1、5.篇章结构题A(2019东北三校模拟)话题：生态旅游难度：建议用时：7分According to the International Ecotourism Society，ecotravel is “responsible travel to natural areas that protects the environment，maintains the wellbeings and involves education”Ecotravel is on the rise，as more and more people become conscious about their carbon
2、footprint.Expert from Boundless Journeys，Matt Holmes，who works on travel experiences towards conserving areas said，“As scientists and nonscientists learn more about how we human beings are impacting the planet，I think more people want to do what they can while still exploring the world.Our guests ar
3、e definitely interested in that aspect of our journeys.Travelers can farm their own food in Italy，managing their use of water and using solar or wind power.They can also visit a familyrun camp that cares for retired logging elephants in Myanmar，know a park entry fee goes to a conservation organizati
4、on in Costa Rica，employ and train members of the local community or partner with a protection group.There are lots of options for seeking out greener holiday.”Most people believe that ecotravel is expensive and it is true.Matt explained “Antipoaching patrols (反猎捕小队) need to be paid，solar energy equi
5、pment costs a lot to install，building with environmentally friendly materials is more expensive and so on.The extra cost is necessary，as youre paying to minimize your footprint and protect the places you visit，which is exactly what ecotravel is about.The financial success and sustainability (可持续性) o
6、f an ecofocused operation doesnt come from thin air.” The industry is trying to make ecotravel affordable and make it accessible to the common people.1What is the positive influence of ecofriendly travel?AIt enables travelers to protect the environment while traveling.BIt keeps human beings healthy
7、and happy in a friendly atmosphere.CIt teaches us to be responsible for the development of economy.DIt offers some valuable education about the knowledge of gardening.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段“According to the International Ecotourism Society，ecotravel is responsible travel to natural areas that protects the
8、 environment，maintains the wellbeings and involves education”可知，环保旅游的积极影响是它使旅行者在旅行时保护环境，故选A。2According to Matt Holmes，travelers will be interested in .Aeating delicious food in ItalyBvisiting elephants in the zooCworking together with a protection groupDraising park entry fee in Costa Rica答案C解析细节理解题
9、。根据第二段“Our guests are definitely interested in that aspect of our journeys.”以及“employ and train members of the local community or partner with a protection group.”可知据马特福尔摩斯所说，旅行者将有兴趣与一个保护组织合作，故选C。3What will probably be talked about in the next paragraph of the passage?AWhy ecotravel is expensive.BHo
10、w we can make ecotravel less expensive.CWhat materials are used in ecotravel.DWhere we can go for ecotravel.答案B解析篇章结构题。根据最后一段最后一句“The industry is trying to make ecotravel affordable and make it accessible to the common people.”可推断出，接下来会谈论如何降低生态旅游的成本，故选B。B(2019江苏如皋模拟)话题：彩虹色的作用难度：建议用时：8分A good disguis
11、e keeps you hidden，right? Well，sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators(捕食者)，which allows colorful prey to survive another day.Those surprising results appear in the journal Scientific Rep
12、orts.Shining iridescent color，which changes depending on the angle from which its viewed，is favored by everything from birds to beetles and blossoms to butterflies.“And in our research group we are of course interested in why this vivid metallic color is so widespread in nature.” Karin Kjernsmo of t
13、he University of Bristol adds that in some cases the showy splashes of light are a sexual strategy.“Here I would like to point out that in some species，particularly those that display strong sexual dimorphism(雌雄两性)，such as birds of paradise or some butterflies or fishes，the occurrence of iridescence
14、 is most likely driven by sexual selection.For example，in many of these cases it is the males that have these vivid iridescent colors and they use them in mate choice or they use them as a signal to attract mates.” But iridescence also shows up in situations where reproduction is not an issue.“So wh
15、at we are studying now is whether natural selection imposed by predation(捕食行为) could explain the occurrence of iridescence in prey animals.”The idea that eyecatching colors could be used as a coverup isnt a new one.“The father of camouflage theory，Abbott Thayer，really believed that iridescence shoul
16、d be categorized as a camouflage strategy.And he wrote in his famous lifework ConcealingColoration in the Animal Kingdom，already in 1909，that brilliantly changeable or metallic colors are among the strongest factors in an animals concealmentAnd this sounds like a completely unreasonable thing to say
17、，because how can colors that are both brilliant and changeable contribute to animals concealment？”“In a similar way，we were asking whether iridescence，due to its changeability，could work as a form of camouflage by preventing shape recognition.”Kjernsmo and her colleagues trained bumblebees to associ
18、ate a particular shapea circle or an ovalwith a sugar reward.And they found that the bees，when given a choice，would preferentially visit the shape they knew to be sweet.But when the shapes were iridescent，the bees had trouble telling them apart.“It seemed that the strikingly iridescent surfaces on o
19、ur targets visually broke up the otherwise recognizable shape of the targets，which made them hard to distinguish.”As for making use of this method for hiding in plain sight，“Any practical applications is of course directly linked to any industry that has an interest in camouflage，that is how to conc
20、eal objects or make them more difficult to recognize.”The researchers are currently conducting experiments with birds，which often prey on iridescent insects to see if it helps to have a birds eyeview.4According to the passage，iridescence is not made use of by animals to .Alive a little longer by esc
21、aping their predators.Bcatch the attention of their matesCconceal themselves when in dangerDcatch sight of more colorful preys答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，彩虹色被动物用来逃离捕食者而活得更久，排除A；根据第三段内容可知，动物用彩虹色引起同伴的注意，排除B；根据倒数第二段内容排除C，故选D。5From the study in the last paragraph，we can learn that .Abees can always tell the di
22、fference between a circle and an ovalBbees are creatures that are fascinated by sweet things that are iridescentCif a circle，with a sugar reward，is iridescent，the bees may have difficulty finding itDbees are likely to prefer circles to ovals，whether they are iridescent or not答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第五句“It
23、seemed that the strikingly iridescent surfaces on our targets visually broke up the otherwise recognizable shape of the targets，which made them hard to distinguish.”可知选C。6What will be talked about in the following paragraph?AWhether there are any differences between bees and birds.BSome industries t
24、hat have great interest in camouflage.CWhy birds are not affected by iridescent insects.DWhich camouflage theory applies more to birds.答案C解析篇章结构题。文章最后一句说研究人员目前正在对鸟类进行实验，这些鸟类的饮食中经常含有彩虹色的昆虫。实验目的是看看鸟类的视角是否能提供帮助。由此推断，接下来一段会谈论为什么鸟类不受彩虹色昆虫的影响，故选C。7Which of the following might serve as the best title of th
25、e passage?AA Famous Camouflage StrategyBMetallic Iridescent as the Best DisguiseCColors Unique to AnimalsDShining Colors as a Sexual Strategy答案B解析标题归纳题。第一段第二句“Well，sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually
26、puzzle predators(捕食者)，which allows colorful prey to survive another day.”是全文的主题句，再结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏，故B项作标题最佳。C(2019宁夏银川一中二模)话题：竞技啦啦队难度：建议用时：8分Over the years，cheerleading has taken two primary forms：gametime cheerleading and competitive cheerleading.Gametime cheerleaders main goal is to ent
27、ertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers，which should not be considered a sport.However，competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment.It is really a competitive sport.Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity.The majority of the teams require a certain level
28、of tumbling(翻腾) ability.Its a very common thing for gymnasts，so its easy for them to go into competitive cheerleading.Usually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps，tumbling，and overall energy.They also perform lifts and throws.This is where the “flier
29、s” are thrown in the air，held by “bases” in different positions that require strength and working with other teammates.Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared.It is awarded points for technique，creativity and sharpness.Usually the m
30、ore difficult the action is，the better the score is.Thats why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance.Besides，there is also a strict rule of time.The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds，during which the cheerleaders
31、 are required to stay within a certain area.Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries.According to some research，competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of
32、serious sports injuries to women.Emergency room visits for it are five times the number than for any other sport，partially because cheerleaders dont use protective equipment.Smiling cheerleaders are thrown into the air and move down into the arms of the teammates，which may easily cause injuries.Gene
33、rally，these injuries affect all areas of the body，including wrists，shoulders，ankles，head，and neck.There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills.Hopefully，it will appear in the Olympics since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as those invol
34、ved in the more accepted sports.It should be noted that it is a team sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down.So without working together to achieve the goal，first place is out of reach.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。介绍了竞技啦啦队是一项具有专业技能的运动，它包含的内容、技术难度以及要求的技能等，
35、让我们对它有了一个全面的了解和认识。8What is the main purpose of competitive cheerleading?ATo compare skills of participants.BTo make the audience feel amused.CTo attract more people to watch events.DTo cheer up the competitors on the court.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句、第二段第一句及最后一段第一句“There can be no doubt that competitive ch
36、eerleading is a sport with professional skills.”可知，竞技啦啦队是一项竞争性强的、具有专业技能的运动。故选A。9The underlined word “integrate” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”Aexamine BcombineCidentify Dreplace答案B解析词义猜测题。根据语境可知，这些当过体操员的啦啦队队长会将他们的体操经验融入、整合到啦啦队动作中，包括跳跃、翻滚和整体力量。此处integrate指整合、融入，与combine同义，故选B。10We can learn from t
37、he passage that competitive cheerleading .Alacks necessary guidelines to followBenjoys greater popularity than other sportsCrequires more designed actions than gymnasticsDhas a relatively high rate of damage to the body答案D解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，竞技啦啦队很容易造成队员受伤，并且会造成身体多个部位的受伤。故选D。11Which of the following s
38、hows the structure of the passage?I：IntroductionP：PointSp：Subpoint (次要点)C：Conclusion答案C解析篇章结构题。文章第一段是总体介绍竞技啦啦队，第二段介绍其包括的内容和标准，第三、四段介绍其规则，第五段介绍竞技啦啦队受伤率很高，最后一段得出结论：竞技啦啦队是一项专业技能的运动。属于总分总结构，故选C。D(2019北京朝阳区一模)话题：儿童护理难度：建议用时：8分Early or Later Day CareMany young parents are confused about whether their chil
39、dren should have early day care，and there have always been different views on this subject.The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby believes that separation from parents during the sensitive “attachment” period from birth to three may scar a childs personality and lead to psychological problems in late
40、r life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbys work that children should not be subjected to day care before three because of the parental separation it causes，and many people do believe this.According to Bowlby，a great deal of psychological harm can occur when young children are separate
41、d from their parents.If they are left without touch for a while，they will have a higher stress level.Parents influence on their childrens wellbeing may never be greater than during the earliest years of life，when a childs brain is developing rapidly and when nearly all of her or his experiences are
42、shaped by parents and the family environment.However，there are critics.Some anthropologists (人类学家) point out that the love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies.There has been a long history of the fact that father and mother di
43、d not bring up their children alone.Plato，around 394 BC，argued that a system of early child care would free women to participate in society.Results from Israeli and Dutch studies show that childraising duties are more evenly distributed among a broader group of people.Besides，studies have reported t
44、hat early day care has a neutral or slightly positive effect on childrens development.They learn the benefits of being socially smart，understanding the concept of sharing and caring.They promote concentration skills，which is very important in their learning.There are games where children are taught
45、basic language and mathematical skills through stories and everyday examples.Common sense tells us that early day care would not be so widespread if children had problems with it.But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that it has delayed effects.The possibility that such care might lead to more
46、 mental illness 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics.Whatever the longterm effects，parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with.Children under three dislike leaving their parents and show unhappiness.At the age of three almost all children find it
47、 easy to go to the nursery.The matter，then，is far from being clearly known，though experience and available evidence indicate that early day care is reasonable for young children.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文，讨论了三岁之前的儿童是否应该被送去日间护理托儿所。文章分别介绍了支持与反对两种不同的观点，并详细说明了理由。12The passage mainly argues whether .Achildren over thr
48、ee should accept school educationBchildren under three should be sent to nursery schoolsCthe family relationship is different in traditional societiesDearly day care should be totally replaced in modern societies答案B解析主旨大意题。根据文章第一段及全文内容可知，本文主要讨论了三岁之前的儿童是否应该被送去日间护理托儿所。故B项正确。13Which of the following su
49、pports Bowlbys theory?AEarly day care wouldnt be so popular if it had negative effects.BSeparation from parents for young children is common in history.CParents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.DStudies show early day care has a positive effect on childrens develop
50、ment.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，约翰鲍尔比认为三岁之前孩子与父母分开会给孩子的个性造成影响，并给孩子以后的生活带来精神方面的问题。而性格和精神方面的问题是很难处理的。故选C项。14The authors attitude towards early day care is that .Achildren under three should stay with their parentsBit has potential benefits for both children and parentsCthe bad effect of it on children will
51、 disappear as they grow upDit is controversial and the settlement calls for the use of statistics答案D解析作者态度题。根据最后一段前两句可知，作者认为三岁之前送孩子去托儿所的影响是存在争议的，很难说这种做法是正确的还是错误的；再根据最后一段第三句可知，作者认为要根据具体的数据来分析这个问题。综上所述，选D项。15Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I：IntroductionP：PointSp：S
52、ubpoint (次要点)C：Conclusion答案B解析篇章结构题。本文是一篇议论文。第一段提出文章讨论的话题，也就是Introduction；第二、三段讲了英国精神分析专家约翰鲍尔比反对三岁之前送孩子去托儿所的理由，也就是Point 1；第四、五段是支持送孩子去托儿所的理由，也就是Point 2；第四、五段是两个次要点，也就是Sp 1和Sp 2；文章最后一段作出了最终的结论。所以B项与文章的结构相吻合。故选B项。E话题：孩子说谎问题难度：建议用时：8分Getting your children to stop lying is challenging.There are many inf
53、luences (TV，movies，video games and some great books) in which lies are common.Children see parents lie to others，if only to be polite.Most parents add to that with tales about the lives and activities of Santa Claus or the Tooth Fairy，or to allay fears.(“This will not hurt！”) Parents do this out of
54、love，but for some children，lying can become a problem.The most common reactions to children who lie are explaining why it is wrong and punishment.But as ways of changing behavior，these are ineffective.However，what counts is to praise.You could ask your child to say something that happened at school
55、that is true.It is not critical what that is.This is about practice.When your child complies，praise him enthusiastically.Be specific：“That was great! You told me what happened just like I asked.Wow！” and give your child a hug or a high five.If your child says something true in the course of her day，
56、praise that behavior too.Aim for one or two interactions like this a day.If you happen to “catch” your child in a lie，be matteroffact in your disapproval.Say something like，“That is not true and could get you in trouble outside of the home; it is better to say the truth.”Besides，you should set a goo
57、d example to your kids and tell the truth explicitly.This could be about something that happened when you were a child or something that happened during the day.It need not be dramatic.Another option is to play a game at dinner.Each person tells one thing that was true that day.Again，give a little p
58、raise to the child who normally lies if she plays along.In most instances，children are unlikely to change behavior or develop the conduct you want.That does not mean ignoring，lying or letting it go.Rather，use very mild punishment (light reprimand，short loss of privilege，a brief timeout)More severe，h
59、arsh or enduring punishments (shouting，taking away something for a week，hitting) are not more effective in actually changing the frequency of lying.Try these procedures for two to three weeks and see where you are.Usually they can be dropped by then.It is unlikely that lying will be completely remov
60、ed，but with the right encouragement，it can be dramatically lessened.语篇解读让你的孩子不再说谎，也许是一件很有挑战性的事情。通过此文，我们可以学习到，孩子说谎时我们应该做些什么。16Which punishment is relatively ineffective?AA brief timeout.BLight reprimand.CShort loss of privilege.DTaking away something for a week.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句可知，大叫、把东西拿走一个星期
61、和打等严厉的惩罚相对是无效的。故选D。17What can we conclude from the passage?AParents can tell lies sometimes.BLying will disappear thoroughly.CPunishment can change behaviors.DPraising your kids a lot is beneficial.答案A解析推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二、三、四句可知，父母说谎往往是出于礼貌或爱，从而可以推断出，父母有时候可能说谎。故选A。18Which of the following could serve a
62、s the best title?AIs Lying a Problem?BCan Kids Stop Lying?CWhat Can You Do When Kids Tell Lies?DHow Can You Punish Your Kids for Lying?答案C解析标题归纳题。根据文章大意：让你的孩子不再说谎，也许是一件很有挑战性的事情。通过此文，我们可以学习到，孩子说谎时我们应该做些什么。故选C。19Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?答案B解析篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段是中心段，提出问题让你的孩子不再说谎，也许是一件很有挑战性的事情。第二至四段分别讲让孩子停止说谎的方法，第五段是总结。故选B。
