1、课堂导学文本感知.THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISH1.When did English begin to be spoken in other countries?A.In the 1700s.B.In the 1600s.C.At the end of 16th century.D.In the 1500s.答案：A2.If an American is talking to an Englishman,_.A.they will have almost no difficulty in understanding each otherB.they will have a
2、 lot of misunderstandings between each otherC.the American finds it difficult to understand the EnglishmanD.the Englishman finds it difficult to follow the American答案：A3.Which of the following is the topic sentence of the third paragraph?A.English spoken before 1150 is quite different from now.B.Eng
3、lish spoken from about 1150 to 1500 is based on French.C.Shakespeare played an important part in the development of English language.D.English has been changing with the time.答案：D4.Why is India mentioned in the last paragraph?A.Because India is a typical country who speaks English as a second langua
4、ge because of its long being ruled by Britain.B.Because India has a very large number of English speakers.C.Because India is a country where English plays a very important role in social life.D.Because India has a long history of communication with Britain.答案：A5.The writer wrote this passage mainly
5、to_.A.prove that English has the largest number of speakers around the worldB.prove that the nation who has more settlements around the world has more speakers of their languageC.tell of the difference between ancient English and modern EnglishD.tell of the history and development of the English lan
6、guage答案：D.STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTS1.Which of the following is standard English?A.British English.B.American English.C.The English spoken on TV and radio.D.Its hard to say.答案:D2.Why do some people think the English spoken on TV and radio is standard English?A.Because they hope the broadcasters s
7、hould speak standard English.B.Because the broadcasters are all well-educated.C.Because the English spoken on TV and radio is spoken in the same way.D.Because only the English spoken on TV and radio can offer us standard English.答案：A3.The main idea of the second paragraph is_.A.dialects are differen
8、t from “standard language”B.American English has so many dialects because Americans have come from all over the worldC.dialects are of the same as “standard language”D.Americans who speak different dialects have much trouble in communicating答案：B4.Which of the following is the topic sentence of the t
9、hird paragraph?A.The US is a large country with so many different dialects.B.Although many Americans move a lot,they still recognize each others dialects.C.Geography plays a part in making dialects.D.Americans like moving from one place to another.答案：C5.From this passage,we can conclude that_.A.diff
10、erent dialects are from the same standard languageB.American English has the most dialectsC.a country who has the most mountains has the most dialectsD.dialects result from traveling答案:A难句透视1.In some important ways they are very different from one another.在某些重要的方面,他们彼此有很大的不同。剖析:in.ways在方面；are differ
11、ent from与不同。2.World Englishes come from those countries where English plays an important role as a first or second language,either because of foreign rule or because of its special role as an international language.世界英语来自那样一些国家,因为受到过外国的统治或者因为英语作为一门国际性语言的特别角色,在这些国家中,英语作为第一或第二语言起到了很重要的作用。剖析:World Engl
12、ishes 世界英语,English此处指世界各地区不同种类的英语,所以要用复数形式；where English plays an important role as a first or second language是表示地点的定语从句,修饰countries,where在从句中作地点状语；a first or second中的两个序数前面都有不定冠词修饰,这是因为两个序数词在此句中表示泛指,a second相当于another,again的意思；either.or.的意思是“要么要么”,连接两个并列状语,表示原因；句中的两个as都作介词用,意为“作为”。3.So why has Engl
13、ish changed over time?那么,英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？剖析:over在此句中表示“贯穿（一时间段）”。再如:over the year几年来;over the weekend整个周末。4.Actually,it was based more on German than present day English.实际上,当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的,而现代英语不是。剖析:actually可理解为是本句的插入语,表示说话者的态度；be based on 建立在基础上；more.than.“与其说是倒不如说是”。5.One big change in English
14、 usage happened when Noah Webster wrote the American Dictionary of the English Language,giving American English its own identity.英语用法发生了一次大变化,那就是在诺厄韦伯斯特编纂美国英语词典的那个时期,这本词典体现了美国英语的特色。剖析:when Noah Webster wrote the American Dictionary of the English Language是时间状语从句；giving American English its own ident
15、ity是现在分词短语作结果状语。它修饰的是前面整个一句话,表示前面所述情况的结果。6.Believe it or not,there is no such a thing as standard English.信不信由你,没有像标准英语之类的语言。剖析:believe it or not在句中作插入语,意为“信不信由你”；such.as.是一个习惯搭配。as引导定语从句,其先行词是被such修饰的名词。7.However,even on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.然而,在即使在电视和收
16、音机里,你也会听出人们在说话时的差异。剖析:in the way以方式；way后面接定语从句people speak,引导词可以是that,in which,也可省略。8.So people from the mountains in the southeastern US speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern US.因此,美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言几乎相同。剖析:the same.as.也是一个习惯搭配。as引导定语从句,其先行词是被the same修饰的名词。当先行词被such或t
17、he same修饰时,或者先行词本身是such或the same时,定语从句的引导词多数情况下用as。要点解读活学巧用一、词汇详解1.include vt.包括；包含【典型例句】My job doesnt include making coffee for the boss!为老板煮咖啡不是我分内的事！Twenty passengers were injured in the traffic accident,five children included.在这次交通事故中有二十位乘客受伤,其中包含五个小孩。Five employees have been dismissed from the
18、company,including Henry.五个职员被解雇,其中包含亨利。【知识小结】include表示整体与部分的包含关系。现在分词including放在名词或代词前面；过去分词included放在名词或代词之后。【相关链接】include,contain和hold的区别:(1)include主要强调被包含的东西本身是其一部分。例如:The price includes the tax.这价钱包括税金。(2)contain则强调所包含的成分。例如:Whisky contains a large percentage of alcohol.威士忌酒精含量高。(3)hold指有能力容纳，常与
19、can,could等情态动词连用。例如:The newly-built hall can hold 1000 people.新建的大厅能容纳一千人。选词填空include/contain/hold(1)The band played many songs,_some of my favourites.(2)One thing that will stop them feeling bad is the drug nicotine,which is_in cigarettes.(3)The letter_important information about the World War .(4)
20、I dont think the car will_you all.(5)We all went to the Benzhai village,Lily_.答案:(1)including(2)contained(3)contains(4)hold(5)included单项填空(6)The explorers say that these valleys are sure to_gold mines,not having been found,though.A.contain B.hold C.include D.hide提示:句意:探险家们说,这个山谷肯定有金矿,虽然现在还有没有找到。此句要用
21、contain表示“含有”,而不是include“包括”。答案:A2.role n.角色；任务【典型例句】Chow Yun-Fat played a leading role as Xu Wenqiang in the film Shanghai Beach.周润发在上海滩中扮演主角许文强。My older sister has taken on the role of wife and mother.我姐姐已经承担了做妻子和母亲的义务。 【相关链接】play a role in和play a part in是同义词组,都可表示“在中扮演一个角色”。除此之外,它们还可表示“在方面起作用”。例如
22、:China plays a more and more important role/part in international affairs.中国在国际事务中起的作用越来越重要。翻译句子(1)在组织这次宴会中他起到了重要作用。_.(2)他在我们学校演的剧中扮演蜘蛛侠的角色。_.答案:(1)He played an important role in the organization of the party.(2)He played the role of the spiderman in our school play.3.because of 因为；由于【典型例句】My brothe
23、r is often absent from work because of his illness.我哥哥常因患病而缺勤。The train was late because of the fog.火车晚点是由于有雾的缘故。You shouldnt give up the job just because of the wages.你不应该仅是为了工资而放弃这份工作。【相关链接】because of与because辨析：because of后面要接名词或短语；而because后面要接从句，都作原因状语。例如：John didnt attend the meeting because he w
24、as ill.约翰没有出席会议,因为他病了。单项填空(1)Ms Kitty was half an hour late for the lecture,just_heavy traffic.A.forB.in case of C.in spite of D.because of提示:交通拥挤是迟到的原因，所以要用because of。答案:D(2)Ms Kitty started out half an hour earlier,just_being late for the lecture.A.so as not toB.in spite of C.because of D.in case
25、of提示:听讲座迟到是以防要发生的事情,所以要用in case of表示“以防”。答案:D4.a number of/the number of【典型例句】India has a very large number of English speakers.印度有众多讲英语的人。Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.目前在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。Only a small number of students take biology as their majors.只有少数学生
26、选生物为主修课。【知识小结】(1)“a number of”的意思是“若干”或“许多”，修饰可数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。(2)“the number of”和“a number of”一样,跟在后头的名词也是复数的,不同的是这里的主语是单数的 the number,不是它后面的复数名词,谓语动词必须和 the number 呼应,用单数形式。(3)number常与形容词large,small,great,good连用。询问数量用“Whats the number?”例如:Whats the number of the students in your school?你学校的学生有多少?填空
27、用括号内动词的正确形式填空。(1)A good number of books_(have)been missing from the library.(2)The number of smokers_(be)rapidly increasing among teenagers.(3)There_(be)a large number of habitants here who come from Scotland.答案:(1)have(2)is(3)are 单项填空(4)(2006浙江高考)We always keep_spare paper,in case we run out.A.too
28、muchB.a number ofC.plenty ofD.a good many提示：a number of和a good many意为“很多，大量的”，修饰可数名词；too much意为“太多”，修饰不可数名词；plenty of“大量的”，修饰可数或不可数名词。根据句意“我们总是准备大量的备用纸，以防（现有的）纸用完了时用”，应选C项。答案：C5.native n.本地人；本国人adj.本国的；本地的【典型例句】Are you a native here,or just a visitor?你是本地人,还是游客?The kangaroo is a native of Australia.
29、袋鼠是澳大利亚的本土动物。Their native language is Russian.他们的母语是俄语。He has been away from his native Poland for three years.他离开故土波兰已有三年了。【相关链接】be native to原产于。例如:Silk is native to Ancient China.丝绸原产于古代中国。完成句子(1)他回到了故乡,很高兴。He was happy to_.(2)教授着手研究当地居民的生活习惯。The professor set to study_.(3)大熊猫是中国特有的动物。The giant pa
30、nda_China.答案:(1)return to his native land(2)the habits of the natives (3)is native toe up走近；上来【典型例句】He came up and introduced himself他走上前来并作了自我介绍。The diver came up to the surface to have a deep breath.潜水员浮到水面深呼了一口气。【相关链接】(1)come up的其他常见意义:发芽；流行；发生；被提出；上升。例如:The seeds I sowed last week havent come up
31、 yet.上星期我播下的种子还没有发芽呢。When did these idioms come up?这些习语是什么时候开始流行的？ Ill let you know if anything comes up.如果发生什么事的话,我会让你知道的。The question hasnt come up yet.这个问题还没有被提出来。The price is coming up all the way.价格一直在上涨。(2)come about 发生come across 偶遇come out 出现；披露 come down传递;跌落come to总共；谈及；到达come by 获得；得到come
32、 along 进展；跟着来；赶快come at袭击,达到介副词填空(1)How did it come_that the man was dismissed？(2)I came_this old photograph when looking for a book yesterday.(3)When it comes_mathematics,Im completely at sea.(4)The secret will finally come_.(5)I could hear footsteps coming_behind me.(6)Come_,children,or well be la
33、te！(7)The man came_her with a knife.(8)How did you come_that Awe of Eight Horses？(9)The girls necklace had come_to her from her grandmother.(10)Im afraid something urgent has come_;I wont be able to see you tonight.答案:(1)about(2)across(3)to(4)out(5)up(6)along/on/up(7)at(8)by(9)down(10)up7.actually a
34、dv.实际上；事实上【典型例句】Actually,Im busy at the moment；can I phone you back?说实在的,我现在正忙着我给你回电话行吗?She looks young,but shes actually 50.她看上去年轻,可是实际上她已五十岁了。【相关链接】(1)派actual adj.实际的；actuality n.事实 同in fact,in reality,as a matter of fact,as it is,really,truly(2)actually,really和truly的区别:actually侧重于实际的事,而不是凭空想像或推测的
35、事。really主要用于强调与事实或现实不相违背,也可表示不快、惊奇或某种含蓄的怀疑。例如:Tell me what you really think.把你的真心话告诉我吧。Were going to Japan next month.我们下个月要去日本。Oh,really?啊,真的吗?truly强调客观存在的真实性,没有任何虚假。例如：We are truly sorry for the inconvenience.我们真心为不便感到抱歉。注意:really和truly常放在句中或句尾。而actually可放在句首和句中。单项填空(1)I once thought Jonna was a g
36、ood student,for she often got a high mark but_she was found out to often cheat in examinations.A.actually B.truly C.really D.mostly提示:actually放在句首,以表明事实与我原来认为的不一样。really和truly在语意和位置上都不合适。mostly是副词,意为“通常,大多数”,不合题意。答案:A(2)This tree looks high and strong but_its trunk is hollow.A.really B.truly C.actua
37、lly D.surely提示:句意:这棵树看起来又高又壮,实际上树干是空的。此句指实际存在的情况,所以要用actually。surely意指“当然了”；really真地；truly真正地。答案:C8.present adj.现在的；出席的；到场的【典型例句】Im not at all satisfied with the present situation.我对目前的情况一点都不满意。How many people were present at the meeting?到会的有多少人?Present at the meeting were my parents.出席会议的还有我的父母。【相关
38、链接】(1)present的其他用法:vt.赠送;提交;呈现;介绍。例如:They presented him with a bunch of flowers.他们献给他一束鲜花。He had to present a smiling face though heavy-hearted.虽然忧心忡忡,但他还得露出一副笑容。n.礼物。例如:He often gave his neighbors kids little presents.他常常送些小礼物给邻居的孩子。(2)at present 现在;目前for the present 眼前;暂时be present to出现在面前live in
39、the present顺应当前形势,只顾眼前up to/until the present直到现在英汉互译(1)We learn from the past,experience the present and hope for success in the future._.(2)很抱歉,我现在帮不了你实在太忙了。_.(3)Ive got enough money for the present,but I must go to the bank tomorrow._.(4)他们献花给老师。_.答案:(1)我们学习过去,体验现在,展望未来的成功。(2)Im afraid I cant hel
40、p you just at present.Im too busy.(3)我的钱暂时还够用,但我明天必须去银行取款。(4)They presented flowers to their teacher.9.make use of 利用【典型例句】You must make good use of any opportunity to practise English.你必须好好利用任何机会练习英语。The Internet resources should be made full use of.网络资源应当得到充分利用。【相关链接】(1)take advantage of 利用They de
41、cided to take advantage of the beautiful weather and go to the country.他们决定利用这么好的天气到乡村去。(2)make the best of 充分利用You should make the best of this valuable opportunity.你应该充分利用这宝贵的机会。单项填空The money collected should be made good use_the people in South Asia who suffered a lot in the killer earthquake and
42、 tsunami(海啸).A.of helpingB.to help C.to helpingD.of to help 提示:句意:募捐的钱应当充分用来帮助南亚在地震和海啸中受难的人们。The money是be made good use of的逻辑主语,这是一个被动语态;to help是全句的目的状语。答案:D10.identity n.本身；本体；身份【典型例句】His drivers license proved his identity.他的驾驶执照证明了他的身份。The police are still uncertain of the murderers identity.警察尚未
43、证实杀人犯的身份。【相关链接】identification n.识别,身份证明identify vt.鉴定,识别identical adj.同一的,同样的。例如:His only means of identification was his passport.他惟一证明身份的证件就是他的护照。I cannot identify this signature.我认不出这是谁的签字。The two words are identical in meaning.这两个字的字义完全一样。选词填空identity/identical/identify/identification(1)This is
44、the_hotel we stayed at last year.(2)The_of the murdered man has not yet been found out.(3)The study of fingerprints is considered as an important method of_.(4)Can you_your brother in this picture?答案:(1)identical(2)identity(3)identification(4)identify11.such as像这种的；例如【典型例句】I like those students who
45、are careful with their lessons,such as Mary,Lina.我喜欢那些上课认真的学生,例如:玛丽,琳娜。English is spoken in many countries,such as Australia and Canada.许多国家都讲英语,例如澳大利亚和加拿大。Metals are such things as iron,steel.金属是一些像铁、钢一样的东西。【知识小结】such as用于列举前面所述情况,有时也可分开用,让such修饰一个名词或代词,as引出一个定语从句修饰这个名词或代词。【相关链接】such as和for example
46、的区别:（1）for example用来举例说明某一论点或情况,一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例,作插入语,可位于句首、句中或句末。例如：Ball games,for example,have spread around the world.例如,球类运动已经在世界各地传播开了。 （2）such as用来列举事物时,一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,as后面不可有逗号。（3）使用such as短语时,后面列举的事物的数量不能等于它前面所提到的总和,一旦相等就要用that is或namely。如不可以说:I have three good friends,su
47、ch as John,Jack and Tom.应该说:I have three good friends,that is,John,Jack and Tom.我有三个好朋友,即约翰、杰克和汤姆。填充(1)He knows three language,_,Chinese,French and English.(2)What would you do if you met a wild animala lion,_?(3)The farmer grows various kinds of crops,_wheat,corn,cotton and rice.(4)Matter may be in
48、visible,air,_,is this kind of matter.(5)Some of the rubbish,_food,paper and iron,rots away over a long period of time.答案:(1)namely/that is(to say)(2)for example(3)such as(4)for example(5)such as单项填空(6)A lot of countries have gained excellent achievements in space technology,China,_.A.such as B.for e
49、xample C.namely D.and so on提示:句意:许多国家在宇航技术方面取得了杰出的成就,比如说,中国。such as列举同类的几个例子;for example可列举一例;namely把内容全都列举出来;and so so接在such as.后面表示“等等”。答案:Bmand n.命令；指令；掌握vt.&vi.命令；指挥；支配【典型例句】The policeman gave the command for the car to stop.警察下令叫车停下。Successful men are those with a good command of modern technol
50、ogy.成功的人是那些熟练掌握现代科技的人。He is not fit to command others that cannot command himself.谚不能指挥自己的人就不能指挥别人。The president announced his command that the whole nation be against terrorism.总统宣布了命令,即:全国人民要反对恐怖主义。Our boss commanded we all should go to collect market information.老板命令我们都去搜集市场信息。【知识小结】command作名词用,其
51、后面的表语从句或同位语从句要用虚拟语气,谓语形式是“should+动词原形（省略should）”。command作动词用,要求后面所接的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,动词形式同上。【相关链接】at command 掌握,可自由使用at sb.s command 听某人支配by sb.s command 听某人支配get command of 控制have a good command of 能自由应用in command of 指挥着under (the) command of 由指挥;在指挥之下完成句子(1)将军命令部下攻城。The general_the city.(2)他指挥一百个人。He ha
52、s a hundred men_.(3)有人叫他控制脾气。He was told to_.(4)我命令他立即就去。I command that_.(5)海盗首领下令将俘虏枪杀。 The pirate chief commanded that_.答案:(1)commanded his men to attack(2)under his command(3)command his temper(4)he (should)go at once(5)all the prisoners (should)be shot单项填空(6)The army received a command that they
53、_to the front immediately.A.would marchB.must marchC.should marchD.were marching提示:command在此句中用作名词,所以后面所接的同位语从句要用虚拟语气,谓语形式用“should+动词原形”。答案:C13.request n.&vt.请求；要求【典型例句】Theyve made an urgent request for international aid.他们紧急请求国际援助。Mr.Paine made a request that I should help him.佩恩先生要求我帮助他。Your prese
54、nce is requested at the meeting.请你务必出席会议。You are requested not to smoke in the office.办公室里不准吸烟。 I request that you should come early.我要求你早些来。【知识小结】request要求后面的相关从句也要用虚拟语气,谓语形式是“should+动词原形（省略should）”。【相关链接】(1)由request构成的短语:at sb.s request/at the request of sb. 应某人要求as requested 依照请求by request (of) 按
55、照需要;依照请求;应邀;如嘱make (a) request for 请求;要求request sth.from/of sb.向某人要求某物(2)request,demand和require的区别:request正式用词,指非常正式,有礼貌的请求或恳求,多含担心因种种原因对方不能答应的意味。demand 一般指理直气壮地提出强烈要求,或坚持不让对方拒绝的要求。例如：The policeman demanded that the girl (should) tell him everything she knew.那个警察要求那个女孩告诉他她知道的每一件事。require 强调根据事业、需要或纪
56、律、法律等而提出的要求。例如：His health requires that he (should) go to bed early.为了健康,他早些就寝。值得一提的是,这三个词都要求从句用虚拟语气,谓语形式都用“should+do”。单项填空(1)The newlyfounded chess club formally_us to attend the opening ceremony.A.requestedB.required C.demanded D.commanded提示:request常用于正式场合的请求。答案:A(2)It is_that all the celebrities
57、in the entertainment circle pay their taxes to the state.A.commanded B.requested C.advised D.required提示:require常用于规定要求,条件要求。答案:D(3)Do you think the President will give in to the terrorists_?A.demand B.requirement C.request D.suggestion提示:demand常用于强硬的要求。答案:A(4)Im sorry that I cannot accept your_to at
58、tend your birthday party,Linda,because Im to_answer all the customers letters tonight by my boss.A.requirement;required B.demand;requestedC.request;askedD.request;required提示:第一个空表示邀请或请求,用request;第二个是老板的要求,用required。requirement指要求的事物,多用复数。答案:D14.recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认【典型例句】I recognized Peter although
59、 I hadnt seen him for 10 years.虽然我有10年没看到彼特了,但我认出了他。I recognize that I have been wrong.我承认我错了。They refused to recognize this government.他们拒不承认这个政府。【相关链接】(1)recognizable adj.可被认出的,可辨认的。例如:Its an instantly recognizable face.那是我一眼就能认得出的面孔。(2)recognized adj.公认的;经过证明的;普遍接受的。例如:This is a recognized method
60、 of making tea.这是一个公认的做茶的方法。单项填空(1)Jerry didnt_his primary school classmateMary until he listened to her selfintroduction.A.knowB.find C.recognize D.realize提示:此句用recognize表示“认出”。答案:C(2)Ann Lee is_as one of the best directors in the world.A.appointedB.electedC.recognizedD.realized提示:此句用recognize表示“公认
61、”。答案:C15.direction n.方向；指导；（常用复数）指示；说明书Cars were coming from all directions.汽车从四面八方开来。 She went off in the opposite direction.她往相反的方向走了。 We study English under his direction.我们在他的指导下学习英语。 He did not give me any directions.他没有给我任何指示。 Before Pam made the cake she read the directions on the packet.帕姆在做
62、糕点之前看了一遍小包上的说明。 【知识小结】direction表示方向时,其前面常用介词in,意为“朝方向”。【相关链接】(1)direct adj.直接的,坦白的 adv.直接地;直达地 v.指示,指挥,命令;导演He went direct to the airport.他直接去机场。The officer directed that we stay where we were.那位军官命令我们原地不动。Who directed the film The Crouching Tiger,The Hidden Dragon?谁导演的卧虎藏龙？注意:direct后接宾语从句时,要用虚拟语气,动
63、词形式用“should+do（动词原形）”。(2)direction构成的短语：give directions 给予指示in all directions 四面八方;各方面in every direction 向各方面,向四面八方 in the direction of 朝方向under the direction of 在指导下directions for use 用法说明单项填空(1)How can I use this washing-machine?Well,just refer to the_.A.explanations B.expressionsC.introductions D
64、.directions提示:directions此处意为“指示;用法;说明书”。答案:D(2)Careful studies have pointed out that as many as 50 percent patients do not take drugs as_.A.directed B.expectedC.announced D.followed提示:as directed 意为“遵照医嘱”。答案:A(3)Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces have directed that all measures_for our defense.A
65、.had been taken B.would be takenC.be takenD.to be taken提示:direct此处表示“命令”,宾语从句用虚拟语气,此句的谓语要用动词原形be taken。答案:C(4)In the space,the slightest touch against something may send you flying_the opposite direction.A.to B.toward C.in D.for提示:in常与direction连用,表示“朝方向”。答案:C二、句型剖析1.either.or.要么要么【典型例句】Please either
66、 come in or go out.Dont stand there in the doorway.要么进来要么出去,不要站在门口。He must be either mad or drunk.他不是疯了,就是喝醉了。Either you or I am to blame for the accident.这起事故要么是你,要么是我该受到责备。Either youll come or Ill go to see you.要么你来这儿,要么我去看你。【知识小结】either.or.是并列连词词组,可连接并列的主语、谓语、宾语或表语,也可连接并列分句。连接并列主语时,谓语的数要遵照“就近原则”。
67、单项填充Do you know who has got the_for the summer camping?Who knows that!Either you or Daniel and Jimmy_so lucky!A.chance;isB.time;are C.chance;are D.time;is提示:句意:“你知道谁获得了去夏令营的机会吗?”“谁知道！要么是你要么是丹尼尔和吉米是幸运的。”or后面的主语是Daniel and Jimmy,所以谓语用复数形式。答案:C2.even if 即使【典型例句】I must find the lost child,even if it is
68、getting dark.即使天黑了,我也要找到那个丢失的孩子。Even if it rained heavily,we still marched on.即使大雨倾盆,我们还是继续前进。 【知识小结】even if意为“尽管;即使”,有退一步设想的意味,对所说的事实把握不大。与even though相同,都引导让步状语从句。单项填充When talking to a friend over the telephone,you feel that you are close_the actual distance is not shortened.A.so long asB.as if C.e
69、ven if D.as well as 提示:句意:当给朋友打电话时,你觉得你们是那样得近,即使实际的距离并没有缩短。答案:C3.not.everything.(部分否定句式)Not everyone likes his novel.并非人人都喜欢他的小说。Both methods are not practical.两种方法并非都可行。Such a thing is not found everywhere.这样的事情并非所有的地方都会见到。A man of learning is not always a man of wisdom.有学问的人并不一定都是有智慧的人。All that gl
70、itters is not gold.闪光的东西未必都是金子。【知识小结】当否定句中有every构成的合成词,或有all,always,both,completely,quite,entirely时,构成部分否定现象。单项填充Is the book interesting?Yes,but Im sure it wont interest_.A.everybodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.nobody提示:句意:“这本书有趣吗?”“是的,但我确信它不会使每个人都感兴趣。”根据句意选A项,此题也是一个部分否定。答案:A4.more than【典型例句】To me,he is mor
71、e than a teacher,he is a good friend of mine.对于我来说，他不只是教师，他也是我的好朋友。His whole school education added up to no more than three months.他的整个学校教育加起来不超过三个月。He is more brave than wise.他有勇无谋。The book seems to be more a picture book than a story book.这本书看来与其说是一本故事书，倒不如说是一本图画书。【知识小结】（1）用在名词前，意为“不只是，不仅仅”，相当于no
72、t only,表示程度或加强语气。（2）用在数词前，意为“比多”或“超过”。（3）用于比较状语从句，意为“比更”。（4）“与其倒不如”。句型转换(1)这部电影并不比那部电影有教育意义。That film is not instructive and this film is not instructive,either.=This film is_ _ instructive_that one.答案：no more;than单项填空(2)He is_a friend to me.He is in a way my English teacher.A.no more thanB.more tha
73、nC.not more thanD.nothing but提示：more than意为“不仅仅是”。答案：B5.such.as.和the same as【典型例句】We hope to get such a tool as he is using.我们希望弄到像他正在使用的一样的工具。We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.我们正面临几年前我们面临的问题。【知识小结】当先行词被such,或the same修饰或先行词本身就是such或the same时,定语从句要用as引导。这时as是关系代词,在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。【
74、相关链接】(1)such.as.与such.that.的区别:as引导定语从句,as要在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。that引导结果状语从句,that在从句中不作成分。He is such a good student as all the teachers like.他是那样一个老师们都喜欢的好学生。He is such a good student that all the teachers like him.他是那样一个好学生,以至于老师们都喜欢他。(2)the same.as和the same.that.的区别:as和that都引导定语从句,但是,as指相同的另一个；that则指同一个。
75、This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.这枝钢笔与我昨天丢失的那枝一样。（但不是同一枝）This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.这就是我昨天丢失的那枝钢笔。(3)the same 的其他用法:all/just the same 完全一样;无所谓;依旧be the same with.也一样The same is true of.也有同样情况,也适用于(The)same to you口我也这样祝愿你单项填空(1)He is such a lazy man_nobody wants to work with_.
76、A.that;/B.as;him C.whom;himD.as;/提示:as是关系代词在定语从句中作work with的宾语。如果用that,work with后面要有宾语him，为结果状语。答案:D(2)He was born in the same hospital_my brother was born.A.asB.where C./ D.that提示:句意:他和我哥哥在同一家医院里出生。where在从句中不能省略。as/that是关系代词,不能在从句中作状语。答案:B(3)I expect everything will turn out as you wish._.A.The sam
77、e to youB.All rightC.Id like toD.Certainly提示:此处对“祝您万事如意!”的答语可用:The same to you./So do I./Thanks very much.答案:A(4)Beijing was attacked by such a terrible sandstorm_few residents had ever experienced before.A.as B.which C.and it was D.that提示:as引导定语从句,同时作experienced的宾语。答案:A三、语法详解间接引语和直接引语()直接引语如果是祈使句，变
78、为间接引语时要把祈使句中的动词原形改为动词不定式。如果祈使句为否定句，变为间接引语时，不定式为否定式。在将直接引语变为间接引语时应特别注意以下几点。（1）转述表示命令、要求的祈使句，在变为间接引语时，除用“tell/order sb. to do”或“order that从句”结构外，还可用“tell/say that从句”表示。例如：“Use your knife,man!”ordered the British officer.The British officer told the man to use his knife.The British officer ordered the
79、man to use his knife.(2)转述表示建议、劝告的祈使句，在变为间接引语时可用“suggest+动名词”或“suggest+that从句（虚拟语气）”，这种用法在let祈使句中最为常见。例如：He said,“Lets leave the coats at home.”He suggested our leaving the coats at home.He suggested that we (should) leave the coats at home.（3）转述表示号召、鼓励的let祈使句，变为间接引语时除用“urge/advise sb. to do”结构外，还可用
80、“urge/advise+that从句（虚拟语气）”。例如：The strike leader said,“Lets show the bosses that we are united.”The strike leader urged the workers to show the bosses that they were united.The strike leader urged that the workers should show the bosses that they were united.(4)以let him/them开头的祈使句有时仅表示说话者要别人做某事，变间接引语
81、时，从句中用ought to或should。例如：“Its not my business,”said the man,“let the leader do something about it.”The man said that it wasnt his business and that the leader ought to/should do something about it.改直接引语(1)I ordered my boy to go home.I said to (ordered) my boy,“_”答案：Go home.(2)The doctor advised her
82、not to eat too much fat.The doctor said to her,“_”答案：Dont eat too much fat.(3)He asked me whether I had any difficulty.“_” he asked me.答案：Have you(Do you have) any difficulty?(4)He asked me if she was coming.He said (asked),“_”答案：Is she coming?(5)He asked me where I had been.He said (asked),“_”答案：Wh
83、ere have you been?(6)I asked her why she hadnt told me earlier.“_” I asked her.答案：Why didnt you tell me earlier?(7)He asked me how long it would take to go there by plane.He asked me,“_”答案：How long will it take to go there by plane?(8)He told me that Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12,1809.He t
84、old me (said to me),“_”答案：Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12,1890.课文回顾下面的一段文章为课文原文的浓缩,仔细阅读,根据原文章内容将其补充完整,并尽量背诵。English,which was only spoken by the people living in England in the_century,began to be spoken by other countries from the next century with the English colonists_to other countries a
85、round the world.As a result,there are a lot of countries who speak English as their_language,such as the U.S.,Canada,Australia and etc.There are also other countries speaking English as a foreign or_language,such as some south Asian countries and African counties,which was once_by Britain in history
86、.Though there are different Englishes in the world,the_speakers can have almost no difficulty in communicating with each other_they dont use_kind of English.However,sometimes they did have some trouble in understanding each others words,spelling,pronunciation and dialects.English is an all-the-time_
87、language,for example,The English of AD 450 to 1150,which is based on_was quite_the English spoken from 1150 to 1500,which is more based on_.Thanks to Shakespeares efforts,English had a big change in .American English got its own_with the help of Noah Webster.答案:16th;moving;first;second;ruled;native;even if;the same;changing;German;different from;French;usage;identity
