1、专题八 情态动词和虚拟语气.在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式1My room is a mess，but I _not clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.解析：考查情态动词。句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以每天早晨打扫。故填need。答案：need2Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week？If you _(tell)me，I could have helped.解析：句意：上个星期你为什么不告诉我你
2、的麻烦事？如果你告诉我了，我就能帮你。根据句意和相关信息判断，条件句表示与过去事实相反的假设，此时从句用过去完成时，主句谓语用“情态动词have done”形式。答案：had told3You _ be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.解析：句意为：你一定是卡罗尔。这么多年后你一点儿都没变。根据语境可知，此处应该用情态动词表示推测，由下文“这么多年后你一点儿也没变”可推知此处为非常肯定的猜测，故填must，意为“一定”。答案：must4He _ sleep，although he tried to，when he got
3、 on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.解析：考查情态动词。句意：尽管他想努力睡着，但还是无法入眠。此时他就开始寻找睡着的办法，直到找到为止。根据语境可知，他显然是“不能”入睡，根据句中的although he tried to可知这里说的是过去的事情，所以用cannot的过去式。答案：couldnt5The door _ open，no matter how hard she pushed.解析：考查情态动词。句意：无论她怎样用力推，这扇门就是打不开。根据句意可知，wouldnt 用于表示过去的否定句中时，表示拒绝，可译为“不肯/
4、愿意，总是不”等。这里门好像有了意愿一样和她作对，这是一种拟人的用法。答案：wouldnt6Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.解析：考查情态动词。句意：如果我现在能有足够的钱，我将和约翰一起去欧洲度假。本题考查情态动词表能力。can能够符合题意，故填can。答案：can7The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able_get out.解析：考查情态动词。was able to表示经过努力能够做到，
5、强调成功。句意：大火很快蔓延了整个宾馆，但是大家都成功地离开了。根据语境可知，强调成功地逃出，故填to。答案：to【特别提醒】表示“能力”的情态动词有：can，could，be able to(1)情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在时can和过去式could，而be able to有多种时态形式。Mary can play the piano.She has been able to play it since she was five.玛丽会弹钢琴，她5岁起就会弹了。(2)表示过去能力时，was/were able to表示经过一番努力后取得了成功。相当于manage to do或succ
6、eed in doing，而could没有这个含义。Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain.昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。8The fire in the supermarket last night was terrible!They _ have taken some measures to prevent it occurring.解析：句意为“超市昨晚的火灾很可怕。他们本应该采取一些措施来预防火灾”。这里表示“应该做某事而实际上未做”，所以用should have done结构。答案：should9One of our
7、 rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school.解析：考查情态动词的用法。句意：我们有一项规定，每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。此处shall表示按照法律、条例、规定必须要做的事情。答案：shall10I _ not use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.解析：句意：我不必用钟表唤醒自己，因为火车每天早上六点经过我的房子。根据原因状语从句的内容可知此处表示的是“不必”。故填n
8、eed。答案：need11I dont care what people think.Well，you_解析：句意：我不介意别人怎么想。噢，你应该那么做。根据语境可知，应选should，意为“应该”，表示一种建议，劝说。答案：should【特别提醒】表示“必要性”的情态动词通常有：must，should，ought to，have to(1)ought to与should意思大体相同，但ought to语气比should重，往往表示从法律或道义上“应该”。You are his father and ought to take care of him.你是他父亲，应当照顾他。(有责任，从道义上
9、应该)Young people should show respect to the old.年轻人应该尊重老年人。(2)have to表示“必须，不得不”，这个意义与must很接近，但must表示主观意志，而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。I told her that she must give up smoking.我叫她必须戒烟。I have to hand in my term paper before 5：00 pm.today.我今天上午5点前必须交上我的学期论文。12The new law states that people _ not drive after d
10、rinking alcohol.解析：句意：新颁布的法律禁止人们酒后驾车。由题干中的law可知答案为must。答案：must13Will you read me a story，Mummy?OK.You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.解析：句意：妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？好，如果你尽快睡觉，我就给你讲一个。Shall在此处表示“允诺”，故填shall。答案：shall【特别提醒】情态动词“偏义”大本营(1)表示过去经过努力而成功地做了某件具体的事情时，只能用was/were able to，不用could。(2)must有一种含义
11、，即“偏要”。(3)shall可以用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人的允诺、命令、警告、威胁等；在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等。(4)will可以表示意愿。will还可以表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性等，意为“经常，惯于，总是”。(5)should表示惊异、意外等情绪，经常用于疑问句和肯定句中，多译为“竟然，居然”。14George cant _(go)too far.His coffee is still warm.解析：句意：乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。cant have done是对过去的否定推测。答案：have gone15You_be careful with
12、the camera.It costs! 解析：句意为：你必须要小心使用相机。它很贵重！根据下文的It costs！可知，此处是说话人对使用相机的人提出的要求，must意为“必须”，表示说话人主观上的要求，语气强烈。答案：must16It _ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.解析：考查情态动词。句意：你难以完成那道练习题，不可能是词汇量的原因，因为你掌握了大量的词汇。根据原因状语从句because you know a lot of wor
13、ds可知，主句应该是否定的。此处为对可能性的推测，couldnt 表示“不可能”。答案：couldnt17What are you doing this Saturday?Im not sure，but I _ go to the Rolling Stones concert.解析：考查情态动词。句意：“你这个周六做什么？”“我不确定，但是我或许会去滚石演唱会。”根据答语的前半句“我不确定”可知，空格处应填表示“可能，或许”意思的词语。答案：might/may18Good morning.Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personn
14、el Department.Ah，good morning.You _ be Mrs.Peters.解析：第一个说话人说和史密斯小姐有约，那么，下面的人就该回应说，“那您一定就是Mrs.Peter了”，故填must。答案：must19What do you mean，there are only ten tickets？There _ be twelve.解析：你这是什么意思，只有十张票吗？应该有十二张。should表示“应该，应当”。故填should。答案：should20_ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry, Sir
15、, but its urgent.解析：根据第二个问句可知，此处应用must, 意为“非要，偏要”，用来告诉某人他的举止使你很生气或困扰。答案：Must21Ive ordered some pizza, so we _ worry about cooking when we get home tired.解析：句意：我已经预订了一些比萨饼，所以当我们到家感到累的时候就不必担心做饭的事了。根据句意可知，答案为neednt。答案：neednt22If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he _ (be) able
16、to speak it much better now.解析：根据句子结构及时间状语now可知，此题为混合式虚拟语气，主句表示与现在事实相反的假设，故用would/might/ could/ should be。答案：would/might/could/should be23If you _ (follow) the doctors advice, you would be all right now.解析：句意：如果你当初听了医生的建议，你现在就好了。根据句意可知，从句表示的动作与过去事实相反，主句表示的动作与现在事实相反。由此可知，答案为had followed。答案：had follow
17、ed24We often hear that children wish they _ (be) grownups, and that old people wish to be young.解析：句意：我们经常听到孩子们希望长大，而老人希望年轻。wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气。根据wish可知，空格处是对现在情况的假设，故用were。答案：were25I am sure I saw Brian in the park this morning.You _ be imagining things.He left for America last night.解析：句意：我确信今天上午我在公
18、园里见到了布莱恩。你一定是在胡思乱想。他昨天夜里去美国了。must用于肯定句，意为“一定”，表示非常有把握的推测。答案：must26Ill have to write a report about “Jane Eyre” next week, but I havent got the book yet.Dont worry.You _ have it by noon tomorrow.解析：句意：我下周要写一篇关于简爱的报告，但我还没有书呢。别担心。到明天中午你就会拿到了。shall与第二、三人称连用，用于陈述句表示说话者给对方的允诺。答案：shall27I _ thank you too m
19、uch because without your help I wouldnt have won the first prize.解析：句意：我都不知道该怎么谢你了。没有你的帮助我不会获得一等奖。cant与too连用，意为“再也不为过”。答案：cant28It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I _ (do) it?解析：句意：是约翰打坏的窗户，你为什么和我说呢？好像是我打坏的一样。第一句已经说明是约翰打坏的窗户，所以第二句中as if后面要用虚拟语气，而且是对过去的虚拟，故填had done。答案：h
20、ad done29Mr.Johnsons proposal was that we _ (cancel) the examination and ask the students to write term papers instead.解析：句意：约翰逊先生的提议是我们应该取消考试，而让学生写学期论文。在proposal，suggestion，order，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中一般要使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。答案：(should)cancel30Catherine would rather that she _ (take)
21、the pain instead of her baby.We cant imagine how upset she was.解析：句意：凯瑟琳宁愿自己代替她的宝宝受苦。我们难以想象她多么难受。would rather后面接从句时应用虚拟语气。根据后一句中的how upset she was可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词应用“had过去分词”。答案：had taken.情态动词填空在空白处填入最合适的情态动词。Despite the fact that you 1._ wear school uniform every day, you 2._ still find yo
22、urself a place at the cutting edge(领先地位) of fashion. From coloured shoelaces to special snacks(零食), this is what the cool kids in your class believe in for the summer.It 3._ not be practical for you to have a new pair of shoes every day, but moving from one colour shoelaces to another 4._ show your
23、desire for a new look.Bright coloursred, green, light gold, pink, purple, are the top choices. There are also sports laces that come in colour combinations, such as red/white and red/black. You 5._ even try to lace up your sports shoes in two colours!Has changing cell phone accessories(小挂件) become p
24、art of your life? Although you 6._ not be able to afford the most advanced phone, you 7._ still decorate it. Girls 8._ prefer fluffy(毛茸茸的)Teddy Bears that change colour according to the temperature, while many boys like taking accessories that say things such as “The teacher is coming.”Try sticking
25、photos(大头照). They are cheap, convenient and 9._ be carried around in your wallet. You 10._ even choose special backgrounds of cartoon figures to show your individuality(个性)答案：1.have to2.can3.may4.can/will5can/may6.may7.can8.may9can10.can/may.改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)1John，look at the time.Need you play t
26、he piano at such a late hour?_解析：句意：约翰，看看时间。这么晚了你偏要弹钢琴吗？从说话人的语气判断，含有不满之意。must在此表示特定的语气和态度，意为“偏要，硬要”。故把Need 改为Must。答案：Need改为Must2I must not have been more than six years old when the accident happened._解析：句意：在事故发生时我不可能超过6岁。mustnt意为“一定不能，被禁止”，不能与have done连用。故把must改为could。答案：must改为could3Would it snow，t
27、he crops would grow better._解析：句意：如果下雪的话，这些庄稼会长得更好。本题考查与将来事实相反的if条件句，if从句的谓语动词形式为：过去式；should动词原形；were to动词原形。与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，if从句中情态动词只用should，不用would 。故把Would改为Should。答案：Would改为Should4The little boy handles the vase as if it is made of steel._解析：句意：这个小男孩拿着花瓶好像它是钢制成似的。本题考查虚拟语气，“as if”意为“好像”，分析句意可知as if
28、后面的句子需用虚拟语气并且所述事实是对现实情况的假设，因此使用一般过去时，故把is改为were。答案：is改为were5I wish I was a bird and could fly freely in the blue sky._解析：wish后的从句应用虚拟语气，根据wish可知，这里应表示与现在情况相反的虚拟语气，在虚拟语气中，be动词的过去式不论人称、不论单复数一律用were。答案：waswere6You need have studied that late last night.It was harmful to your health._解析：由后面的句子可知，前一句句意为“
29、昨天晚上你不应该学到那么晚”，因此应用need的否定形式。neednt have done“本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。答案：needneednt7If I was five years younger, I would take the job._解析：句意：如果我能年轻五岁的话，我就会接受这份工作。 if虚拟条件句表示与现在事实相反时，从句谓语动词用were或did，主句谓语动词用“would/could/should/mightdo”来表示。答案：waswere8If I persuaded him not to do so, he wouldnt have made such a
30、serious mistake._解析：根据主句中的wouldnt have made可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，因此if从句用过去完成时。答案：persuaded前加had9Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he does something instead of just talking._解析：“Its high timethat从句”句式中从句用虚拟语气。从句中的谓语用did/should do，should不可以省略。答案：doesdid/should do10I should very much like to have g
31、one to the party but I was invited._解析：句意：本来我非常想去参加这个聚会，但是没人邀请我。should like to have done意为“本想做而未做某事”，由此可知事实是：聚会已经举办过了，当时我“没有”受到邀请。答案：invited前加not11It has been announced that students might remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected._解析：句意：根据宣布的内容，学生必须待在自己的座位上直到所有的试卷收完为止。shall用于二、
32、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者允诺、警告、命令或威胁等语气；此外，当颁布法律、规定时也用shall。此句shall的用法属于后者。答案：mightshall12He may be the wanted man: he is exactly like the one in this picture._解析：句意：他一定是通缉犯，他太像这张照片上的人。must表示很有把握的推测，意为“一定”。答案：maymust13We would as well stay where we are, because the outside is unsafe._解析：句意：我们最好待在现在待的地方，因为外面不安全
33、。“may/might as well动词原形”为固定用法，意思是“不妨，还是好”。答案：wouldmay/might14Its so cold today.If it should get warmer this afternoon, I will wash my car._解析：句意：今天真冷。如果今天下午天气变暖的话，我会去洗洗车。后一句中从句时间状语是this afternoon，表示将来；从句的谓语是“should动词原形”，表示与将来事实相反的假设，因此主句谓语用“would动词原形”。答案：willwould15If Rose hadnt lost her left leg in the accident last year, she wouldnt have sit in the wheelchair now._解析：句意：如果罗丝没有在去年的那场事故中失去她的左腿，她现在就不会坐在轮椅上了。该句使用了混合虚拟语气，主句与从句所指的时间不一致，主句与从句的时态应根据实际的时间概念确定。根据句意及now可知，主句为对现在的虚拟，应用wouldnt sit。答案：去掉have
