1、Unit4Looking good feeling good Section B【重点陈列】v 重点词汇1.attackn.发作;攻击;抨击vi.& vt.攻击;侵袭;抨击2.pressure n. 心理压力;紧张;压力;要求,催促3.contribute vi.& vt. 是的原因之一,捐赠,捐献;增加,添加记忆力4.memory n. 记性;记忆,回忆5.plasticadj.可塑的;塑料的n.塑料6.surgeryn.外科手术7.additionn.增加,添加;加法8.amountn.数量9.schedulen.日程安排,工作计划;时间表10.negativeadj.消极的,负面的;坏的
2、,有害的;否定的11.treatment n.治疗;对待,待遇;处理 v 重点短语1.in addition此外2.in the short/ long term从短期/长期看3.plastic surgery 整形手术;整形外科【重点词汇归纳拓展】1.In the short term,people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating.短期内,有睡眠问题的人经常感到疲劳,并且难以集中注意力。(P48)【词汇精讲】在本句中in the short term意为“从短期看”。In the shor
3、t term we will lose money,but in the long term we will make a profit.短期内我们会亏损,但从长远看我们会盈利的。【词汇拓展】in relative terms相对而言in the long/short run从长/短期看in terms of 就来说;从角度;在方面in general/practical/financial terms 从总体/实际/经济角度be on bad/good/friendly terms with 与不和睦/和睦/友好In terms of money he is rich,but not in
4、terms of happiness.从金钱角度上看,他很富有,但从幸福角度则不然。 2.Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems.大城市的噪音污染和光污染也可能导致睡眠问题。(P48)【词汇精讲】在本句中contribute用作动词,意为“是的原因之一”,还可以意为“捐赠,捐献;增加,添加”。I have contributed several articles to the magazine,but none of them have been publis
5、hed.我已经给杂志投了好几篇文章,可一篇也没发表过【词汇拓展】make a contribution/contributions to对做出贡献contribute vi.&vt.捐献;捐助contribute to有助于;捐献;导致;投稿contribute sth to.把某物捐献给 The two-week exchange activities contributed to a better understanding between us.这两周的交流活动促进了我们之间更好地了解。The economists have made important contributions to
6、 the field of financial and corporate economics.经济学家们在金融和企业经济学领域做出了重要的贡献。 3.Everyone knows that the amount of quality sleep that we get is important to us.每个人都知道高质量睡眠时间对我们很重要。(P49)【词汇精讲】在本句中amount用作名词,意为“数量”,the amount of意为“的数量”(修饰不可数名词)。She was quite positive about the amount of money involved.她对所涉
7、及的钱数十分肯定。【词汇拓展】(1)a large amount of和large amounts of 的意思相同,它们之后都只能带不可数名词,但large amounts of短语作主语时,谓语应用复数。(2)只能修饰不可数名词,表示“许多;大量”的表达:a great deal of,a large amount of,amounts of,quite a little,a large sum of,much。(3)只能修饰可数名词,表示“许多,大量”的表达:a large/great/good number of,a good/great many,dozens of,scores o
8、f,quite a few,many a。(4)既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词,表示“许多;大量”的表达:plenty of,a lot of,lots of,a quantity of,quantities of。 4.In the long term,they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory,being overweight and suffering a heart attack.从长远来看,他们可能会增加记忆力差、超重和心脏病发作的风险。(P48)【词汇精讲】句中的attack是可数名词,意为“攻击,发作;抨击”。att
9、ack也可作及物或不及物动词,意为“攻击;抨击;侵袭”。The man insisted that he was just defending himself when attacked.那个人坚持说当受到攻击时他只是在自卫。【词汇拓展】under attack受到攻击attack sb with sth用攻击某人make an attack on/upon.对发动进攻When an animal is under attack,it can run away or fight back.动物遭到攻击时,要么逃走要么反击。 5.Mr Wilson is very happy with the
10、treatment.威尔逊先生对这种治疗很满意。(P50)【词汇精讲】在本句中treatment 用作名词,意为“治疗”,还可以意为“对待,待遇;处理”。Unfortunately,they face unfair treatment and discrimination in that country.不幸的是,他们在那个国家遭到了不公平对待和歧视。【词汇拓展】treat v.治疗;对待,款待treat.as. 把当作一样看待treat sb well/badly对某人好/不好give sb sth as a treat 用某物招待某人treat sb/oneself to sth 以某物款
11、待某人Which doctor is treating you for your illness?哪个医生在给你看病? 6.The operation was a great success.手术非常成功。(P50)【词汇精讲】在本句中operation用作名词,意为“手术”,还可以意为“运转,操作”。Doctors performed an emergency operation for appendicitis last night.医生昨晚为阑尾炎做了紧急手术。The operation of this machine is simple.这个机器的操作很简单。【词汇拓展】(1)have
12、 an operation(病人)接受手术come into operation付诸实施in operation操作中,运转中;生效perform an operation(医生)动手术(2)operate v.操作;运作;动手术operate on 给动手术operator n.(操作机器的)工作者;操作员;接线员The machine has been operating well since I got it repaired last year.自从我去年请人修好后,这台机器一直运转良好。I dont want to be operated on by the butcher! 我不想
13、让这个屠夫给我做手术! 7.In addition,Miss Edwards says the surgery makes her look unnatural and that she is unable to make certain facial expressions.此外,爱德华兹小姐说,手术让她看起来不自然,她无法做出某些面部表情。(P50)【词汇精讲】addition是名词,意为“添加;加法;增加物”。Addition and division are forms of computation.加法和除法都是计算方法。This is a fine book,a worthy ad
14、dition to the Cambridge Encyclopedia series.这是一本好书,对剑桥百科全书系列是一个很好的补充。A newborn child is often called an addition to the family.人们常把新生的婴儿称作家庭中新添的一员。【词汇拓展】in addition此外in addition to除之外additional adj.额外的In addition,we should learn how to get along well with others.此外,我们应该学着如何和别人融洽相处。【语法归纳】1.关系副词引导的定语从
15、句(1)where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。I would like to live in a country where there is less air pollution.我想居住在一个空气污染少的国家。 (2)when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。I will always remember the day when I was admitted into the university.我将永远记得我被大学录取的那一天。 (3)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。The reason why he has had such success is that he never
16、 gives up.他取得那么大的成功的原因是他从不放弃。The reason why he failed the exam was that he didnt study hard.他考试失败的原因是他学习不努力。 (4)当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词或reason时,关系词用when,where,why还是which/that要看关系词在句中所作的成分来决 定,作状语时要用when,where,why,作宾语、主语时要用that或which。Is this the reason that he told you about his absence?这就是他告诉你的他缺席的原因吗?The b
17、uilding which is being painted is our library.正在粉刷的大楼是我们的图书馆。 (5)当先行词是一些表示地点的抽象名词,如:situation,point,stage,position等时,如果关系词在从句中作状语,常用where或“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。The country has reached a stage where they export goods on a large scale.这个国家达到大规模出口商品的阶段。Soon they came to a point where the river divided.很快他们就到
18、了河流分岔处。 2.“介词(短语)+关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词(短语)+关系代词”也可引导定语从句,在句中作时间、地点和原因状语,代替相应的关系副词when,where和why。“介词(短语)+ 关系代词”表示地点时,有时句子需要用完全倒装形式。I still remember the day on which(= when) I entered primary school.我仍然记得我上小学的那一天。The man to whom I had a talk just now is my friend.刚才和我谈话的那个男人是我的朋友。This is the gym in which (
19、=where) they used to work out.这就是他们过去锻炼的体育馆。Can you tell me the reason for which (=why) he got angry?你能告诉我他生气的原因吗?注意:在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,介词的选用可根据下列三方面去考虑:(1)根据先行词的习惯搭配或意义来考虑。The farm on which they worked ten years ago has changed a great deal.(先行词The farm在从句中作地点状语,“在农场”常用on the farm,故用on which,相当于whe
20、re)十年前他们工作过的那个农场变化很大。Do you still remember the day on which we visited the DaiTemple?(先行词the day在从句中作时间状语,on which相当于when)你还记得我们一起参观岱庙的那天吗?(2)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来考虑。This is the library from which I often borrow.(介词from依据borrow from这一常见搭配而定)这就是我经常借书的图书馆。Have you met the person to whom I referred yesterday?(介词to依据refer to而定)你见到过我昨天提到的那个人吗?(3)根据句子的具体含义来考虑。The pen with which he is writing now was bought yesterday.他现在写字用的那支钢笔是昨天买的。(with which表示“使用工具”)He made a hole in the wall,through which he could see what was happening outside.他在墙上钻了个孔,通过这个孔他可以看到外面所发生的事情。(through which指“通过”)
