1、专题三定语从句1(2017北京，31)The little problems_we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.解析：本题考查定语从句。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小麻烦有可能成为伟大发明的灵感。题干中，The little problems是先行词，_we meet in our daily lives是定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，因此用that/which引导定语从句。答案：that/which2(2017天津，9)My eldest son，_work takes him all over
2、 the world，is in New York at the moment.解析：句意：我的大儿子现在在纽约，他的工作让他走遍世界各地。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词son，空格处在从句中作定语修饰work，所以要用关系代词whose。答案：whose3(2017江苏，28)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of_ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.解析：本题考查定语从句。句意：1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，这个组织的目标之一是减缓全球范围的饥荒。定语从句的先
3、行词是the World Food Programme，与定语从句中的purposes是所属关系，即the World Food Programmes purposes，故填whose。答案：whose4(2016北京卷，22)I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.解析：句意：我隔壁住着一对夫妻，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。先行词为a couple，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The_couples children often make a lot of noise.由此可见。先行词在定语从句中作定语
4、，故答案为whose。答案：whose5(2016天津卷，9)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，_ the weather may be better.解析：句意：我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。先行词为next week，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The weather may be better next_week.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。答案：when6(2016浙江卷，11)Scientists have advanced many theories abo
5、ut why human beings cry tears，none of _ has been proved.解析：句意：就人类为什么哭出眼泪科学家提出了许多理论，但没有一项理论得到过证明。先行词为theories，将先行词代入定语从句后为：None of the_theories has been proved.由此可见先行词(指“物”)在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，且介词of已被提前，故答案为which。答案：which7(2016江苏卷，23)Many young people，most of _ were welleducated，headed for remote regions
6、to chase their dreams.解析：句意：很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。先行词为young people，指人，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Most of the_young_people were welleducated.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，故答案为whom。答案：whom8(2015北京卷，24)Opposite is St.Pauls Church，_you can hear some lovely music.解析：句意：你们在对面的圣保罗教堂能听到一些动听的音乐。先行词为St.Pauls Church，将先
7、行词代入定语从句后为：You can hear some lovely music in_St.Pauls_Church.由此可知关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where。答案：where9(2015江苏卷，21)The number of smokers，_is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意：正如报道的那样，吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。先行词为整个主句的内容，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填as。as is reported正如报道的那样。答案：as10(2015天津
8、卷，15)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _his employees enjoy their work.解析：句意：该公司的老板在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，在这种氛围中，他的员工们可以享受工作的乐趣。先行词为atmosphere，将先行词代入定语从句后为：His employees enjoy their work in_the_easy_atmosphere.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故答案为where。答案：where11(2015安徽卷，28)Some experts think r
9、eading is the fundamental skill upon _school education depends.解析：句意：有些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。先行词为skill，将先行词代入定语从句后为：School education depends upon the_fundamental_skill.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作介词upon的宾语；本句中介词upon已被提前，故答案为which。答案：which12(2015福建卷，34)China Today attracts a worldwide readership，_shows that more and
10、 more people all over the world want to learn about China.解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意：今日中国吸引了世界各地的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词为设空处前的一句话，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故答案为which。答案：which13(2015湖南卷，29)It is a truly delightful place，_looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.解析：本题
11、考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方，它看上去和100年前的样子一样，有蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的村舍。先行词为place，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The_place looks the same as.。由此可见关系词在定语从句中作主语且指“事物”，故用which。答案：which14(2015陕西卷，15)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time _he should be able to be independent.解析：句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是期盼着他能够独立
12、的时候。先行词为time，将先行词代入定语从句后为：He should be able to be independent at_the_time.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。答案：when15(2015四川卷，3)The books on the desk，_covers are shiny，are prizes for us.解析：本题考查定语从句。句意：桌上那些封面闪闪发亮的书是我们的奖品。先行词为the books，与从句中的covers为所属关系，故答案为whose。答案：whose要点：1在限制性定语从句中which，who，whom都可用that代替。
13、关系代词作宾语时常被省略。2在非限制性定语从句中，或者当先行词是指人的those，anyone，everyone，people，he，all，few，one (s)等时，不能用that引导。3以下情况下一般用that：(1)当先行词是指物的all，little，few，much，any, anything，everything，nothing，none，the one时，或先行词被all，little，few，much，any，every，no等修饰时。(2)先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last，next)、最高级形容词及the only，the very等修饰时。
14、(3)先行词包括人和物时。4当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因(且只能是reason)等，且这些先行词在定语从句中作状语时，就分别用when、where、why来引导定语从句。另外，when，where，why一般可用“介词which”替代，其中reason后的why通常用for which替代。特别提醒：当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的词语时，不一定填关系副词when，where，why，只有当这些词在定语从句中作状语时，才用关系副词，否则要用关系代词。5当先行词是整个主句或主句的一部分时，这类非限制性定语从句只能由which或as来引导。两者的区别在于：(1)which引导的定语从句只能位于主
15、句后，而as引导的定语从句可位于主句前、中、后。(2)which常译作“这”；而as常译作“正如正像”，且多与see，expect，imagine，know，hope等动词连用。(3)在定语从句中作主语时，若用as，其谓语部分一般有be；若谓语是不含be的行为动词时，要用which。(4)as引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，而which不受此限制。(5)as常用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)；as we expected(不出所料)；as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)；as is known to all(众所周知)；
16、as has been said before(如上所述)；as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)；等等。6关系代词和关系副词的比较引导定语从句的关系代词及关系副词除了起连接先行词和从句的作用外，它们还有一个最重要的作用，那就是它们分别在定语从句中作成分。具体地说，关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。因此，在选择关系词时，最重要的是分析一下定语从句中的成分，若从句中缺主语、宾语或表语，那么必须用关系代词；若从句中缺状语，那么必须用关系副词。从句中的谓语动词决定了应该用关系代词和关系副词。谓语动词若是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；若
17、是不及物动词或系表结构则视为句子成分完整要用关系副词或“介词关系代词”。一、单句语法填空1(1)The house_he lives in needs repairing.(2)The library_I borrowed this book is not far from here.2(1)The exact year_Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(2)I still remember the day_we spent the Spring Festival in Zhengzhou.3(1)I work in
18、 a business_almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.(2)He wrote a letter_he explained what had happened in the accident.(3)Constant practice has removed my accent to a point_many people think Im a native speaker.4After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town_he grew up as
19、 a child.5I shall never forget those years_I lived in the country with the farmers.6The reason_I was away from school is that I was ill yesterday.7The next day, my brother and I went to the beach，_we watched some people play volleyball.8I cant find Mr. Smith.Where did you meet him this morning?It wa
20、s in the hotel _ he stayed.9_ was expected，he broke his promise once more，_ let his friends down.10The students are talking about the strange stories and persons _ they met in the adventure.1解析：先行词均为表示地点的名词，但句(1)空格处在从句中作介词in的宾语，句(2)空格处在从句中作状语。答案：that/which；where2解析：先行词都表示时间，句(1)中关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语，句
21、(2)中关系词在句中作状语。解答此类题，要区分清关系词在从句中所作的成分。答案：that/which；when3解析：在这三个句子中，先行词business“公司”，表示具体的地点，letter，point在句中都表示抽象意义的地点，故三句中均用关系副词where。答案：where；where；where4解析：先行词the small town表示地点，关系词在定语从句中作状语，应填where。答案：where5解析：先行词those years表示时间，空格处在定语从句中作状语，用when。答案：when6解析：先行词为The reason，空格处在定语从句中作原因状语，用why。答案：w
22、hy7解析：先行词为beach，非限制性定语从句中缺少状语，所以用where。答案：where8解析：答语为强调句式，该强调句式中空格后引导的定语从句是对先行词the hotel的修饰，且定语从句中stayed后缺少状语，故用where引导，相当于in which。答案：where/in which9解析：第一空用as引导非限制性定语从句，指代其后的一句话，as意为“正如”之意；第二空用which引导非限制性定语从句，这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有因果关系。答案：As；which10解析：先行词为指代人和物的the strange stories and persons，故定语从句的关系代
23、词用that。答案：that二、单句改错1Tom said the work would be done by October，when personally I doubt very much.2The Most Beautiful Village Teacher，hosted by CCTV，honors the teachers whom valuable contributions are worthy to be respected by every Chinese.3Have you ever dreamed of staging a concert，at where，thousa
24、nds of people are applauding and appreciating your music?4There are two rooms in the apartment，the smaller of them serves as a kitchen.5When I arrived，Mother took me to see the house which I would be staying.6Madame Curie，for whose life was hard at college，was a woman of strong characters and thats
25、why she made her mark in history.7I often meet with the occasion where someones name is on the tip of my tongue，but I cant say it out.8The reason why Tom invented for his being late for work made no sense to the manager.9At the foot of the mountain are thousands of bamboos，some of that can grow thre
26、e feet in twentyfour hours.10To my surprise，the young girl laughs the way which her mother did at the gate.1解析：先行词指代前面的整个句子，并在从句中作doubt的宾语，故用 which引导。when在定语从句中作时间状语。答案：whenwhich2解析：定语从句的先行词为the teachers，定语从句的主语为_ valuable contributions，与contributions构成所有关系，故用关系代词whose引导。答案：whomwhose3解析：非限制性定语从句修饰先行
27、词concert，并在从句中作状语，表示地点，故用at which，相当于where。答案：wherewhich4解析：which指代前面的the apartment，置于介词后的关系代词指代物时只能用which。如果加上连词and则用them。答案：themwhich5解析：先行词为the house，定语从句中staying后缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。答案：whichwhere6解析：本题定语从句的先行词是Madame Curie，根据从句的句子结构“life was hard for.”可知用for whom，意为“对来说”。答案：whosewhom7解析：定语从句修饰先
28、行词the occasion，并在从句中作状语，表示时间，故用when。where在从句中表示地点。答案：wherewhen8解析：reason后的从句为定语从句，该定语从句中invented后缺少宾语，故用that或which。why只能作原因状语。答案：why(that/which)9解析：介词后的关系代词指代物时只能用which，不能用that。答案：thatwhich10解析：先行词为表示“方式；方法”的the way，从句缺少状语，引导定语从句的关系词用that或者in which，也可以省略。答案：whichthat或which前加in或将which去掉三、语法填空(2017岳阳四
29、校联考)Examinations are of great 1._(important)in Chinese schools and universities，so millions of students take part in them every year.Almost all the students 2._(teach)from an early age to understand the nature of examinations.It is true that some students can pass an examination 3._(easy)than others
30、，although it doesnt mean they are better with their study.Quite a few students are afraid of examinations though they master what they 4._(learn)very well.Sometimes the fear of examinations comes from pressure.People think pressure is good for students 5._it can make the students 6._(try)harder and
31、make some schools more challenging.But too much pressure may cause stress or even diseases,7._will not be good for the students benefits.No student succeeds 8._hard work.If one spends little time working on their lessons every day，they cant expect a good result at the end of the term.9._(develop)stu
32、dy skills can get students to learn better and to pass examinations with ease if they understand the lessons and the work 10._ (involve)语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，就有关考试的概况、考试带来的压力以及学习策略等进行了说明。1解析：考查名词。句意：在中国学校里考试很重要。此处考查beofn.句型；be of great importance相当于be greatly important。答案：importance2解析：考查时态和语态。句意：几乎所有的学生在很小的
33、时候都会被教育去理解考试的本质。全文时态以现在时态为主，同时teach与students之间为动宾关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。答案：are taught3解析：考查比较级。句意：一些学生能比其他学生更轻松地通过考试，这是事实。根据than判断要用比较级；在该句中需要用副词修饰pass，所以用more easily。答案：more easily4解析：考查时态。句意：相当多的学生虽然对已经学习的内容掌握得很好，但他们仍旧害怕考试。learn这一动作发生在master之前，且强调对现在的影响，故用现在完成时。答案：have learned5解析：考查连词。句意：人们认为压力对学生来说是有好处
34、的，因为压力可以使他们更加努力。根据语境可知，这里应用as或because引导原因状语从句。答案：as/because6解析：考查非谓语动词。参见上题解析。try在句中作宾补，make表示“使，让”时要用不带to的动词不定式作宾补。答案：try7解析：考查定语从句。句意：但是太多的压力会导致紧张甚至疾病，这对学生的利益来讲不好。分析句子结构可知，此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“stress or even diseases”。答案：which8解析：考查介词。句意：没有学生不努力学习就会成功。本句是一个双重否定句，表肯定的意思，即“所有学生都是靠努力学习获得成功的”。答案：w
35、ithout9解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：培养学习技能可以让学生更好地学习。该句少主语，动词原形不能作主语，所以要用动名词作主语。答案：Developing10解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：如果他们理解了相关的课程和任务。the lessons and the work与involve之间是被动关系，所以用involve的过去分词形式involved，这里的involved在句中作后置定语。答案：involved四、短文改错(17沈阳二中期中)Different attitudes lead to different results.Those who take positive attitud
36、e towards work will be rewarded.Taking Li Kang as an example. He is my classmate.He put his heart into study，and he had become a top student.With his hard work，he will succeed in entering into his ideal university.Besides，Liu Qiang，also my classmate，never cares about his study because he is addict t
37、o playing games.He turns a deaf ear to the teachersadvices. As a result，he falls far behind others in her study.In my opinion，attitude is everything.No matter how you do，you must do it well even if you may fail many times.答案：Different attitudes lead to different results.Those who takepositive attitu
38、de towards work will be rewarded. Li Kang as an example.He is my classmate.Hehis heart into study，and hebecome a top student.With his hard work，he will succeed in entering into his ideal university.， Liu Qiang，also my classmate，never cares about his study because he isto playing games.He turns a dea
39、f ear to the teachers.As a result, he falls far behind others in study.In my opinion，attitude is everything.No matteryou do，you must do it well even if you may fail many times.第一处：take后加a。句意：那些对工作持积极态度的人是会获得回报的。take a positive attitude towards.是固定搭配，意思是“对持积极的态度”。第二处：TakingTake。句意：拿李康举例说明。分析句式可知，这里应用
40、祈使句，故把Taking改为Take。第三处：putputs。句意：他全身心投入学习。根据上下文可知，这里应用一般现在时，同时主语为第三人称单数，故把put改为puts。第四处：hadhas。句意：并且他已经成为一名尖子生。根据语境可知，短文的基本时态是现在时，故这里应用现在完成时。第五处：删掉into。句意：他将成功地进入自己理想的大学。enter表“考上(学校或大学)”时是及物动词，故该词后面不加into。第六处：BesidesHowever。句意：然而，刘强，也是我的同学，从来不关心自己的学习。根据上下文语境可知，这里应为转折关系，故用However。第七处：addictaddicted。句意：他沉溺于玩游戏。be addicted to.是固定搭配，意思是“沉溺于”。第八处：advicesadvice。句意：他从来不听从老师的建议。advice是不可数名词，故把advices改为advice。第九处：herhis。句意：结果，在学业上他远远落后于其他人。根据上文，刘强是男生，故此处把her改为his。第十处：howwhat。句意：不管你做什么，你必须把它做好。分析句子成分可知，让步状语从句中do缺少宾语，故用what。
