1、Section Developing ideasThe Words That Changed A NationOn a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863, a tall, thin man mounted a platform in a field in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and began to speak.The place was the site of a recent battle 1where thousands of soldiers had died.The man was Abraham Lincoln, P
2、resident of the United States of America, and he was there in memory of the soldiers 2who had died.The speech 3he gave was just 268 words long and lasted two minutes.But this address to the crowd changed the minds of his people and helped shape a nation.1where引导定语从句，修饰a recent battle。2who引导定语从句，修饰th
3、e soldiers。3he gave为定语从句，修饰The speech，从句省略了关系代词that或which。At that time, America was bitterly divided.For two years, its people had been deep in a civil war between the slaveowning Confederate Southern States and the “free” Northern States of the Union.The worst battle lasted three days and took plac
4、e at Gettysburg in 1863.The Union side won, but at a great cost.Over 50,000 soldiers were killed or wounded, and people lost hope and purpose.What was all this suffering for?Lincoln understood the feelings of the civilian people.His speech gave them hope, belief and a reason 4to look to the future.H
5、e gave them a new vision of 5what the United States of America should be, based on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before.It was 6what the soldiers had died for.Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South, but the boundaries between black
6、 and white, and work step by step towards the equality of humankind.4动词不定式短语作定语，修饰名词reason。5what引导宾语从句；过去分词短语based on .在句中作状语；过去分词短语set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before作定语，修饰the ideals。6what引导表语从句，在从句中作宾语。Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth， upon this continent, a ne
7、w nation, conceived in Liberty， and dedicated to the proposition 7that all men are created equal.7that引导同位语从句，作the proposition的同位语。Now we are engaged in a great civil war, 8testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure.We are met here on a great battlefi
8、eld of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those 9who here gave their lives that that nation might live.10It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.8现在分词短语testing .作定语，修饰civil war；whether引导宾语从句。9who引导定语从句，修饰代词those；第一个that引导目的状语从句，省略了so。10I
9、t作形式主语；that引导主语从句。But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate we can not consecrate we can not hallow this ground.The brave men, living and dead, 11who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract.The world will little note， nor long remember, 12what we say here, but
10、 can never forget 13what they did here.It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work 14which they have, thus far， so nobly carried on.15It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us that from these honored dead we take increased devotio
11、n to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain；that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the eart
12、h.(“The Gettysburg Address” by Abraham Lincoln)11who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰The brave men。12what引导宾语从句，作动词remember的宾语。13what引导宾语从句，作动词forget 的宾语。14which引导定语从句，修饰the unfinished work。15本句为主从复合句。其中含有四个that引导的同位语从句，它们均为名词task的同位语。for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion为定语从句，修饰that cause；that the
13、se dead shall not have died in vain为宾语从句，作动词resolve的宾语。mount v走上，登上in memory of为了纪念address n演说，演讲shape v塑造；影响的发展bitterly adv.极其，非常divided adj.分裂的；有分歧的civil adj.公民的，国民的civil war 内战slave n奴隶confederate adj.(美国内战期间)南部联邦的union n联邦at a great cost 付出巨大的代价civilian adj.平民的；百姓的belief n信念；相信，信心set down 制定，规定(
14、规则等)division n分歧，分裂step by step 一步一步地equality n平等score n二十bring forth使产生，使出现conceive v构想，设想liberty n自由dedicate v致力于，献身于proposition n见解；主张；观点be engaged in从事于；忙于endure v持续存在battlefield n战场portion n一部分altogether adv.完全fitting adj.适合(某场合)的；恰当的consecrate v宣布为神圣之处hallow v使成为神圣detract v减低，破坏，损害note v注意，留意t
15、hus far(故事)说到这儿；(情势)到这一刻nobly adv.高尚地，崇高地resolve v决心；决定in vain 白白地perish v死亡参考译文改变了一个国家的演说1863年11月19日，一个天空灰蒙蒙的下午，宾夕法尼亚州葛底斯堡的一块空地上，一个高大瘦削的男人登上了讲台，开始演说。就在不久前，这里曾是一片战场，数千名士兵牺牲于此。这个人是美国总统亚伯拉罕林肯，他来到这里悼念已逝的战士。他的演说只有268个词，时长两分钟，但却改变了民众的想法，甚至帮助塑造了整个国家。在那时，美国分崩离析。两年来，美国人民深陷内战之中，一方是拥护奴隶制的南部联邦，另一方是拥护“自由”的北方联盟。
16、最残酷的战斗持续了三天，就发生在1863年的葛底斯堡。北方联盟取得了胜利，但代价惨重。五万多名士兵死伤，人们失去了希望和目标。遭受这些苦难究竟是为了什么呢？林肯理解民众的感受。他的演说给了民众希望、信念以及展望未来的理由。他给予了美国人民一个新的愿景，那就是依照87年前开国元勋的理念，美利坚合众国本应成为的样子。那也是已故的将士为之献出生命的原因。现在，责任落到了生者身上，不仅要消除南北之间的分歧，还要打破黑人与白人之间的界限，一步一步朝着实现人类平等而努力。87年前，我们的先辈在这块大陆上创立了一个新的国家，它孕育于自由之中，献身于人人生而平等的理想。当下我们正深陷于一场大规模的内战之中，它
17、考验着这个国家，或者任何一个生于自由、对上述理想深信不疑的国家，能否长久生存下去。现在我们聚集在这场内战的一个重要战场上，我们来到这里，是为了把这里的一部分土地献给那些为了国家存续而献出自己生命的人，作为他们最终的安息之地。我们这样做是完全应当且非常恰当的。但是，从更广泛意义上来说，我们不能献出不能圣化不能神化这块土地，因为在这里勇敢抗争的人们，不论生死，已经圣化了这片土地，这远不是我们渺小的力量所能增减的。世界不会留意，也不会铭记我们在这里说了什么，但它永远不会忘记他们在这里做的事情。他们英勇地坚持至今，现在是我们这些生者献身于这未完成的事业的时候了。我们应该把自己奉献于在我们面前的伟大事业
18、从这些光荣的逝者身上汲取更多的信仰，来投身于他们为之竭尽最后一丝力量的事业我们在这里下最大的决心，不让逝者白白失去生命，要让国家获得自由的新生，要使民有、民治、民享的政府永存。(葛底斯堡演讲亚伯拉罕林肯)Step One: PrereadingHow much do you know about the American Civil War? Discuss in pairs and write as much information as possible.(Answers may vary.)Step Two：Whilereading.Read for main ideaRead the
19、passage quickly and choose the best answer.The text mainly tells us .Afamous US presidentsBgreat battles in historyCthe power of speechesDAmerica was bitterly divided答案：C.Read for detailsRead the passage carefully and choose the best answers.1Why did Lincoln arrive in Gettysburg?ABecause he was made
20、 to become a slave.BBecause he wanted to give a famous speech.CBecause he wanted to change the peoples minds.DBecause he was there in memory of the dead fighters.2When did the civil war take place?AIn 1861.BIn 1862.CIn 1863.DIn 1865.3How did the people feel after the civil war?AExcited.BSuffered.CEq
21、ual.DHopeless.4What did Lincoln think the nation should altogether do in a fitting and proper way?AThey should be engaged in the civil war.BThey should devote to their nation for the dead soldiers.CThey should meet there on a great battlefield of that war.DThey should fight for freedom and equality.
22、5In Lincolns eyes，what was the unfinished great task?AAll people are created equal and free.BThey couldnt forget what they did there.CThe government should be for the people.DThe country would never perish from the earth.答案：15DADBAStep Three：Postreading阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。On a grey afte
23、rnoon on 19 November 1863, a tall, thin man 1.mounted (mount) a platform in a field in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and began to speak.The place was the site of a recent battle 2.where thousands of soldiers had died.This is the famous Gettysburg Address and the man is Abraham Lincoln, President of the U
24、nited States.The Gettysburg Address was a short speech and 3.was delivered (deliver) in the height of the American Civil War to commemorate the massive numbers of deaths and casualties at the bloody Battle of Gettysburg.The president spoke for two 4.minutes (minute)His speech contained just 268 word
25、s, 5.including (include) the sentence “The world will little note, nor long remember, 6.what we say here.” But this address to the crowd changed the minds of his people and helped shape a nation.At that time, America was 7.bitterly (bitter) divided.For two years, its people had been deep in a civil
26、war between the slaveowning Confederate Southern States and the “free” Northern States of the Union.The Gettysburg Address is considered a pivotal moment in the way Americans viewed 8.themselves (them) and their government.His speech gave people hope, belief and a reason 9.to look (look) to the futu
27、re.He gave them a new vision of what the United States of America should be.It was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South, 10.but the boundaries between black and white, and work step by step towards the equality of humankind. .重点单词1mount the stage登上舞台2civil rights
28、 公民权3civilian life 平民百姓的生活4on the battlefield 在战场上5a joint effort 共同的努力6mutual respect and understanding 相互尊敬和理解7millions of American black slaves 成千上万的美国黑奴8the fight for justice and liberty 争取正义和自由的斗争9a division of opinion on the matter 对于那件事有意见分歧10altogether agree with you 完全同意你的意见11He is a noble
29、man who devoted himself to helping others and died nobly for saving a child.(noble)12Shes very good at making friends and influencing people, so she has a great influence on me and I like this influential girl.(influence)13If we want to live in a harmonious society, we must insure our society develo
30、ps in harmony with the people.(harmony)1“名词名词”合成名词一览farmland农田birthplace发源地bookshop 书店 sunglasses 太阳镜sunlight 阳光 doorbell 门铃2以辅音字母le结尾的形容词，变e为y构成副词possiblepossiblyterribleterriblyprobableprobablycomfortablecomfortablysimplesimplygentlegently.重点短语1The crowd observed a minutes silence in memory of (为了
31、纪念) those who had died.2Everyone should be clear that success comes at a great cost (付出巨大的代价)3He wants the world to know his son did not die in vain (白白地)4We had to set down (制定) rules for the behavior of the members.5As he expected, everything goes on well step by step (一步一步地)6At last, Henrys new m
32、ethods brought forth (使产生)nothing but trouble.7The civil war (内战) claimed a total of over 20,000 lives.8He does wholesale business, while his brother is engaged in (从事于) retail business.典型句式1教材原句His speech gave them hope, belief and a reason to look to the future.句式分析动词不定式短语作定语佳句仿写My wish to visit F
33、rance came true at last.我访问法国的愿望终于实现了。2教材原句He gave them a new vision of what the United States of America should be, based on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before.句式分析what引导宾语从句佳句仿写Our country is now quite different from what it used to be.我们的国家已完全不同于过去的样子了。1mount v走上，登上；骑上(马、
34、自行车等)；逐步增加；组织开展(教材P44)On a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863, a tall, thin man mounted a platform in a field in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and began to speak.1863年11月19日，一个天空灰蒙蒙的下午，宾夕法尼亚州葛底斯堡的一块空地上，一个高大瘦削的男人登上了讲台，开始演说。(1)mount stairs走上台阶mount the stage 登上舞台(2)mount a horse 骑上马(3)mount a protest/campa
35、ign 发起抗议/运动mount an exhibition 举办展览(经典佳句)When I first mounted the Great Wall, I could hardly find words to express how beautiful the scenery was.当我第一次登上长城的时候，我几乎找不到语言来表达风景有多美。练透一词多义(猜测加彩单词的含义)The professor mounted the stage and began to make a speech.走上，登上Pressure is mounting on the government to de
36、al with the rise of underemployment.逐步增加The gallery has mounted an exhibition of art by a famous women painter.组织开展写美完成句子He mounted his horse and rode away.他骑上马走了。2division n分歧，分裂；差异；分配；除法(教材P44)Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South, but the boundaries
37、between black and white, and work step by step towards the equality of humankind.现在，责任落到了生者身上，不仅要消除南北之间的分歧，还要打破黑人与白人之间的界限，一步一步朝着实现人类平等而努力。divide v(使)分开，分散，分割；分担divide .between/among . 在之间分配be divided in/into 被分开；被(划)分成(经典佳句)As time went on, the division between the two countries have healed over.随着时
38、间的流逝，两国之间的分歧已经弥合了。练透单句语法填空The division (divide) between the developed countries and developing countries is still huge.How to divide labor among the workers is still a question.When you go to the library, you will find all of the books are divided into different categories.写美完成句子Heavier taxation mig
39、ht narrow the division between rich and poor.加大税收力度也许会缩小贫富间的差距。名师指津表示把某物分成几部分，可与in和into连用。其区别是：若divide后面只有数词(即数词后没有名词)，则可用in或into；若divide后的数词后接有名词，则通常只能用into。如：Divide the apple in/into four (into four parts)3bring forth 使产生，使出现(教材P45)Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon thi
40、s continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.87年前，我们的先辈在这块大陆上创立了一个新的国家，它孕育于自由之中，献身于人人生而平等的理想。bring about造成，引起，带来bring down 使降低bring in 介绍，引进；赚得，挣bring out 生产(新产品)；(尤指)出版；使显现，激发bring up 提出(议题等)；抚养；呕吐(经典佳句)These efforts will surely br
41、ing forth good fruits.这些努力必将产生良好的结果。练透单句语法填空The government is taking effective measures to bring down the house prices.The invention and the use of the computer brought about great changes in the society.His job brings in 1,000 dollars a month for him.His father died when he was young, and he was br
42、ought up by his mother.I hope to bring out my new book in the spring of next year.写美完成句子A good friend can bring out/forth the best in a person.一个好朋友能使一个人表现出最好的一面。4dedicate v致力于，献身于(教材P45)Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty
43、, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.87年前，我们的先辈在这块大陆上创立了一个新的国家，它孕育于自由之中，献身于人人生而平等的理想。(1)dedicate oneself to (doing) sth.致力于(做)某事，献身于(做)某事(2)dedicated adj. 献身的；专心致志的；一心一意的be dedicated to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事，献身于(做)某事(3)dedication n. 献身，奉献(经典佳句)The most honorable thing th
44、at I can do is to dedicate myself to my country and strive for my ideal.能够献身于自己祖国的事业，为实现理想而奋斗，这是我能做得最光荣的事情了。练透单句语法填空He had decided at the age of ten to dedicate himself to his countrys cause.China will continue to be dedicated to promoting (promote) international cooperation in this area.Without you
45、r unselfish dedication (dedicate) we could achieve no success today.写美一句多译这位科学家终生致力于保护野生鸟类。The scientist dedicated himself to protecting wild birds all his life.The scientist was dedicated to protecting wild birds all his life.5influential adj.有影响力的(教材P47)Edgar Snow was an American journalist who wr
46、ote influential books and articles about China in the 1930s.埃德加斯诺是一位美国记者，他在20世纪30年代撰写了有关中国的有影响力的书籍和文章。(1)be influential in (doing) sth.对(做)某事有影响(2)influence n. 影响，作用v. 影响，对起作用have an influence on/upon 对有影响under the influence of . 在的影响下influence sb. to do sth. 影响某人去做某事(经典佳句)Chaplin was among the most
47、 influential figures in film history.卓别林是电影史上最有影响力的人物之一。练透单句语法填空Confucius is considered to be one of the most influential (influence) figures in Chinese history.We have to admit that the social media has a powerful influence on/upon public opinion.Under the influence of a high school biology teacher
48、, he took up the study of medicine.What influenced you to choose (choose) a career in nursing?写美完成句子Watching TV for a long time has a great influence on/upon childrens health.长时间看电视对孩子的健康有很大的影响。句型公式：动词不定式短语作定语(教材P44)His speech gave them hope, belief and a reason to look to the future.他的演说给了民众希望、信念以及
49、展望未来的理由。(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级及the next, the only, the last, the very等词修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语；(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：plan, ability, chance, opportunity, time, way等。(经典佳句)Lang Ping, head coach of the Chinese womens volleyball team, has become the first to win gold medals at the Olympics both as a coa
50、ch and player.中国女排主教练郎平成为第一位既以运动员的身份又作为教练获得女排奥运冠军的人。练透单句语法填空He is always the first to bear (bear) hardships and the last to enjoy (enjoy) comforts.I dont think he is the best man to do (do) the job because he is very careless.The ability to express (express) an idea is as important as the idea itsel
51、f.写美完成句子I still have no reason to doubt his words.我还是没有理由怀疑他的话。维度一品句填词1As he mounted (登上) the stage, the entire audience broke into loud applause.2Life without liberty (自由) is like a body without spirit.3The firefighters are making joint (共同的) efforts to get the mountain fire under control.4The love
52、 story unfolds against a background of civil (国内的) war.5Mulan disguised herself as a man so she could fight on the battlefield (战场)6Only a small portion (一部分) of the budget is spent on books.7The former plan has been given up altogether (完全)since the new manager took over.8The slaves (奴隶) of the old
53、 society have become the masters of the new society.9The director decided to cast her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie.10It is not realistic to expect all kids to succeed in their study.维度二词形转换1When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and re
54、warding (reward)2John Adams was one of the most influential (influence) and important statesmen in the early American history.3Finally, the two companies failed to negotiate a mutually (mutual) acceptable new contract.4We can build a harmonious (harmony) society on condition that everyone behaves hi
55、mself.5The river has become a natural division (divide) between the south and the north.6But the truth is that this happens for only a minority (minor) of patients.7He is totally dedicated (dedicate) and brings out the best in his pupils.8This event tests both physical and mental endurance (endure)维
56、度三固定搭配和句式1As an inexperienced teacher, I tried every means to get them to be quiet, but in vain (徒劳无功)2He founded the charity in memory of (为了纪念) his late wife.3The first time you go abroad, you may experience a culture shock (文化冲击)4The programme offers young people the chance to gain work experience (获得工作经验的机会)5Its obvious that what he said just now (他刚才说的) is wrong.6If you want to obtain knowledge, you must learn step by step (一步一步地)
