1、英语译林牛津版必修1Unit2第8-9课时优质教案Period 8-9 Grammar and UsageThe grammar item in this unit will still deal with attributive clauses. You are first expected to learn about the attributive clause introduced by a preposition + which and a preposition + whom. You will also learn how to use attributive clauses i
2、ntroduced by the relative adverbs when, where and why.Step 1: Prep.+ which & prep.+ whomAn attributive clause can be introduced by a prep.+ which/whom and lets see in what circumstances these two forms are used.1. Point 1 on page 28 Point out the antecedents and their functions in the following two
3、sentences. We thought you were a person from whom we could expect good decisions. (The antecedent is a person. In the attributive clause it serves as the object of the preposition from.) The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone. (The antecedent is the money. Its function in the attribut
4、ive clause is the object of the preposition with.)2. Point 2. The Maths teacher is the person from whom I got an A plus. Art is the subject about which I know little.3. Points 3 and 4. Dad is a person to whom I can easily talk. Dad is a person I can easily talk to.Note: The preposition in the attrib
5、utive clause must be used whether the relative pronouns are left out or not.4. Point 5.The sentences in Point 5 show us how to use the attributive clause to modify the antecedent way.Now the exercises in Parts A and B on page 29. For Part A, you should pay attention to the antecedent to see whether
6、it refers to a person/people or sth./things. Complete each sentence according to its meaning.Step 2: Relative adverbs: when, where and whyHere you will learn in what condition when, where or why is used to introduce an attributive clause. And lets see what other words can be used to replace when, wh
7、ere or why.1. When the noun or the antecedent refers to a certain period of time and is used as the adverbial of time in the attributive clause, when is used to introduce the clause. Here when is used as a relative adverb. Lets read the three example sentences in Point 1 on page 30 and tell what whe
8、n refers to in each of the sentences. In Sentence 1, when refers to on that day. In Sentence 2, when refers to at that moment. In Sentence 3, when refers to at that time.So these sentences can be expressed in some other ways as the following: Do you remember the day on which we left you in charge? I
9、 often think of the moment at which I saw the UFO. I remember the time at which Eric won that speech competition.2. When the noun or the antecedent refers to a place and is used as the adverbial of place in the attributive clause, where is used to introduce the clause. Here where is used as a relati
10、ve adverb.Read the four example sentences in Point 2 and tell what where refers to in each sentence.In Sentence 1, where refers to in the house. In Sentence 2, where refers to in the country. In Sentence 3, where refers to in the city.In Sentence 4, where refers to in the family.So these sentences c
11、an be expressed in some other ways as the following:The police searched the house in which the thief had stayed.Mike wants to work in a country in which there are a lot of rain forests.Is Shanghai the city in which he was born?This is not a family in which bad behavior goes unpunished.3. When the no
12、un or the antecedent is the word reason and is used as the adverbial of reason in the attributive clause, why is used to introduce the clause. Here why is used as a relative adverb.Read the two example sentences in Point 3.4. Read the sentences in Point 4 and learn how to say the sentences with attr
13、ibutive clauses introduced by when, where or why in more formal English. We can use in which instead of where, on which instead of when and for which instead of why in the three sentences.定语从句（七）part01关系副词引导的定语从句1. When指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) T
14、he time when we got together finally came.2. Where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. Why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
15、注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which. /where I was born. 限制性和非限制性定语从句1.定语从句有限制
16、性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，比较：My sister who is working in Beijing is a nurse.My sister, who is working in Beijing, is a nurse.2.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upset
17、s me.说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词as 的用法(1). 例1. the same as；suchas 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和一样I have got into the same trouble as he (has).(2). 例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有正如。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.as, which 非限定性定语从句由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，whic
18、h在句中。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.Step six tips“One of the +复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式，跟定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。如：That is one of the books that are required for study at school.如果one of +复数名词这一结构前面带有the only、the very之类的限定语，后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式，这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是而不是那个复数名词。如：He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.
