1、单元主题语境人与自然之自然灾害与防范，安全意识 与自我保护(全国卷)话题：失败的南极航行词数：278难度：A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurleys pictures would be outstandingundoubtedly firstrate photojournalismif they had been made last week.In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916，most of t
2、hem after a disastrous shipwreck (海难)，by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest，under freezing water，in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance，a small，tight，Norwegianbuilt threemaster that was intended to take Sir Ernest S
3、hackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists,27 men in all，to the southernmost shore of Antarcticas Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled (雪橇) across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Ca
4、ptain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and wellresearched story The Endurance，adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scotts last journey，completed as he la
5、y in a tent dying of cold and hunger，caught the worlds imagination，and a film made in his honor drew crowds.Shackleton，a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908，started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photogr
6、aphy.Frank Hurley，a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，was hired to make the images，most of which have never before been published.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。1914年到1916年间，一群海员和科学家踏上了南极探险之路。结果他们在回来的路上发生海难，其中一个摄影师在临死之前拍摄了大量的照片，并把照片封存在破损的木船的冰块箱里。通过这些照片我们可以了解到那次不太成功的探险经历。13What do we
7、know about the photos taken by Hurley?AThey were made last week.BThey showed undersea sceneries.CThey were found by a cameraman.DThey recorded a disastrous adventure.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的第二句可知，这些照片记录了一次灾难性的冒险，故选D项。答案：D14Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?AFrank Hurley.BErnest Shacklet
8、on.CRobert Falcon Scott.DCaroline Alexander.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知，被发现的照片所展示的这次旅行是为了获得比Robert Falcon Scott船长先前的探险更大的收获，该船长在1912年就到达了南极。由此推断Robert Falcon Scott是最先到达南极的人，故选C项。答案：C15What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?AArtistic creation.BScientific research.CMoney making.DTreasure hu
9、nting.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中的后半句“adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort”及倒数第二句中“his 1914 voyage to make money.”可知，Alexander认为1914年的航行完全出于商业目的，也就是为了赚钱。答案：C,一、语言能力熟词生义/ 词类活用1shoot vt.拍摄2image n图像3passage n通道；走廊4march n行进；行军5catch vt.引起二、思维品质1阅读技巧借助关键词进行推理判断此类推理判断题只需要寻找与题干有逻辑关系的关键词就可以推出正
10、确答案。因此，解题时应认真阅读试题，弄清要求和回答问题的角度，结合原文看是否有关键词可以用来进行推理判断。第15题根据最后一段第一句中后半句的a thoroughly commercial effort及倒数第二句中的make money可知，Alexander认为1914年的航行完全出于商业目的，也就是为了赚钱。2分析长难句并翻译句子Shackleton，a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908，started a business befo
11、re his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.分析Shackleton started a business.为句子主干，a onetime British merchantnavy officer为Shackleton的同位语，同时作定语从句who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908的先行词，before his 1914 voyage 为时间状语，to make.为不定式作目的状语。翻译Shackleton，一个曾经的英国商船船队军官
12、，在1908年到达过距离南极点不足100英里的地方，在他1914年航海前开始做生意来从电影和摄影中赚钱。三、文化素养思考：通过阅读这篇文章，你认为如何防范自然灾害，进行自我保护？我们应该加强自然灾害危害性的教育，提高学校广大师生员工的自我保护意识。做到早预防、早报告、早处置，及时采取措施，确保不因自然灾害而危及师生安全和财产损失。授课提示：对应学生用书第25页Unit 4EarthquakesNO.1单词在语境中应用，在拓展中记多01核心单词先识记请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1shocking news 令人震惊的消息2sincerely hope 真心地希望3destroy the healt
13、h 毁掉健康4rescue him from the fire从火中把他营救出来5bury him alive将他活埋6judge between right and wrong判断是非7be trapped in ruins被困在废墟中8the ruin of his hope他的希望破灭9a burst of anger勃然大怒10an injured leg 一条受伤的腿11the main events 重大事件12other natural disasters其他自然灾害13relieve his suffering缓解他的痛苦14suffer serious damage遭受严重的
14、损伤再拓展请填入括号内单词的正确形式1Her family was extremely (extreme) poor and all she had was one pair of shoes.2Judging from his looks，he must be an honest man.On the contrary，he often robs and steals，so the judge pointed out that a man should not be judged by his appearance.(judge)3After seeing the frightening f
15、ilm，the frightened boy was too frightened to walk home alone in the dark.(frighten)4Rescuers said the injured were taken to a hospital nearby，and fortunately the injury was not serious，not lifethreatening.(injure)5The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exci
16、ting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)6I am lacking in words and expressions to express how grateful I feel and I will give my head teacher the present as an expression of gratitude.(express)7We were shocked at the shocking news that he died suddenly yesterday.(shock)8Britain is
17、a developed nation and its national flower is rose.(nation)02阅读单词标注不认识的单词，回查单词表重新记忆earthquakemillioncanalsteamheadline track mine shelterdam outline crack bricksmelly titleNO.2短语在拼写中记牢，在联想中积累必会短语请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1a number of families 许多家庭2dig out the truth发现真相3be proud of their achievements为他们的成就而自豪4be
18、trapped in the burning hotel被困在失火的旅馆里5judging from his accent 从他的口音判断6be buried in the book埋头读书7dont think little of yourself不要小看你自己8be there right away马上就到9be almost at an end差不多结束了10leave the town in ruins使这个城镇成为废墟词汇积累1“自然灾害”相关单词一览disaster n灾难；灾祸earthquake n地震drought n旱灾；干旱eruption n(火山)喷发hurrican
19、e n飓风2表示“程度”的副词集锦extremely极度地entirely完全地completely完全地 perfectly完美地3以“ing/ed”结尾的形容词聚焦4“埋头于；专心于”的多种表达be buried in be occupied withbe absorbed in be engaged inbe devoted to concentrate onapply oneself to put ones heart intofix/focus ones attention onNO.3句式在解读中学懂，在学写中学通请根据提示完成下列句子1too.to.意为“太而不能”，表示否定意义
20、正如谚语所说，活到老，学到老。As the old saying goes，“Its never too late to learn.”2as if “好像”，后常接表语从句或方式状语从句童年的一切一下子涌入我的脑海，仿佛刚刚发生似的。Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if it had just happened.3leave宾语宾语补足语“使处于某状态”他的父母在巴基斯坦地震中去世了，留下他成为一名孤儿。His parents died in the Pakistan earthquake，leaving him an o
21、rphan.4All.not.Not all.“并不是所有的都”喜欢体育运动的人并不都喜欢参加体育运动。All who enjoy sporting events dont like to participate in them.5be doing .when .正在做这时(突然)今天早晨我正在大街上走，就在这时我看见两名游客正在困惑地看着地图。This morning I was walking on the street when I saw that two travelers were reading a map，looking puzzled.授课提示：对应学生用书第26页1burs
22、t vi.(burst，burst) 爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发文化金句 Reading The Emperors New Clothes，I had to let out a burst of laughter over his foolishness.读了皇帝的新装，我不禁为他的愚蠢而捧腹大笑。归纳拓展 burst in突然闯进；突然出现burst into.闯入；(情绪等)爆发burst out突然迸发；爆发；突然激动地喊叫burst into laughterburst out laughing突然大笑起来burst into tearsburst out crying突然大哭起
23、来实战演练基础练透单句语法填空He burst in without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.He burst into the room without knocking at the door.能力提升完成句子Seeing her classmates burst out laughing/burst into laughter because of her foolish mistakes，she burst out crying/burst into tears.看到她的同学因为她愚蠢的错误哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起来。实
24、战贴士 短语burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；而burst into中的into是介词，后面应接宾语。2ruin nU 毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；常用复数废墟；遗迹 vt. 毁灭；使破产；成为废墟写作佳句 No matter how famous a brand is，it can be in ruins once it betrays the trust of consumers.无论一个品牌多有名气，一旦辜负了消费者的信任它就有可能会毁灭。归纳拓展 (1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟be reduced to ruins沦为废墟(2)ruin sth./sb./oneself
25、毁坏某物/毁掉某人/自己ruin ones health/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途实战演练基础练透单句语法填空/单句改错When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighbourhood in ruins (ruin)Some pop stars are addicted to drugs，completely ruining them.themthemselves能力提升一句多译他犯了个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。He made a mistake，which ruined his c
26、hance of going abroad.(定语从句)He made a mistake，ruining his chance of going abroad.(分词短语作状语)3shock vt.& vi. (使)震惊；震动 n. 休克；打击；震惊写作佳句 Many of the people we ran into were still in shock.我们碰到的许多人还在惊慌之中。归纳拓展 (1)be shocked by/at.对感到震惊be shocked to do.因做而震惊(2)in shock震惊；休克(3)shocked adj.感到震惊的shocking adj.令人
27、震惊的实战演练基础练透单句语法填空They were shocked by/at her rudeness.Anyone touching that wire could get badly shocked (shock)Grandmother thought it shocking (shock) for girls to wear jeans.能力提升句型转换It was a shock to me to see how my neighbors treated their children.I was shocked to see how my neighbors treated the
28、ir children.4bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；使沉浸；隐藏；使专心写作佳句 Ever since Miss Evans moved here，she has buried herself/has been buried in her research work.自从埃文斯小姐搬到这里以来，她一直埋头于她的研究工作。归纳拓展 (1)bury.in.把埋到里；使沉浸于埋头于；专心于(2)bury ones face in ones hands双手掩面实战演练基础练透单句语法填空Though buried (bury) in books these days，I have still jo
29、ined several student clubs in order to improve myself.He sank into a chair，burying (bury) his face in his hands.能力提升一句多译他埋头看书，不知道外面在下雨。Because he buried himself in/was buried in his books，he was not aware that it was raining outside.(bury)Burying himself in his books，he was not aware that it was rai
30、ning outside.(现在分词短语作状语)Buried in his books，he was not aware that it was raining outside.(过去分词短语作状语)5judge n. 裁判员；法官 vt. 断定；判断；判决 文化金句 Judging from their speeches，Confucius Institutes have an increasing impact on the local people.从他们的言谈中可以得知，孔子学院对当地人的影响日益加大。归纳拓展 (1)judge.from/by.从来判断as far as I can
31、judge据我判断；我认为(2)judging by/from从上看；根据判断 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged (judge)Im writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15.Judging (judge) from the above story，we can draw the conclusion t
32、hat we cant judge a book by/from its cover.能力提升完成句子As far as I can judge, the farm work programme was very meaningful.(2020高考全国卷)我认为，这个农活活动非常有意义。实战贴士 judging from/by用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。6at an end 结束；终结写作佳句 My holiday is at an end and I must go back to work tomorrow.假期结束了，明天我必须回去上班。归纳拓展 (1)at t
33、he end of在尽头；在末端by the end of到结束时；到时候为止(常与完成时态连用)in the end最后；终于(2)使结束come to an end完成；结束(3)end up doing 以而告终实战演练基础练透单句语法填空/用end相关短语填空By the end of next month，we will have finished (finish) all our tasks.The speech contest was at an end.Thankfully，I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work
34、paid off in the end.能力提升句型转换The meeting was at an end and he set down many key points.The meeting came to an end and he set down many key points.7a (great) number of 许多；大量的写作佳句 According to the concert poster，a great number of music masterpieces will be played by a famous band.(2019高考全国卷)根据音乐会海报，一个著
35、名的乐队将演奏大量的音乐杰作。归纳拓展 (1)可数名词复数复数谓语(2)不可数名词(3)可数名词复数或不可数名词(4)the number of可数名词复数单数谓语实战演练基础练透单句语法填空/单句改错The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped (drop) by 17 percent in just one year.A great deal of money was donated(donate)to a university by an old man，which aroused public attention.Large quan
36、tities of nuts is found inside the trees.isareA good many disasters has changed the old building.hashave能力提升完成句子In addition，there are a great number of famous artists whose masterpieces will be on exhibition.此外，许多著名艺术家的杰作将被展览。实战贴士 large quantities/amounts ofn.作主语时谓语动词用复数。8as if (as though) 引导表语从句或状语
37、从句教材原句 It seemed as if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！归纳拓展 (1)如果as if所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气。(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气：从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反) 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空When a pencil is partly put into water，it looks as if it were broken (br
38、eak)He behaved as if nothing had happened (happen)能力提升句型转换Tom raised his right hand as if he would say something.Tom raised his right hand as if to say something.实战贴士 as though/if引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略。9部分否定教材原句 All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。归纳拓展 (1)部分否定all.not.not all.并非所有的
39、都(2)具有总括意义的代词(each，everybody，everything，all，both等)与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”(3)no，none，no one，neither，nothing等表示完全否定实战演练基础练透完成句子Our English teacher is excellent，but she cant help everyone (不能帮助每一位同学)in the class in 40 minutes.None of us (我们全都不) was allowed to go there.能力提升句型转换Its impossible for all
40、 the applicants to get the jobs，because not all of them are fit for the jobs.Its impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs，because all of them arent fit for the jobs.授课提示：对应学生用书第28页 教材与高考.阅读理解障碍词 1阅读词汇认知(2020新高考全国卷)The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when were
41、 making decisions.adv.非常(2020高考全国卷)The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon.n.比赛项目(2019高考北京卷)It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar.n.棒；条状物(2019高考
42、全国卷)Modern methods for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s.vt.追踪(2017高考全国卷)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be careful not to go to extremes.n.极端2一词多义(20
43、17高考天津卷)Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.DA头衔B资格C权利D标题 (浙江卷)Suddenly another thought went through Kates mind like an electric shock.CAvt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动Bn.休克Cn.触电Dn.震惊.语言运用高频点
44、1语法填空(2020高考浙江卷)Like humans, polar bears can feel pain, have emotions and can be frightened (frighten)(2020高考浙江卷)If we drink dirty (dirt) water，we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill.(2019高考全国卷)She has been a radio and TV reporter (report) for many years.(2019高考全国卷)Does Kilimanjaro d
45、eserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining (ruin) the atmosphere of peace?(2019天津3月高考)Marys description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I had been (be) there.(2019高考江苏卷)Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic p
46、olicies，both at the national (nation) and the international levels.(2018高考浙江卷)I still remember visiting a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.2完形填空(2019高考浙江卷)As you can imagine，the trip is no piece of cake.While restaur
47、ants throw away tons of food each year，much of it remains inaccessible because of 42 garbage containers，health regulations，or business policies.Only about one in ten places offered him food that would otherwise be discarded.AlockedBdamagedCconnectedDabandoned解析：由于上锁的垃圾桶、健康法规或商业政策的限制，很多被丢掉的食物无法得到。loc
48、ked “上锁的”；damaged “破坏的”；connected “连接的”；abandoned “被遗弃的”。答案：A(2018高考北京卷)He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after leaving a note behind to let the owner know it was safe.When the cars owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car which was itself worth 35,00
49、0in Glasgow city centre，they were 23 to find two policemen standing next to it.The policemen told them what Mr.Smith did and that the wallet was safe.AsatisfiedBexcitedCamusedDshocked解析：根据空格后面的“to find two policemen standing next to it”可知，车主看到警察站在车旁边应该是感到震惊的(shocked)。答案：D.书面表达亮点练1(2020新高考全国卷)我们应该祝贺他
50、们队赢得比赛。(congratulation)We should offer congratulations to their team on winning the match.2(湖南卷)当一个心怀恶意的人攻击我们的时候，我们不会感到害怕，因为我们可以电击他，从而逃离危险。(frightened，shock)When a man with an evil intention attacks us，we wont feel frightened because we can give him an electric shock and escape from danger.3(山东卷)“有志
51、者，事竟成。”这句谚语提醒我，通往成功的道路并不总是一帆风顺。(部分否定)The proverb “Where there is a will，there is a way.” reminds me that the path to success is not always smooth.素养与落实用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文某地发生地震后，许多互联网科技企业、各大旅游网站和汽车公司等纷纷在第一时间加入抢险救灾的行列中。请你以灾区学生李华的名义给这些企业写一封感谢信，表达你的感激之情。Step 1补全要点句(黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)我写信感谢你们及时的援助，因为没有你们的援助
52、我的生活就不会恢复正常。Im writing to express my thanks for your timely rescue，because without it my life couldnt have returned to normal.几天前，一场极其可怕的地震袭击了我的家乡，使得许多房屋成为废墟并彻底毁坏了我的家。(定语从句)A few days ago，an extremely frightening earthquake struck my hometown，which left many houses in ruins and completely destroyed
53、my house.我震惊地发现一切都被埋在了倒塌的房屋下面，于是我大哭起来。I was shocked to find everything buried under the fallen house，so I burst into tears/burst out crying.仿佛到了世界末日。It seemed as if the world was at an end.尽管你们是陌生人，但是你们竭尽全力帮助我让我有避难处可住，有足够的食物和水赖以存活。Strangers as you are，you have done everything in your power to help m
54、e have a shelter to live in and enough food and water to survive on.我再怎么感激你们也不为过。I cant express my gratitude too much.Step 2升级平淡句1利用“介词which”引导非限制性定语从句升级句Im writing to express my thanks for your timely rescue，without which my life couldnt have returned to normal.2利用分词短语作状语升级句Shocked to find everything buried under the fallen house，I burst into tears/burst out crying.
