1、Section Discovering Useful Structures第一版块|核心单词1.reduce vt.减少，缩小，降低反义词：increase增长(教材P18)It is reported that living spaces for wildlife are (reduced/being reduced) due to the cutting of trees.据报道，由于砍伐树木，野生动物的生存空间正在减少。reduce. to 把减少到(to表示结果)reduce. by 把减少了(by表示幅度)rise/increase This drug can reduce the
2、death rate of heart attacks.这种药可以降低心脏病发作的死亡率。All the shirts were reduced to $10.所有衬衫都减价至10美元。Output has been reduced by around 30 percent due to the bad weather.由于恶劣的天气，产量已减少了大约30%。常见搭配：reduce the trees to three把树减少到三棵reduce the trees by 50%把树减少一半be reduced to沦为；转化为reduce sb. to tears/silence使某人流泪/沉
3、默reduce sth. to ashes/ruins把某物(尤指建筑物)化为灰烬/夷为废墟归纳拓展：The number of the species has increased by 10% thanks to the measures taken by the government.多亏政府所采取的措施，物种的数量增加了10%。 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The camera was reduced _ half of the original price.If their marketing plans succeed, they will increase their sales
4、 _ 20 percent.The _ (reduce) of unemployment should be the most important thing.The number of the bikes they produce _ (已经减少到) 100, 000 this year.词语积累：reduction n减少同decrease v减少反increase v增加；增长What they earn _ (已减少了) 30% in the last three months.The number of the workers in this company _ (已经减少到) 12
5、0.2.due to由于，因为(教材P18)It is reported that living spaces for wildlife are (reduced/being reduced) due to the cutting of trees.据报道，由于砍伐树木，野生动物的生存空间正在减少。Many crops were damaged due to the flood.洪水毁坏了许多庄稼。Your headache is due to stress.你的头痛是由压力造成的。词语辨析due to, owing to, because of与thanks to状语表语定语说明due to
6、一般不位于句首owing tobecause of主语指一个事实时也可作表语thanks to“多亏”，常指好的方面Because of/Owing to the snow, the flight has been cancelled.由于下雪，航班已经取消了。(作状语)His death was owing to an accident.他的死是事故造成的。(作表语)It is mainly because of my fault.这主要是由于我的过错。(作表语)Thanks to your help, we were successful.多亏了你的帮助，我们得以成功。(作状语)归纳拓展：
7、be due to do sth.预计要做某事be due for应得到The boat is due to arrive at 12 oclock.船预计在12点钟到达。Shes due for promotion soon.她很快该晋升了。名师点津：表“因为”的几个短语介词：due to较正式用语，常用于官方公开声明中；thanks to常接某人(某事)，通常用于好的方面，译为“多亏，幸亏”；because of后常接人或事物，强调某事发生的原因；on account of后面常接名词；owing to其后多接某事物，常可以与due to互换；as a result of常用在有上下文(表
8、原因)的情况下。 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The boat is due _ (arrive) at 12.He is due _ praise because of his heroic deeds.His mistake was _ (因为) lack of experience.David said that it was _ (由于) his strong interest in computers that he chose the course.The next meeting _ (预计召开) in three months.Owing to lack of funds,
9、the project will not continue next year.The project will not continue next year _ lack of funds.The train _ (预计) leave for Shanghai at 8._ (房租到期) tomorrow.第二版块|单元语法现在进行时表将来时的被动语态一、现在进行时的被动语态的基本结构肯定结构be (am/is/are) being done否定结构be (am/is/are) notbeing done一般疑问结构be (am/is/are) 主语being done特殊疑问结构特殊疑问词
10、be (am/is/are) 主语being done*The plan is being discussed at the meeting now.现在这个计划正在讨论过程中。A new law is being made to prevent endangered animals from extinction.为了阻止濒危动物的灭绝，新的法律正在制定中。*Workers are cutting down some trees in the park.Some trees are being cut down by workers in the park. (被动语态)Where are
11、some trees being cut down by workers？(特殊疑问句)巧学助记主动语态变被动语态的原则“三变”原则：原主变为by短语，原宾变为现主语；谓语主动变被动。“三不变”原则：原句意思不变；原句时态不变；原句主谓宾以外成分不变。二、现在进行时的被动语态的基本用法1表示此刻正在进行的被动动作，常与now，look等词连用。*Look! The baby is being taken care of by her aunt.瞧！那个婴儿正由她的姑姑照料着。2表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作，但此动作不一定在此时此刻发生。*Many speeches about Chinese
12、traditional culture are being held these days.这一阵子许多有关中国传统文化的讲座正在举行。3表示按计划主语将要承受的某个动作。*A Christmas party is being held tonight.今晚将要举行一场圣诞晚会。4表示经常的被动行为，常和always, often, constantly等词连用(表示某种感情色彩)。*Tom is always being praised by the teacher.汤姆总是受到老师的表扬。三、使用现在进行时的被动语态应注意的问题1在现在进行时的被动语态中be (am/is/are)为第一助
13、动词，being为第二助动词，缺一不可，且位置不可互换。*But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules.但是既然信息正在以不同的方式被传播与监控，研究者正在发现新的规则。2像take care of, look after, talk about, think of等动词与介词构成的短语用于现在进行时的被动语态时，其中的介词不可省略。*The ways to stop illegally hunting are bei
14、ng talked about.阻止非法捕猎的方法正在研讨中。3“be (am/is/are) under/inn.”有时相当于现在进行时的被动语态。*Many questions are under discussion.Many questions are being discussed.许多问题正在被讨论。4有时表“状态，心理活动，情感”等的动词，常用于一般现在时的被动语态表示“正在进行”。*The runaway of the traffic accident is wanted by the police.警方正在通缉交通事故的逃逸者。即学即练1单句语法填空1My washing m
15、achine _ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.2Now similar concerns _ (raise) by the giants (巨头).3They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _ (rebuild)4As we know, the new buildings that _ (build) at present will be a new key university of our coun
16、try, Xiong An University.即学即练2完成句子1在亚洲的其他地方，正在采取甚至更令人震惊的行动。Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions _.2据报纸报道，武汉正在建设几条新的地铁线路。It is reported in the newspaper that several new subway lines _ in Wuhan.即学即练3句型转换1Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the power-producing
17、 machines of wind farms. (改为主动语态)Many village communities feel _.2The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers are repairing one of the main pipes. (改为被动语态)The water supply has been cut off temporarily because _.3The old temple whose roof was damaged in a storm is now under repa
18、ir.The old temple whose roof was damaged in a storm _.即学即练4根据要求进行句式变化The education programme _.这个教育项目正在被讨论。将画线部分改为现在进行时的被动语态The education programme _.将句改为一般疑问句_对句中的The education programme进行提问_基础知识自测.单句语法填空1Jim _ (interview) by the reporters at the very moment.2It is reported that many a new house _
19、(build) at present in the disaster area.3He is ill. He is _ (examine) by the doctor.4These animals _ (hunt) at such a speed that they will disappear soon.5He is now _ (treat) in Beijing because of his serious illness.6A modern school _ (build) in his hometown. And it will be completed in six months.
20、7Are the babies _ (take) care of by this nurse now?8The little boy has made rapid progress recently and is always _ (praise) by his teachers.9The plan is not _ (discuss) at the meeting now.10Is the house you bought last month _ (decorate) now?.将下列句子变成被动语态1Scientists are studying the disease at prese
21、nt.The disease _ by scientists.2They are playing some rock music.Some rock music _ by them.3A snake is swallowing a frog over there.A frog _ by a snake over there.4Many chemical factories are polluting the drinking water.The drinking water _ by many chemical factories.5The researchers are studying t
22、he life of the panda at present.The life of the panda _ by researchers at present.6The teacher is always praising Tom in public.Tom _ in public by the teacher.7The police are questioning the criminal now.The criminal _ by the police now.8The water in the lake is under pollution.The water in the lake
23、 _.9They arent collecting money for the project these days.Money for the project _ by them these days.10People are not protecting some animals well enough.Some animals _ by people well enough.学科素养提升.短文语法填空A chemical factory 1._ (build) near my village now. The trees 2._ (cut) down and the ground has
24、 been flattened (使变平). Now many materials 3._ (transport) here, including wood, sand, cement, and so on. Some houses have already been built and some 4._ (build) right now.Some people say more chances 5._ (provide) for young villagers in the future. However, I am worried about the environment. Since
25、 trees are gone, many birds 6._ (force) to leave their habitat in the past months. The river behind our village 7._ (pollute) and fish are being killed by the polluted water. Even worse, the polluted water 8._ (do) damage to agriculture as well.Our peaceful environment 9._ (destroy). Measures must b
26、e taken 10._ (protect) the environment.Section Discovering Useful Structures 语法精讲难点透析第一版块|核心单词1tobyreductionhas reduced tohas been reduced byhas been reduced to2to arrivefordue to/owing todue to/because of/owing tois due to be helddue to/because of/owing tois due toThe rent is due第二版块|单元语法即学即练11is b
27、eing repaired2.are being raised3.is being rebuilt4are being built即学即练21are being taken2.are being built即学即练31the powerproducing machines of wind farms are ruining their countryside2one of the main pipes is being repaired by the workers3is now being repaired即学即练4is under discussionis being discussedI
28、s the education programme being discussed?What is being discussed?课时达标随堂自测.单句语法填空1is being interviewed2.is being built3.being examined4are being hunted5.being treated6.is being built7.being taken8being praised9.being discussed10.being decorated.将下列句子变成被动语态1is being studied at present2.is being playe
29、d3is being swallowed4.is being polluted5is being studied6.is always being praised7is being questioned8.is being polluted9isnt being collected10.are not being protected.语法填空1is being built2.have been cut3.are being transported4.are being built5.will be provided6.have been forced7.is being polluted8.is doing9.is being destroyed10.to protect
