1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家英语选修7外研版Module1阅读练习（1）及答案【科普知识型-阅读理解】Housed in Milan, one of Europes dirtiest cities, Leonardo da Vincis masterpiece The Last Supper still faces a threat from air pollution, researchers say, despite preventative measures that have significantly decreased pollutants in the church wher
2、e the famous painting is on display.In 2009, Italian authorities installed a heating, ventilation (通风) and airconditioning system to protect the painting from Milans polluted air. To see whether the system could improve air quality, a team of researchers led by Constantinos Sioutas, a professor of c
3、ivil and environmental engineering at the University of Southern California, placed two airquality monitors inside the church for a year to collect samples from around painting. Results showed the levels of fine and coarse particulates were reduced near the painting by 88 percent and 94 percent, res
4、pectively, compared with the corresponding outdoor levels. “Its a spectacular reduction，” Sioutas said in a statement. “It is, frankly, very impressive.”Although the researchers applauded the successful decrease in particulates around da Vincis painting, they warned that indoor sources of pollution
5、may still pose a threat to the priceless painting. Fatty lipids (油脂) from the skin of customers in the church appeared in significant quantities around the painting, despite the fact that visitors getting access to the artwork are strictly regulated.Only a few visitors are allowed inside the church
6、at a time, and they enter the building and can stay for only 15 minutes each. However, fatty lipids from visitors skin can combine with dust in the air and pollute the painting if they come in contact with it, says study researcher Nancy Daher of the University of Southern California.Even previous r
7、estorations of the painting may pollute its surface, Daher said. Tiny particulates of the wax applied during early repair efforts can be emitted from the painting, get into the air and tarnish (使失去光泽) the painting in the same manner as the fatty lipids.The researchers noted that their airsample anal
8、ysis could be used as a point of reference for future studies aimed at protecting valuable artwork and artefacts.1What does the underlined word “particulates” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?AThe smallest parts of a chemical substance.BThings dirtier than usual.CCertain types of gas.DExtremely small pi
9、eces of dirt, which cause serious pollution.2According to the text, the following factors pollute the painting EXCEPT _Afatty lipids from the skin Btiny particles of the waxCbreath of the visitors Ddust in the air3According to the researchers, which of the following is NOT true of their airsample an
10、alysis?A. The airsample analysis was got by gathering air in the church for a year.BThe airsample analysis showed that the painting was completely away from air pollution.CThe airsample analysis can be helpful for future studies protecting valuable artwork.DThe airsample analysis showed that the par
11、ticulates around da Vincis painting were decreased successfully.4What can be the best title of the text?AHow to decrease levels of particulates effectivelyBThe famous painting da Vincis The Last SupperCKeeping air pollution from damaging da Vincis The Last SupperDHow to protect artwork in households
12、【要点综述】保存在意大利米兰市一家教堂的达芬奇名画最后的晚餐受到空气污染的影响。虽采取了措施使教堂空气质量得到提高，但仍存在一些污染隐患。1D词义猜测题。综合分析文章及该词所在句子，可推知该词意为“颗粒(污染)物”。2C细节理解题。根据文章信息可知，对名画最后的晚餐带来污染的因素主要有参观者皮肤上的油脂、修复时产生的蜡颗粒及空气中的灰尘等。3B细节理解题。从文章第一、二段可知，虽然教堂室内环境大为改善，但这幅伟大的画作仍受到各种污染物的威胁。4C主旨大意题。综合分析文章可知，本文主要介绍如何保护达芬奇的名画最后的晚餐免受污染物的影响，故C项为标题最佳。Passage Ten (The Impo
13、rtance of Independent Thinking)No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, than by the true op
14、inions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. No that it is solely, of chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. One the contrary, it is as much or even more indispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature whi
15、ch they are capable of. There have been and many again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where any of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended, where there is a
16、 tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed: where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controve
17、rsy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up fro9m its foundation and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.She who knows only her own side of
18、 the case knows little of that. Her reasons may be food, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if she s equally unable to refute the reasons of the opposite side; if she does not so much as know what they are, she has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for her
19、 would be suspension of judgment, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world the side to which she feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should heat the arguments of adversaries from her own teachers, present
20、ed as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations, That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them form persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost
21、for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ni
22、nety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know; they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differe
23、ntly form them and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess. 1.The best title for this passage is A The Age of Reason The need for Independent ThinkingC The Value of Reason D Stirring
24、 Peoples Minds2.According to the author, it is always advisable to A have opinions which cannot be refuted.adopt the point of view to which one feels the most inclination.C be acquainted with the arguments favoring the point of view with which one disagrees,D suspend heterodox speculation in favor o
25、f doctrinaire approaches.3.According to the author, in a great period such as the Renaissance we may expect to findA acceptance of truth controversy over principles C inordinate enthusiasm D a dread of heterodox speculation 4.According to the author, the person who holds orthodox beliefs without exa
26、mination may be described in all of the following ways EXCEPT asA enslaved by tradition less than fully rationalC determinded on controversy D having a closed mind5.It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statementsA A truly great
27、 thinker makes no mistakes.Periods of intellectual achievement are periods of unorthodox reflection,C The refutation of accepted ideas can best be provided by ones own teachers.D excessive controversy prevents clear thinking,Vocabulary1. stature 高度，境界，状况2. heterodox 不合乎公认的标准的，异端的，异教的3. tacit 心照不宣4.
28、refute 反驳5. adversary 对立面，对手，敌人6. plausible 善于花言巧语的/辞令的，似乎有理的/有可能的7. doctrine 教义，学说8. profess 表示，明言，承认，自称，信奉难句译注1. True gains more even by the errors of one who with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, then by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themse
29、lves to think.参考译文 真理甚至从一个经过恰当研究和准备进行独立思考的人的错误中获得更多的东西，而从那些只是因为不予思考却持有正确的观点中获得的少（一种经过恰当的研究和准备进行独立思考的人犯的错误，另一种人是不予思考的却持有正确的观点，真理从前者错误中获得的东西比从后者的正确观点中获得的要多）。2. mental slavery 思想禁锢，精神受奴役状态3. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mi
30、nd of a people stirred up from its foundation and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.结构简析 这是一句以Never否定词开头的倒装句，正常的句序应把never放在句中，形成：the mind of people was never stirred up from its foundations 参考译文 当辩论比开重大课题，重大到足以燃起
31、/激起人们激/热情的课题时，那么一个民族的思想绝不会从天赋的情感和原始的基础上升华，甚至使最普通智力的人上升到优点庄严的思想家水平上。4. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgement, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world, the side to which she feels the most inclinati
32、on.参考译文 对她来说理智的立场是停止判断，而且除非她满足于这一点，否则，她不是为权威人物的观点所左右，后者就像世界上芸芸众生一样，倒向她感觉最倾向的一边。5. That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into teal contact with her own mind.结构简析 do justice to 公平对待，适当处理。 Bringinto contact with 使和接触联系。参考译文 这不是对正确观点评价的方法，也不能使自己的思想真正接触到论点的实质。6. She must know
33、them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty.结构简析 most plausible and per
34、suasive form 很善于辞令和有说服力形式。possess oneself of 获得，据有，把占为己有。them=arguments。else否则的话。7. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know; they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently form them and considered what such persons may hav
35、e to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess.结构简析 throw oneself intoposition 设身处地，使自己处于位置地点。写作方法与文章大意这是一篇由一般到具体，重要采用正反对比，推理的写作方法的文章，逻辑性强，正反论证，句子结构复杂冗长，分两段给出内容，第一段重点在：伟大的思想家的首要责任是奠定遵循自己智力所得出的结论。由此引起思想家和思想活跃的人民同时代环境的关系。只有思想后月
36、的时期，才有伟大的思想家和活跃的人民，因为他们可以讨论重大主题，而在思想禁锢时期，只能产生个别伟大思想家。第二段具体的论证了独立思考涉及两方面，既如自己一方种种，也得知对手的一方种种（内容，推理，论点），才能真正获得真理。答案详解. B 独立思考的必要性。见难句译注。这里说明进行独立思考的人即使犯错误，真理也能从中获得东西，而那些懒于思考人，即使持有正确的观点，真理也难以获得东西。第一段还点明思想禁锢时期，即不能进行独立思考时期，难以讨论重大议题，产生不了活跃的人民，绝不会出现像辉煌的文艺复兴那种时期（见第二题注）。第二段也是围绕独立思考而写，只是从具体点着眼：人只知自己，不知对方无法获得真理
37、，只有独立思考两方，才能不为权威所左右，不会跟着自己感觉走，最终知道自己的真正主张。A. 理性时代。C.驳斥的价值。D. 激发人民的思想。. C 熟悉有利于自己不同意反对观点的论点。这是作者在第二段讲述的重要论点。他认为一个人只知自己一方，推理极好，无人能反驳，却不知对方的推理，也不能够予以反驳的话，他就无权选择两方的任一论点，其理智位置是停止判断。否则她就会（像世界上芸芸众生那样）不是为权威所“引导”，就是跟着感觉（的倾向）走。其二，作者提出：光听自己的老师讲述对立面的论点，以及他们所提出的反驳论点。只是不够的，必须倾听那些人（他们真正相信对立的观点）的论点，并为此积极热情，竭尽全力辩护，才
38、能使自己的思想和独立论点接触，公正的作出公正的判断。A. 具有不能驳斥的观点。B. 采取个人感觉最倾向的观点。 D. 停止有利于教条主义研究的异端思考。. B 辩论原则问题。答案在第一段：在思想禁锢的气氛中，过去，现在可能会产生个别的思想家，但绝不会有思想活跃的人民，在那里有一种心照不宣的惯律：原则决不能讨论认为占据人类心灵的最重大问题的讨论应封闭，我们不能期望看到一般高级的思想活动。这种思想活动曾使历史上某些时期光辉灿烂。而文艺复兴就是思想活动的顶峰时期，必然会讨论原则问题，所以选B 。 A. 接受真理，周经过讨论才能接受真理。C. 过度的热情。 D. 害怕异端思考。. C.在辩论上，坚定不
39、移。这是一道推断题，一般讲：持有未经检验的正统信仰的人不会独立思考，更不会怀疑他所信仰的东西。A. 为传统所奴役。B. 不怎么理智。D. 头脑闭塞。这种人必然受传统思想控制，不理智更不愿接受外界新鲜事物。. B. 在思想方面取得成就的时期就是进行非正统反思的时期。见题注释。A. 一个真正的思想家不犯错误。C. 一个人的老师最能提供所接受思想观点的反驳。D. 过度的辩论会制止清晰的思考。【2015高考复习】阅读理解A new generation addiction is quickly spreading all over the world. Weboholism, a twentieth
40、century disease, affects people from different ages. They surf the Net, use emails and speak in chat rooms. They spend many hours on the computer，and it becomes a compulsive habit. They cannot stop, and it affects their lives.Ten years ago, no one thought that using computers could become compulsive
41、 behavior that could affect the social and physical life of computer users. This obsessional behavior has affected teenagers and college students. They are likely to log on computers and spend long hours at different websites.They become hooked on computers and gradually their social and school life
42、 is affected by this situation. They spend all free time surfing and dont concentrate on homework, so this addiction influences their grades and success at school.Because they can find everything on the websites, they hang out there. Moreover, this addiction to websites influences their social life.
43、They spend more time in front of computers than with their friends. The relation with their friends changes. The virtual life becomes more important than their real life. They have a new language that they speak in the chat rooms and it causes cultural changes in society.Because of the change in the
44、ir behavior, they begin to keep themselves apart from the society and live with their virtual friends. They share their emotions and feelings with friends who they have never met in their life. Although they feel confident on the computer, they are not confident with real live friends they have know
45、n all their life. It is a problem for the future. This addictive behavior is beginning to affect all the world.【语篇解读】 网瘾迅速蔓延全球，成为世纪通病，影响着不同年龄的人群。20The authors attitude towards weboholism is that of being_.Aoptimistic B. disapprovingCpositive D. acceptable答案B作者态度题。结合第一段后半部分提到的网瘾的不良影响可知，作者对网瘾持不赞成的态度。另
46、外，第三、四、五段的内容都是线索提示。21What is the main idea of the passage?A. The influence of weboholism.B. The advantage of weboholism.C. The popularity of weboholism.D. The cause of weboholism.答案A主旨大意题。文章第一段开门见山地阐述了网瘾的危害，然后从不同方面详细阐述了它造成的不良影响，所以A项最能概括文章大意。22What does the underlined word “obsessional” in the second
47、 paragraph most probably mean?AAttractive. B. Professional.CAddictive. D. Potential.答案C词义猜测题。第二段最后一句提到青少年和大学生可能会登录电脑，在不同的网站上花费很长的时间，由此可推知“obsessional”的意思是“痴迷的，上瘾的”，与“addictive”同义。23We can infer from the passage that_.Aweboholism has the greatest effect on teenagersBstudents can hardly balance real a
48、nd virtual lifeCpeople are addicted to games on the InternetDvirtual life is more vivid and attractive anyway答案B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第三句“The virtual life becomes more important than their real life.”以及最后一段第一句中的“they begin to keep themselves apart from the society and live with their virtual friends”可推知，学生们几乎不能平衡真实生活和虚拟生活。- 9 - 版权所有高考资源网
