1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。必修2Unit 4Cyberspace 主题: 人与社会子话题: 科技与技术对应教材: 必修2Unit 4Cyberspace; 必修3Unit 9Wheels; 选修7Unit 20New Frontiers. 细品味经典文章(2019全国卷)As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologieslike
2、fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though. Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(
3、节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities
4、, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right. It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently. In a stud
5、y describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should
6、be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. . 按要求完成任务1. 写出文章中与科技相关的单词和短语。data and identity theft, fingerprint scans, e-spaces, a smart keyboard, type, password2. 写出文章中的优美句式。(1)Thus, the keyb
7、oard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right. (2)It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with. (3)Data collected from the d
8、evice could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. . 重点词汇1. focus vt. &vi. 集中注意; (使聚焦) n. 焦点, 聚焦; (活动兴趣)中心, 集中点【典型例句】If you focus your attention on your study, I am sure you will make greater progress. 如果你专注于学习, 我相信你会取得更大的进步。【词块必记】(1)focus on
9、聚焦于; 专注于focus ones eyes on 凝视; 注意focus ones attention on集中注意力于focus ones mind on把心思集中到上(2)in focus焦距对准, 清晰out of focus焦距没对准, 模糊【巧学助记】 集中注意力于focus【语境速测】 单句语法填空Some parents focus more on childrens academic performances, ignoring the education of survival skills. With your attention fully focused (focu
10、s)on the cell phone, perhaps, you will fail to notice the traffic around you. The book focuses (focus) on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? 一句多译他当时正集中精力阅读。He was focusing his attention on reading at that time. (focus)=He was fixing his attention on reading at that time. (f
11、ix)=He was absorbed in reading at that time. (absorb)=He was lost in reading at that time. (lose)=He was concentrating his attention on reading at that time. (concentrate)【知识拓展】 表示“专心于”的同义词组还有: concentrate onfix ones attention onbe lost inbe absorbed inbe buried inbe devoted to2. harm vt. & n. 伤害, 损
12、害【典型例句】Littering and scribbling do great harm to the image of our school. 乱丢垃圾, 乱涂乱画严重损害了我们学校的形象。【词块必记】mean no harm=not mean any harm无恶意There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事无害处(2)harmfuladj. 有害的be harmful to. 对有害【巧学助记】【知识拓展】对比记忆派生短语abilityones ability to doablebe able to dosuccessones success insuccess
13、fulbe successful in【语境速测】 单句语法填空For another thing, smoking does great harm to our health, so these candies can serve as an alternative or a doctor. If you want to solve the problem in this way, there is no harm in calling(call) her. 同义句转换Soaps and other wastes can harm waterways, so be careful that
14、your washing water doesnt pollute the sea, lakes and rivers. Soaps and other wastes can do harm to/be harmful to/be bad for waterways, so be careful that your washing water doesnt pollute the sea, lakes and rivers. 【写作金句】As the legend tells, fire is prohibited during the Qingming Festival, so people
15、 come to join some sports activities to keep warm and avoid harms caused by cold dishes. 相传清明节要禁火, 为了取暖和防止寒食冷餐伤身, 所以大家来参加一些体育活动。3. settle vt. &vi. 安放; 安居, 定居; 解决【典型例句】Besides watching lanterns, it is also a day to appreciate the full moon, settle lantern riddles, watch art performances and eat tang
16、yuan, dumpling balls made of glutinous rice, usually with sweet fillings. 除了看灯, 它(元宵节)也是赏月、猜灯谜、看艺术表演、吃汤圆/元宵的好时候。汤圆是用糯米来做的, 通常包着甜馅。【词块必记】(1)settle down 安下心来; 定居下来; 舒适地坐下settle down to sth. 安下心来做某事; 开始认真对待某事settle in/into安顿下来; 逐渐适应(新环境、工作等)settle on决定, 选定; 停留, 降落(2)settlementn. 解决; 定居地; 协议reach a sett
17、lement达成协议(3)settledadj. 不变的, 稳定的; 固定的(4)settlern. 定居者【熟词生义】I settled the bill for my coffee and his two glasses of wine. (v. 结账) 【语境速测】 单句语法填空 Refugees settling (settle) in Britain suffer from a number of problems. Theyd like to see their daughter settle (settle)down, get married and have kids. The
18、y settled down to a serious discussion over coffee. 完成句子They failed to reach a settlement(没有达成协议), because they disagreed too much with each other. Dont just waste your precious time; settle down to some reading or something(坐下来读点书或者做点别的什么事). 【写作金句】If you want to improve a subject that you are weak
19、in, you should settle down to it, and be persistent. You will succeed in time. 如果你想提升你的弱科, 那么你应该专心于这个学科, 持之以恒。你终将会成功。4. view n. 景色, 风景视野; 观点意见vt. 眺望; 观察; 观看; 看作【典型例句】The view from our window was one of beautiful green countryside. 从我们的窗口能看见一片美丽的绿色田园风光。【词块必记】(1)come into view进入视野, 出现在眼前in ones view=i
20、n the view of sb. 在某人看来in view of鉴于, 考虑到from. point of view从观点来看have a good view of清楚地看到, 饱览(2)view. as把视为不一样的“风景” 【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. (视野) A baby will come to accept the idea that
21、 other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has. (观点, 见解)完成句子In my view/From my point of view, if you want to learn English well, you need to do more listening, speaking, reading and writing. 在我看来, 如果你想学好英语, 你需要多听、多说、多读、多写。【文化金句】Chinese view of Cao Cao mainly comes from th
22、e Ming Dynasty novelist Luo Guanzhongs The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. 中国人对曹操的评价主要源于明代小说家罗贯中所著的三国演义。5. affect vt. 影响, 起作用; 感动, 打动; (疾病)感染, 侵袭【典型例句】The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack. It not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten peoples lives. 交通问题是一个很难解决的难题。它不仅影响我们的日常生活, 还可能
23、威胁人们的生命。【词块必记】(1)be affected with a high fever发高烧affect sb. to tears把某人感动得流泪be greatly/deeply affected by被深深打动(2)effectn. 效果; 影响have an effect on对产生影响【语境速测】 单句语法填空The football players have spent dozens of days in the military camp with the soldiers, which has an effect on them. If seriously affected
24、 (affect), houses of the ordinary kind might suddenly crumble, causing loss of lives. 句式升级The audience were deeply affected, and they warmly applauded for a long time. Deeply affected, the audience warmly applauded for a long time. (非谓语动词作状语) The audience, who were deeply affected, warmly applauded
25、for a long time. (定语从句). 核心短语6. get in touch取得联系【典型例句】I tried to get in touch with him, but unfortunately, I dont have his address and cant connect with him. 我试着和他联系, 但不幸的是, 我没有他的地址, 无法和他联系。【词块必记】be in touch/contact (with) 与有联系be out of touch/contact (with)与没有联系stay/keep in touch/contact (with)与保持联系
26、lose touch/contact (with)与失去联系【语境速测】 单句语法填空Get in touch with me without hesitation if necessary. Government ministers are often being accused of being out of touch with life. 完成句子They have been out of touch with each other since their graduation from college. 大学毕业之后他们就失去联系了。【写作金句】 Those who are inte
27、rested in the job please get in touch with us as soon as possible by telephone or e-mail. 对这份工作感兴趣的人, 请用电话或者电子邮件尽快和我们取得联系。7. be up to做, 从事于; 多达, 达到(数量/规格); 胜任; 直到为止; 取决于, 由决定; 是的责任【典型例句】Up to twenty thousand students paid between five and six thousand dollars. 多达20 000名学生支付了5 000到6 000美元。【词块必记】(1)up
28、 to sth. 做, 忙于; 多达; 胜任; 直到为止up to sb. 由某人决定, 是某人的责任It is up to sb. to do sth. 由某人决定做某事live up to达到的标准; 不辜负(2)Whats up? 怎么了? 【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义Im afraid Tim just isnt up to the job. (胜任) Up to six hundred people attended the meeting. (多达)She continued to care for her father up to the time of his death.
29、 (直到)【写作金句】However, if you dont have spare time for this trip, it is fine. Its just up to you. 不过, 如果你没有时间去旅行, 也没关系。这取决于你。8. be known as被认为是【典型例句】The disease is more commonly known as Mad Cow Disease. 这种疾病更通俗的名称是疯牛病。【词块必记】be known for因为而出名be known to sb. 为某人所熟知be well known出名as is known to all众所周知【语
30、境速测】 单句语法填空It is known to us that China is making great progress in the development of economy. The West Lake is known to us all for its beauty. 完成句子 As is known to all/ As we all know (众所周知), high school life is an important turning point and high school campus is an important place where students
31、study and live. . 经典句式9. It is clear that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet. 很明显, 我们将会看到网上购物的大幅度增长。【典型例句】It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. 婴儿出生时可能并不知道宇宙的这一基本事实; 他们也没有清楚地学习过。【句型公式】(1)在“It is+
32、adj. +that从句(或动词不定式等)”结构中, it作形式主语代替后面that引导的主语从句(或动词不定式等)。(2)it代替从句作形式主语的常见句型有: It is/was+adj. (clear, obvious, true, possible, necessary, natural, important. )+that. It is/was+n. (a pity, a shame, no wonder. )+that. It is/was+过去分词(said, reported, suggested, requested, ordered. )+that. It seems/hap
33、pened/appears/occurred/doesnt matter/makes no difference+that. 【语境速测】 单句语法填空Therefore, it is important that we should form good habits when we study. It is natural that young girls at your age hope to look beautiful. 一句多译很显然, 对某些人来说, 孩子的出生会使他们失去自由。 Its obvious that, to some, the birth of a baby will
34、 be at the expense of their freedom. =Obviously, to some, the birth of a baby will be at the expense of their freedom. 【写作金句】It is clear that bicycle riding can bring us many benefits, such as relieving pressure on the downtown transportation, making less noise and air pollution and so forth. 很明显, 骑
35、自行车会为我们带来很多益处, 比如, 缓解城区交通压力, 降低噪音和空气污染等。【误区释疑】在以上句型中, 如果从句内容只是简单地陈述事实, 谓语动词用陈述语气; 如果从句内容并不是陈述事实, 而是表达某种强烈的情感(要求、建议、命令、责备、惋惜、吃惊等), 谓语动词用虚拟语气, 即“(should +)do”形式。10. Some experts see our future in virtual realitythe use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you are in a real si
36、tuation. 有些专家看到了虚拟现实中我们的未来计算机通过声音和图像使你感到你仿佛置身于一个真实的情境中。【典型例句】The house seemed muted, hushed as if it had been deserted. 房子里似乎悄然无声, 安静得好像已经没人在住一样。【句型公式】(1)as if/though可以引导表语从句或方式状语从句。(2)如果as if/though引导的从句表示实现的可能性很小或与事实相反, 则从句用虚拟语气: 与现在的事实相反谓语动词使用过去式(be的过去式一律使用were) 与过去的事实相反谓语动词使用过去完成式表示将来情况发生的可能性小谓语
37、动词用“would/could/might+动词原形” (3)as if/though引导状语从句时, 如果状语从句含有be动词, 且其主语与主句主语一致, 则可省略其中的主语和be动词。【语境速测】 单句语法填空It was Peter who broke the vase. Why are you talking as if I had done (do) it? Though the local villagers were poor, they offered their clothes and food as if I were (be) their own family. 句型转换
38、The boy walked around the playground again and again as if he was looking for something. The boy walked around the playground again and again as if looking for something. They were talking in a whisper as if they were saying something secret. They were talking in a whisper as if saying something sec
39、ret. 【写作金句】The boy caught cheating yesterday acted as if nothing had happened. 昨天被发现作弊的那个男孩表现得好像什么也没发生过。【备选要点】1. likely adj. 有可能的adv. (与most, very 连用)可能【典型例句】Tickets are likely to be expensive. 入场券可能很贵。【词块必记】(1)sb. /sth. be likely to do sth. 某人/某物可能做某事(2)Its likely that. 是可能的(3)not likely不可能【易混辨析】li
40、kely表示某事很可能发生, 与probable意思相近, 主语可以是人也可以是物。常用“It is likely that. ”或“sb. /sth. be likely to do sth. ”possible可能性相对小, 作表语时, 主语不能是人。常用“It is possible for sb. to do sth. ”或“It is possible that. ”probable带有“很可能”的意味, 语气比possible强, 作表语时不能用人或不定式作主语。常用“It is probable that. ”【巧学助记】不一样的可能【语境速测】 单句语法填空People who
41、 are addicted to fast food are more likely to suffer (suffer) from various life-threatening diseases. It is likely that personal information could be let out and money stolen. 完成句子People are likely to forget their own tradition and culture(可能忘记他们自己的传统和文化) if they focus too much on foreign festivals.
42、 Physically active children are more likely to become active and healthy adults. (更有可能成长为积极健康的成年人)一句多译如果继续吸烟, 你的身体健康会受到损害。You are likely to suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. =It is likely that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. 【写作金句】When teens use social media, they are
43、likely to have trouble concentrating on their schoolwork. 当青少年使用社交媒体的时候, 他们可能会难以集中注意力于学习。2. reject vt. 拒绝, 不接收【典型例句】Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place. I managed to persuade my classmates not to reject my idea. We did have a good time that day.
44、 我的大多数同学想去公园, 而我却想到了一个更好的地方。我设法说服同学们接受我的想法。那天我们确实玩得很开心。【易混辨析】reject语气比refuse强, 后面通常只接名词或代词, 意为“摒弃, 拒绝接受, 不予考虑”refuse是普通用词, 语气比decline强, 指态度坚决、肯定无疑地拒绝。可用名词、代词或不定式作宾语decline指婉言谢绝有关社交活动的邀请或请求等【语境速测】 单句语法填空There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject (reject) someone who m
45、ight disappoint my customers. John had been rejected (reject) by a number of universities when he received an e-mail from the University of California last month. 完成句子I made it clear to him that I rejected his proposal. 我清楚地告诉他, 我拒绝了他的建议。【写作金句】 It is up to you to accept or reject the proposals. 接受或是
46、拒绝这些建议由你决定。3. fancy vt. (非正式)想要做; 幻想 n. 幻想; 喜好 adj. 花哨的【典型例句】 She makes most of her own clothes, copying any fashion which takes her fancy. 她大部分的衣服是模仿中意的时装自己做的。【词块必记】(1)have a fancy for/take a fancy to. 喜欢have a lively fancy有丰富的想象力(2)fancy doing sth. 想象做某事, 竟然做某事I fancy. =I bet/guess. 我想fancy onesel
47、f (as) sth. 自以为, 自命为(3)fancy clothes/diving/fresh fruits/prices新奇的服装/花式跳水/特级新鲜水果/高昂的价格【语境速测】 单句语法填空Surely as a woman she has simply taken a fancy to the place. She fancies herself as another Madonna. 句式转换As middle school students, we often imagine studying in our favorite universities. As middle sch
48、ool students, we often fancy studying in our favorite universities. 【写作金句】I was informed that our school Ping-pong Team is looking for new members among us students. I know you show great fancy in ball games, especially ping-pong. 我听说我们学校的乒乓球队正在从我们学生中招新队员。我知道你很喜欢球类运动, 尤其是乒乓球。4. suggestion n. 建议, 提议【
49、典型例句】Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China. 鉴于你对中国文化的浓厚兴趣, 我建议你申请中国最好的大学之一北京大学。【词块必记】(1)make/offer/give a suggestion建议, 提议ask for a suggestion征求建议(2)suggestvt. 建议; 暗示; 表明suggest doing sth. 建议做某事suggest (that)s
50、b. /sth. (should) do sth. 建议做【误区释疑】suggest 表示“暗示, 表明”时, 其主语往往是事物, 而不是人。这时suggest后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。【语境速测】 单句语法填空The smile on her face suggested that she was(be) very satisfied with what we had done. He suggested dealing (deal) with the problem in another way. 一句多译他建议我们步行去那里。He suggested that we (should) g
51、o there on foot. He made a suggestion that we (should) go there on foot. 【写作金句】 I suggest you ask him some specific questions about his past. 我建议你问问他有关他的过去的一些具体问题。5. average adj. 平均的, 普通的, 平常的n. 平均数, 一般水平, 中等 【典型例句】On average, each student reads 5. 34 books, which is definitely not adequate. 平均来说, 每
52、个学生读5. 34本书, 这肯定是不够的。【词块必记】on (the) average平均而言; 一般来说above/below (the) average 高于/低于平均水平an average of. 平均数为up to the average达到一般水平【语境速测】 单句语法填空On average each report requires 1, 000 hours to prepare. It takes an average of ten weeks for a house sale to be completed. 语段填空The average working hours for
53、 most teachers are over 10 hours a day in most areas. On average, their salary is above the average. Most of them have an average of 5, 000 yuan a month. 很多地区的大多数老师平均每天的工作时间超过了10个小时。一般来说, 他们的收入高于平均水平。他们中的大多数平均每月有5 000元。. 单句语法填空1. ( 2020全国卷)Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, rese
54、arch shows, while most likely (like) contributing to fewer injuries. 2. (2020全国卷)These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful (harm) chemicals in groundwater. 3. (2020全国卷)Its this strange form that makes race
55、walking such an attractive (attract) activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. 4. (2020全国卷)Official (office) reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325, 000
56、 in 2001 to 419, 000 in 2013. 5. (2020全国卷)As we travel south from Madrid with Prof. Ronald Messier to historic Toledo, Roman Merida and into Andalucia, we explore historical (history) monuments and architecture. . 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点, 请按要求补全短文, 并背诵体会黑体部分用法。One day, Tom 1. got(get)in to
57、uch with one of his good friends Linda. She 2. is known(know)as a writer and 3. has settled(settle)in the suburbs. Nowadays, she is focusing her attention on 4. writing(write) a new novel about cyberspace, which consists 5. of six sections. Tom told Linda that he would take 6. over his fathers compa
58、ny soon. Whats more, he would take immediate action 7. to realize (realize) his dream. 8. It is clear that he is going to make the business bigger and stronger. His father told him if he kept the business 9. running(run) smoothly, he would travel abroad as if his grandfather had done so. In the view
59、 of Linda, Tom should hang 10. on until he succeeds. . 短文改错(2020全国卷)Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. My mom told me how to preparing it. First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside. Next I broke
60、 the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove. I waited patiently unless the oil was hot. Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together. “Not that way, ” my mom tried to stop us but failed. She was right. It di
61、dnt turn out as I had wished. 【文章大意】本文是记叙文。文章介绍了我第一次做西红柿炒鸡蛋的经历。答案: 1. 【解析】第一句: simply simple。修饰名词要用形容词。2. 【解析】第二句: frying fried。tomatoes with eggs与fry存在逻辑上的动宾关系, 故用过去分词作定语。3. 【解析】第二句: 去掉must后的to。must是情态动词, 后须跟动词原形。4. 【解析】 第三句: preparing prepare。 how to do sth. 如何做某事。5. 【解析】第四句: but and。句意: 首先我把西红柿切成
62、片并把它们放在一边。cut与put是并列关系。6. 【解析】 第五句: chopstick chopsticks。根据常识, 中国人用筷子时, 一般用一双, 故chopstick要改成复数。7. 【解析】第六句: off on。turn on 打开。turn off关闭。把油倒进锅里后, 应该是打开炉子。8. 【解析】第七句: unless until/till。unless意为“除非”; until或till 意为“直到为止”。句意: 我耐心地等到油热为止。9. 【解析】第八句: pan前加the。此处指把打好的鸡蛋倒进锅里面。因上文提到了pan, 所以此处为特指, 指代上文提到的pan。1
63、0. 【解析】第九句: us me。根据上文可知, 作者在尝试做西红柿炒鸡蛋, 所以说妈妈想阻止“我”, 而不是“我们”。核心素养培养学生的科技素养、科学思想, 培养学生客观、求真、合作、竞争等科学精神及创新能力高考链接2020全国卷阅读理解D; 2020全国卷语法填空; 2019全国卷阅读理解C; 2019全国卷阅读理解D; 2019全国卷阅读理解D; 2019全国卷完形填空. 话题与阅读理解(2020全国卷阅读理解D)The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific resear
64、ch. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the
65、 Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step furtherchanging the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can d
66、etect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day, ”explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using som
67、e common vegetables. Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered str
68、eet lamps. In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plants lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lightin
69、g accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and
70、 therefore help save energy. 【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了科学家运用高科技改造绿色植物从而达到节能减排的科学探索。1. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. A new study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates. C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants. 【解析】选D。段落大意题。根据第一段最后两句“例如, 在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究
71、发现, 城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中发现, 员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰后, 他们的工作效率会提高15%。”可知, 本段主要介绍绿色植物的益处。故选D。2. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers? A. To detect plants lack of water. B. To change compositions of plants. C. To make the life of plants longer. D. To test chemicals in p
72、lants. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“其中包括在叶子上印上传感器以显示植物的缺水情况, 还可以检测地下水中的有害化学物质。”可知选A。3. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future? A. They will speed up energy production. B. They may transmit electricity to the home. C. They might help reduce energy consumption. D. They could take the place of
73、 power plants. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“发光的植物可以缩短这个距离, 从而帮助节约能源。”可知这种发光的植物在将来可能会有助于节约能源。4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Can we grow more glowing plants? B. How do we live with glowing plants? C. Could glowing plants replace lamps? D. How are glowing plants made pollut
74、ion-free? 【解析】选C。标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院的科研团队的一项研究: 利用特殊的装置让植物发光来照亮房间或把树变成会发光的路灯, 以此来节约和利用能源。故“发光的植物能代替灯吗? ”为最佳标题。【难句剖析】In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plants lifetime. 分析: 本句主干为the team
75、 hopes to develop a version of the technology, 其中第一个that引导定语从句, 修饰先行词technology, 在从句中作主语; 第二个that引导定语从句, 修饰先行词treatment。翻译: 未来, 该团队希望能开发出一种可以一次性喷洒到植物叶子上就能延长植物寿命的技术。【微技能点拨】 归纳整合全解主旨大意题主题句定位法: 1. 主题句在篇头: 依据第一段或第一句确定主旨。2. 主题句在篇中: 文章往往先列举次要甚至错误观点, 然后点明自己的观点并展开论述。3. 主题句在篇尾: 整篇文章大部分在叙述或列举, 最后归纳总结, 概括主旨。本文
76、中第1题为归纳段落大意题, 根据策略解题如下: Step 1确定题干关键词: 依据第一段的第一句、第二句即可确定整段主旨, 第一段剩下的内容为举例, 进一步印证了该段的主题句。Step 2对比选项找最佳: 尝试解答D。【语用提能】话题词汇scientific research, sensor, self-powered street lamps, consume, save energy短语the connection between. and. , be exposed to, conduct a study, be decorated with, be short of【微语法填空】(20
77、20全国卷阅读理解D)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Recent studies have found positive effects on the 1. connection (connect) between people and plants. A study 2. conducted(conduct) in Youngstown, Ohio, discovered that 3. greener (green) areas of the city experienced less crime. The engineers at the MIT ha
78、ve taken it a step furtherchanging the actual composition of plants in order to get them 4. to perform (perform) diverse, even unusual functions. One of the latest 5. projects(project) has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments 6. using (use) some common vegetables. The team found that they coul
79、d create 7. a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch”8. where the glow would fade 9. when exposed to daylight. Glowing plants 10. are hoped (hope) to reduce this distance from a power plant to street lamps and therefore help save energy
80、. . 话题与写作(2018天津高考)假设你是晨光中学的机器人兴趣小组组长李津, 你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校, 他曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖。你打算邀请他加入你的团队, 参加即将于7月底在天津举行的世界青少年机器人技能竞赛。请根据以下提示代表兴趣小组给他写一封电子邮件。(1)比赛的时间、地点; (2)邀请他的原因; (3)训练计划将发送其邮箱, 请他提出建议。注意: (1)词数不少于100; (2)可适当加入细节, 使内容充实、行文连贯; (3)开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。参考词汇: 世界青少年机器人技能竞赛: the World Adolescent Robotics C
81、ompetitionDear Chris, I have good news to tell you._Im looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li JinStep 1写作技巧词汇提升Our team needs your help very much. Our team is desperately in need of your help. 句式多变(非谓语)I know you once participated in a robotics competition and won the award, so you must have accum
82、ulated much experience in it. Having participated in a robotics competition and won the award, you must have accumulated much experience in it, I think. 句式多变 (非谓语)I will email you our training plan soon and hope you can offer some constructive suggestions regarding it. I will email you our training
83、plan soon, hoping you can offer some constructive suggestions regarding it. Step 2妙笔成篇Dear Chris, I have good news to tell you. The World Adolescent Robotics Competition is to be held in Tianjin at the end of this July, which interests me greatly. On hearing the news, some of my classmates and I for
84、med a group to take part in the competition. Having participated in a robotics competition and won the award, you must have accumulated much experience in it, I think. Our team is desperately in need of your help. So as the group leader, I sincerely invite you to join us. I am greatly convinced that
85、 with our joint efforts we can undoubtedly get good results. Whats more, I will email you our training plan soon, hoping you can offer some constructive suggestions regarding it. Im looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Jin【加固训练】Across Asia many people have just witnessed the natural wonder that
86、is a total solar eclipse. 1This weeks total eclipse could be seen in eastern India before slowly moving across Burma, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Japan, and the Pacific Ocean. Yesterday, when it reached eastern China, people flocked (聚集)into the streets to witness the astronomical wonder. As daylight
87、 disappeared and the sky quickly darkened. 2 Cities such as Shanghai were plunged into (陷入) darkness during what is thought to be the longest total eclipse of the 21st century. It lasted 6 minutes and 39 seconds. Total solar eclipses of such a long duration are very rare events. 3 Shao Zhenyi, an as
88、tronomer at the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory in China explained: “Well have to wait a few hundred years for another opportunity to observe a solar eclipse that lasts this long, so its a very special opportunity. ”But while millions celebrate this phenomenon, it should be remembered that total e
89、clipses have not always been such treasured events. Many cultures traditionally believed that a total eclipse was a bad omen (凶兆) or a supernatural event. 4 Others believed that the eclipse signified oncoming disasters. Nowadays it appears that these fears and superstitions(迷信)are long forgotten. As
90、 daylight once again flooded Asian cities such as Shanghai, whoops and cheers could be heard among the gathered crowds. Reflecting on what had just happened, one Shanghai resident described the eclipse as “eerie”(怪诞的, 奇异的, 可怕的), while another said, “Its like magic; the day turns into night in such a
91、 short period of time. I have no idea where I am right now. 5. ”A. It feels like a different world. B. They happen but once in a lifetime. C. Those watching were left far from disappointed. D. Some believed that evil gods were eating the Sun. E. People were frightened by the sudden darkness. F. Some
92、 people thought it was a natural wonder. G. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Sun, Moon and Earth line up in such a way that our view of the Sun is totally hidden by the Moon. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了此次21世纪最长日全食的情况, 整个日全食过程持续了6分39秒。如此长时间的日全食是非常罕见的, 想要再次看到可能还得等上几百年。文章还介绍了历史上人们对于日全食的不同看法。1. 【解析】选G。根据
93、上文可知亚洲各地的许多人刚刚目睹了日全食这一自然奇观。由此可知, 上文提到了日全食的景象, 本句应当是说明这一现象发生的原因。故G选项“当太阳、月球和地球排成一条直线时, 我们看到的太阳完全被月球遮住了, 日全食就发生了”符合语境, 故选G。2. 【解析】选C。 根据后文可知, 在这场被认为是21世纪持续时间最长的日全食中, 上海等城市陷入了黑暗之中。整个过程持续了6分39秒。由此可知, 这次日全食是21世纪持续时间最长的, 所以那些观看日全食的人不会失望。故C选项“那些观看的人远远没有失望”符合语境, 故选C。3. 【解析】选B。根据后文可知中国上海天文台的天文学家邵振义解释说: “我们必须
94、等待几百年才能再有机会观测到持续这么久的日全食。所以这是一个非常特殊的机会。”由此可知, 再次看到这么久的日全食需要等待几百年, 所以这是一生只有一次的机会。故B选项“它们一生只发生一次”符合语境, 故选B。4. 【解析】选D。根据后文Others believed that the eclipse signified oncoming disasters. 可知, 另一些人认为日食预示着即将到来的灾难。由此可知, 本句与后文都是在说明人们对这一现象的看法, 其中D选项中Some可与后文Others构成对应, some. others. “一些人另一些人”。故D选项“有些人相信邪恶的神正在吃太阳”符合语境, 故选D。5. 【解析】选A。根据上文可知在回忆刚刚发生的事情时, 一位上海居民形容日食“可怕”, 而另一位说, “这就像魔术一样, 在这么短的时间内白天就变成了黑夜。我不知道我现在在哪里。”由此可知, 本句承接上文, 说明日全食给人一种进入了不同世界的感觉。故A选项“感觉就像进入了一个不同的世界”符合语境, 故选A。关闭Word文档返回原板块
