1、新人教版必修一第五单元：Unit 5 Nelson Mandela定语从句相关讲解限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that。3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就 不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描 述的作用。 1) This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。 2) Beijing, which has been Chinas capital for more
2、 than 800 years, is rich in culturaland historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为“的”字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译 为两句。（见上句翻译） 比较: He has a sister, who is a musician. He has a sister who is a musician.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who，whom， whose， 指物时用which，whose； 关系副词when，where，why，etc.1. He
3、 studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.2. Toms father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.3. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.4. He was proud, which his brother never was. as 的用法 (a
4、s 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)(1) 如为限制性的，多用于the same.as； the same as；such.as.； as many/much as；so.as等结构中。如：1. I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。 Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. (关系代词as和指示代词same连用，在从句中用作表语，先行词是same。)2. -Why didnt you mention that in face of the
5、 police just now? - I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning. We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests. Dont do such things as you are not sure about. There is no such place as you dream of in all this world. 比较：I live in the same h
6、ouse that he used to live in. Im wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday. 比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）(2) 如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为“正如，这一”。（动词常为know，see，expect，point out，etc.）1. As we all know, smokin
7、g is harmful to ones health. (as 作宾语) =As is known to all, smoking is harmful to ones health. (as 作主语） =Its known to all that smoking is harmful to ones health. 或: Smoking is harmful to ones health, as we all know.（as 作宾语） 或: Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one health.2. He was a foreigner, a
8、s I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子) as & which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别： (1) 位置的不同： which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前 面；插在句子中或放在句子后。 如：1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry. 2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或 Jack is an honest man, as you know. 或 As you know, Jack
9、is an honest man. (2) 先行词的不同： as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子； which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。 1. He was proud, which his brother never was. （先行词是一个词） She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. （先行词是一个短语） He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子） 2. He is an ho
10、nest man, as is known to all. He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent. (3) as 一般译为 “正如”、“就像”， “这一点” as we all know；as you know； as is known to all；as you see； as we can see； as has been expected；as we have imagined 附: 关系代词的省略:1. This is the fastest train there is to Beijing.2. He asks for the
11、latest book there is on the shelf.3. -What did the football player you were talking to want? -He would like to read or listen to an account of everything there is going on in theworld.语法专练1 The best work _ Luxun wrote and _ I have read has been made into a film.A. which; that B. that; C. ; that D. ;
12、 2 It was in 1969 _ two Americans got to the moon by space ship.It was 1969 _ two Americans got to the moon by space ship.A. when B. which C. that D. 3 Is this the house _ Shakespeare was born?A. at which B. which C. in which D. at where4 Is this house _ Shakespeare was born?A. where B. which C. in
13、which D. at which5 In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. to whom B. of whom C. from whom D. that6 The two things _ they felt very proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair. A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which7. Have you ever asked him the reas
14、on _ may explain his being late?A. why B. that C. for which D. what8. Farming is difficult _ there is no rain.A. where B. in place C. that D. the place where9. We need the same machine _ in your factory.A. which is being usedB. as is being used C. that is being used D. as it is being used10_ the peo
15、ple, not things _ are most important.A. There are; who B. Those are; that C. It is; that D. It was; who11._you know, he is a famous musician. A. As B. which C. That D.12. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.A. as B. that C. which D. what13. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came
16、 as a surprise.A. it B. that C. which D. he 14. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it15. It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. that B. which C. as D. it 答案与解析1-5 CACAA 6-10 BBABC 11-15 AACBB1. 如果两个定语从句并列，关系
17、代词作宾语时前一句的可以省略，但后一句的不可省略，故应选C。2. 第一句是强调时间in 1969, 强调结构是“It was强调部分that句”，故应选C。第二句It是表 时间的，先行词1969在从句中作状语，故选A。3. 观察题目，空白处只有填in which或where才能表达“这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗？” 这一意思， 故答案为C。4. 将此句变为陈述句。This house is _ Shakespeare was born. 显然is后是一表语从句，只有 选where(the place where)才能表达“这是莎士比亚的” 这一意思，故答案为A。5. “介词关系代词” 要考虑短语搭
18、配或与先行搭配，这道题短语turn to有关，故应选A。6. 涉及be/feel proud of短语，故答案为B。7. 此题易误选A、C，因为先行词是the reason，但细观察分析，定语从句缺少主语，所以答案是B。注 意what不能引导定语从句。8. 因为difficult是形容词，故其后不是定语从句。这儿的空白处应填引导状语从句where(in the place where), 全句表达“在没有雨水的地方耕种困难”。这一意思，可见答案为A。9. 根据“the same先行词” 后跟as引导定语从句的原则，可知答案为B。10. 仔细观察分析题目，可知只有C构成强调句才有成立。当我们要检
19、验视其为强调句的判断是否正确时，只要将“It is (或was).that”这三个词去掉，剩下部分读起来正确无误，则证明判断是正确的，反之是错误的。此题如不填“It is.that”三词，句子是The people, not things aremost important.语义完整正确，说明选C是对的。11. A。as引导非限定性定语从句，翻译成：正如你知道的那样。12. A。为限制性的，多用于the same.as； the same as；such.as.； as many/much as； so.as等结构中。13. 此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用which，it 和he
20、都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。14. which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。that不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。15. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
