1、A How can we measure animals emotions? A new study of animals emotions suggests that, as in humans, emotions can tell animals about how dangerous their world is, and guide the choices that they make. The article of the study by Bristol Universitys professor Mike Mendl was published online. An animal
2、 living in an environment where it is often threatened by predators(捕食者）will develop a negative emotion or “mood”, such as anxiety. However, one in an environment with plenty of opportunities to get resources for survival will be in a more positive mood state. The researchers say that these emotiona
3、l states not only show the animals experiences, but also help it decide how to make choices, especially in unclear situations. This could have good or bad results. An animal in a negative mood state will make a safety-first with a “pessimistic” response to an unclear event. For example, it considers
4、 a noise in the grass as a signal of the predator. At the same time, an animal in a positive mood state will benefit from a more “optimistic” response. It considers the noise as a signal of prey(猎物）. Professor Mike Mendl, head of the Animal Welfare and Behavior Research Group at Bristol Universitys
5、School of Clinical Veterinary Science said, “ We can use “optimistic” or “pessimistic”decision-making as a symbol of an animals emotional state. Recent studies by our group and others suggest that this is a meritorious new approach to studying a variety of animal species.” “Public interest in animal
6、 welfare remains high, with widespread concern about the way in which animals are treated, used and included in society. To understand how animals should be treated, we need to better understand their emotional lives,” Mike Mendl said. The researchers believe Mike Mendls study can help them to bette
7、r understand and assess an animals emotions.56. When an animal is in a negative mood state, _.A. its response to an unclear event is pessimistic B. it will pay little attention to an unclear eventB. it is easy for it to make right decisionsC. it has more opportunities to get food57. The underlined w
8、ord “meritorious” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by “_”.A. valuable B. useless C. fashionable D. hopeless58. We can infer from the passage that _.A. the animals with positive emotions live longerB. there is no way to assess an animals emotionsC. few people care about animal welfare nowadaysD. the en
9、vironment can influence animals emotions59. Mike Mendl advised people to better understand animals emotions in order to _.A. tell people to build more protected areas for animalsB. explain animals should be regarded as peoples friendsC. raise peoples interest in studying animalsD. make people know h
10、ow to treat animals properly60. What would be the best title for the passage?A. Different kinds of Animals Emotions B. Emotions Helps Animals to Make ChoiceC. The Living Environment of Wild Animals D. The Best Way to Measure Animals EmotionsB On the high-speed train Avignon to Paris, my husband and
11、I landed in the only remaining seats on the train, in the middle of a car, directly opposite a Frenchwoman of middle years. It was an extremely uncomfortable arrangement to be looking straight into the eyes of a stranger. My husband and I pulled out books. The woman produced a large makeup case and
12、made up her face. Except for a lunch break, she continued this activity for the entire three-hour trip. Every once in a while she surveyed the car with a bright-eyed glance, but never once did she catch my eye. My husband and I could have been a blanket wall. I was amused, but some people would have
13、 felt uncomfortable , even repulsed(厌恶的）.there is something about making up in public that calls up strong emotional reactions. Partly its a question of hygiene. And its a matter of degree. Making up - a private act- has a way of neglecting the presence of others. I was once seated at a party with a
14、 model-actress who immediately waved a silly brush and began dusting her face at the table, demonstrating that while she was next to me, she was not with me. In fact, I am generally prohibited from making up in public, except when I am in the company of cosmetics moment. In a gathering more professi
15、onal than social, I would do so. Kathy Peiss, a history professor at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst says that nose-powdering in the office was an occasion for outrage in 1920s and 30s. Deploring the practice as a waste of company time, trade journals advises managers to discourage it amo
16、ng workers. Peiss theorizes that it was females making up in what has been an all-male field that disturb some gentlemen. Peiss tells me that after the 30s , pulling out a make-up case was no longer an issue. It became an accepted practice. I asked if she feels free to apply lipstick at a profession
17、al lunch herself. Sounding mildly shocked, she says she would save that for the privacy of her car afterward. Why? Because it would be “a gesture of inappropriate feminity(女性化）.” One guess is that most professional women feel this way. There is evidence of the popularity of the new lipsticks that re
18、main in place all day without retouching.61. According to the author, “My husband and I could have been a blanket wall.” (Line 6, Para.1) most probably means “_”.A. We were treated with an expressionless face. B. We looked at the French woman expressionlesslyC. We used books as a wall to avoid the w
19、omans eyesD. We were of no existence in the French womans eyes62. In the authors opinion, she _.A. allows public making up on certain occasionsB. feels comfortable when making up in publicC. only makes up on social occasionsD. makes up before any professional gatherings63. According to Peiss, nose p
20、owdering in an office was criticized mainly for the reason that _.A. normal office work was disturbed B. it discouraged womens interest in careerC. make dominance was emphasized there D. it distracted make workers focus on work64. Why do most professional women give up using lipsticks in public?A. B
21、ecause they are worried about being looked down uponB. Because it emphasizes their female features in wrong situationsC. Because it implies womens disadvantages in academic fieldsD. Because they are ashamed to be seen making up in front of males/65. It can be inferred that in a highly open society,
22、the differences between men and women _.A. have attracted little attention B. hinder the social developmentC. are attractive topics in talk shows D. still call for great concernC We can begin our discussion of “population as a global issue” with what most person mean when they discuss “ the populati
23、on problem”: too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute. It was quite right to employ a similar matter that linked demographic(人口统计学）growth to “ a long, thin power fuse that burns steadily from time to time until it finally reaches t
24、he limit, and explodes”. To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history. We find th
25、at population have been really stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, where infancy and childhood were especiall
26、y risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birth rates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race. This pattern is important to know. Not only does it put the current proble
27、ms of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high rate of death. Demographic history can be divi
28、ded into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8000B.C. till approximately 1650 A.D. And a period of rapid growth since 1650. In the first period of some 9,600 years, the population increased form some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present,
29、 the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2020 there will be 8 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageab
30、le. Between 8000B.C. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the worlds population each year. At present, this number is added very six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.66. According to the passage, “population as a global issue” _.A. is quite
31、unlike the population problem and thus doesnt need our concernB. focuses on tracking down the reason of rapid population growthC. deals with the same problem aroused by the population problemD. will manage the population growth problem from global perspectives67. It can be inferred from the example
32、of a power fuse that _.A. too much population will one day lead to the doom of human beingsB. the trend of population growth will keep unsteady until the destruction of EarthC. demographic growth will follow a certain pattern of ups and downsD. it is likely in the near future that population will re
33、duce gradually68. What leads to a stable growth of population for most of human history?A. Species competition B. Low fertility C. Tribal fights D. High rate of death69. The reason for a rapid growth of population lies in the fact that _.A. people are permitted to have more children B. people can live better than beforeC. newborn babies die less than before D. we have found the secret of longevity70. How many people are born every six hours at present, according to the author?A. Eighty million. B. Eight thousand C. Fifty thousand D. Five million 56-70 AADDB DACBD CADBC
