are scary and spooky like the skeleton and some are funny like the clown. It is very fun!Some people have Halloween parties. Stores sell
23、 a variety of costumes; the most popular costumes are the witch, the ghost, many from the old movies. Many stores sell decorating accessories(附属品) like fake spider webs, real pumpkins and plastic ghosts. So, if you are a Halloween lover, you can turn your home into a haunted house! That is absolutel
24、y cool!Halloween76. Time and placeForms for celebration77. 78. a sign of badluckHalloween beganin the mediaeval-years79. Some areanimal featuredKids dressedin costumes80. Stores sell a variety of costumesa sign of HalloweenEvery year inNew York81. Some are scaryand spooky likethe skeletonNeighborsgi
25、ving outcandy82. 83. 84. 85. 76. Black cat 77. Making-ups 78.Ways of perform 79. Halloween parties 80. celebrated in Rome81. a huge parade82. some funny clowns 83.carved pumpkins 84. selling pumpkins 85. selling decorating accessories5New Year traditions all around the world“Happy New Year!” Everyon
26、e will greet each other with these words as they meet each other over the next couple of weeks. But it wasnt always January 1 that marked the New Year.At least 4,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians marked the changing of the year. In Egypt, the year started when the Nile River flood
27、ed, enriching farmers fields. This happened at the end of September. The Babylonians held a festival in the spring, on March 23, to kick off the next farming cycle. The Babylonian celebration lasted for 11 days.The date January 1 was picked by the Roman Emperor Julius Caesar as the change of the yea
28、r when he established his own calendar in 46 BC. The month of January originates from the Roman god, Janus. He is pictured with two heads. One head looks forward and the other back. They represent a break between the old and new. The new calendar was in time with the sun and it has been used until t
29、he present day.In Vietnam, the New Year holiday happens in February. They buy fresh flowers and a peach blossom to put in their house, following the Vietnamese custom.Thailand has its specific New Years date; its different from the normal calendar. The Thai New Year is celebrated on April 13. On thi
30、s day, Thai people play with water, throwing it on each other. It is intended to bring good luck during the New Year ahead.In China, the more favorable New Year is usually celebrated in February according to lunar calendar (阴历). On New Years Eve, all family members sit together at table, enjoying lo
31、ts of auspicious foods such as dumplings, chicken to bring good luck.New Year traditions all around the worldCountries79. _Origins or activitiesMeanings or reasons76. _the end of Septemberthe Nile River flood84. _Babylon80. _82. _kick off the next farming cycle77. _January 1roman god, Janus85. _Thai
32、land81. _throwing water on each otherbring good luck78. _Februarybuying fresh flowers and a peach blossomfollow the customChinaFebruary83. _bring good luck76. Egypt 77. Rome 78. Vietnam 79. Dates 80. March 23 81. April 13 82. holding a festival 83. enjoying auspicious food 84. enrich farmers fields
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38、for 12.5.Names of the magazines76. _PriceApollo77. _5 each.78._79. _15.55New Internationalist80. _81. _82._weekly summary83. _84._85. _12.576. Subjects 77.arts 78. The Guardian Weekly 79. news 80. weekly summery 81. Not mentioned 82. The Week 83.13.75 84. London Weekly 85. London news7Many animal an
39、d plant species have become extinct (灭绝的 ) and many more are in critical danger. Dodo The Dodo is a classic example of how human caused damage to the earth biology. The flightless Dodo was native to the Island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. The easily controlled bird became a source of food for s
40、ailors and was attacked by animals introduced to the island by human such as pigs, monkeys and rats. The population of Dodos rapidly decreased and the last one was killed in 1681. Rhinos The Rhino (犀牛) horn is a highly priced item for Asian medicine. This has led to the animal being hunted in its na
41、tural habitat. Once widespread in Africa and Eurasia, most Rhinos now live in protected natural parks and reserves (保护区). Their numbers have rapidly decreased in the last 50 years, and the animals remain under constant threat from poachers (偷猎者). The Giant Panda The future of the Giant Panda is far
42、from certain. As far as 1000 remain in the wild. The Chinese government has set up 33 panda reserves to protect these beautiful animals. However, the pandas black and white patched coat fetches a high price on the black market and determined poachers still pose (造成) one of the most serious threats t
43、o the animals continued existence. Whales Despite the fact that one-third the worlds oceans have been declared whale sanctuaries (保护区), 7 out of 13 whale species remain endangered. Hunted for their rich supply of oil, their numbers have decreased to just 300. Collisions (碰撞) with ships, poisonous po
44、llution and being caught in fishing nets are other major causes of whale deaths. Tigers The last 100 years has seen a 95% reduction in the numbers of remaining tigers to between 5000 and 7000 and the Bali, Javan, and Caspian tigers are already extinct. The South China tiger is close to disappearing,
45、 with only 20 to 30 still alive. Like the Rhino horn, tigers bones and organs are sought after for traditional medicines. These items are traded illegally along with tiger skins. Extinct Or Endangered Wild Animals Wild animals77._ situation 81._Main features or use Dodo extincthunted for foodflightl
46、ess82._ Rhinosrapidly decreased hunted by poachers 84._76._78._83._black and white coat Tigerssome species extincthunted for bonestraditional Chinese medicines79._hunted for organsWhales 80._hunted for oilcollisions with shipsPoisonous pollution.85._76. The Giant Panda 77. Present situation 78. far
47、from certain 79. close to disappearing 80. endangered 81. Reasons for/ Causes of decreasing 82. attacked by poachers 83. threat from poachers 84. highly priced medicine 85. rich oil8Each year there is an increasing number of cars as millions of new cars are produced in America. Americans will not li
48、ve without cars! However, some have realized the serious problem of air pollution by cars. It is necessary to find ways to solve the problem of air pollution.One way to clean the air is to build a new kind of clean car. Thats what several of the large car factories are trying to do. But to build a c
49、lean car is easier said than done. Progress in this field has been slow.Another way is to take the place of the car engine by something else. Engineers are now working on it. Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model that can please man.To prevent the world being pollu
50、ted by cars, Americans have to make some changes in the way of their life. They have to cut down on the number of their cars and are encouraged to travel and go to work by bike. But this change does not close down many workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down. And the pr
51、oblem of their pollution would become less important than that of unemployment.Americans may live a happy but sad life for a long time because of the car problem. 76_ And Pollution in AmericaProblemMethod 81 _ Conclusion 77_ Building a new kind of the 78_ by something elseProgress in this field is 8
52、2_ .Americans may live a 85_ life.It takes years to develop a 83_ . 79_ on the number of cars84_ may lose jobs.Traveling and going to work 80 _ .76. Cars 77. Air pollution 78. car engine 79. Cutting down 80. by bike 81. Disadvantage 82. slow 83.practical model 84. Workers 85. happy but sad 9Chinese
53、are very generous when it comes to educating their children. Not caring about the money, parents often send their children to the best schools or even abroad to England, the US or Australia. They also want their children to take extra-courses activities where they will either learn a musical instrum
54、ent or ballet, or other classes that will give them a head start in life. The Chinese believe that the more expensive an education is, the better it is. So parents will spend unreasonable amount of money on education. Even poor couples will buy a computer for their son or daughter. However, what mos
55、t parents fail to see is that the best education they can give their children is usually very cheap. Parents can see that their childrens skills vary, skilled in some areas while poor in others. What most parents fail to realize though, is that todays children lack self-respect and self-confidence.
56、The problem is that parents are only educating their children on how to take multiple-choice tests and how to study well, but parents are not teaching them the most important skills they need to be confident, happy and clever. Parents can achieve this by teaching practical skills like cooking , sewi
57、ng and doing other housework. Teaching a child to cook will improve many of the skills that he will need later in life. Cooking demands patience and time. It is an enjoyable but difficult experience. A good cook always tries to improve his cooking, so he will learn to work hard and gradually finish
58、his job successfully. His result, a well-cooked dinner, will give him much satisfaction and a lot of confidence. Some old machines, such as a broken radio or TV set that you give your child to play with will make him curious and arouse his interest. He will spend hours looking at them, trying to fix
59、 them; your child might become an engineer when he grows up. These activities are not only teaching a child to read a book, but rather to think, to use his mind. And that is more important.What Chinese Parents Do In 76_ Their ChildrenAttitude77_Measures/DosNever care about money.Send them to the bes
60、t schools or abroad.Wish their children to 78_ or other classes.BeliefThe more 79 _in education, the better the result will be.What they can see in their children80_What they cant see in their childrenLack of 81_82_ their failureOnly teach them how to 83_and study well.Without teaching them the most
61、 important skills they need to be confident, happy and clever.How to 84_ the problemBy 85 _76. Educating/ Teaching/ Bring up/ Cultivating/ Promoting 77. Generous/ Serious/ Devoted 78. take extra-course activities 79. investment/ cost/ expense 80. Varied/ Different/ Various skills 81. self-respect an
62、d self-confidence 82. Reasons for/ Causes of 83. take (multiple-choice) tests 84. settle/ solve/ work out 85. teaching practical skills10Two influential thinkers of the twentieth century have died.John Kenneth Galbraith, the economist, died on April twenty-ninth at the age of 97.Jane Jacobs, a defen
63、der of cities, died April twenty-fifth at the age of 89.Jane Jacobs believed cities should be densely populated and full of different people and activity.She believed in the value of natural growth.She opposed the kind of city planning that involves big development and renewal projects that tear dow
64、n old communities.She is best known for her book The Death and Life of Great American Cities, published in nineteen sixty-one.Another book was The Nature of Economies.Yet she never finished college.Jane Jacobs was an activist in New York City.Her work defeated a road plan to build a big highway thro
65、ugh the Greenwich Village area.She was also against the war in Vietnam.She had sons almost old enough to be called for duty.In nineteen sixty-eight the family moved to Canada.But she remained a community activist.Soon she was fighting a road plan in Toronto.Jane Jacobs was born in the United States
66、but lived and died in Canada.John Kenneth Galbraith was born in Canada but lived and died in the United States.Among his best-known books is The Affluent Society, from nineteen fifty-eight.He wrote that American society had too many goods but not enough social services that show people care about ea
67、ch other.He warned about widening divisions between the very rich and the very poor.John Kenneth Galbraith believed in the power of government to improve lives.He believed in a system of progressive taxes, and in public support for the arts and government involvement in education.He also supported t
68、he idea of public ownership of housing and medical services.Experts say John Kenneth Galbraith and Jane Jacobs led many to question not only how and where they want to live and work.It also led them to wonder what kind of society they wanted to leave for their children.Title: The death of 76 _77._Ja
69、ne JacobsJohn Kenneth GalbraithdeathdateApril twenty-fifth78._79._a defender of citiesan economist80._The Death and Life of Great American Cities; The Nature of Economies81._Main activitiesPut forward a 82._;Against the war in Vietnam, etc.He warned 83._ between the very rich and the very poor; beli
70、eved in 84._ to improve lives;85._led many to question not only how and where they want to live and work.It also led them to wonder what kind of society they wanted to leave for their children.76. Two influential thinkers 77. Names 78. April twenty-ninth 79.Status 80. Best-known books 81. The Affluent Society 82.road plan83. about widening divisions 84. the governments power 85. Comments
