1、第二课时Using language.词汇初探1duty n. 职责；义务；责任2accident n. 意外事件；偶然因素3ensure v. 确保；保证4annoyed adj. 颇为生气的annoy vt. 使不悦；惹恼annoying adj. 使人烦恼的5adjust vi.& vt. 调整；(使)适应adjustable adj. 可调整的adjustment n. 调节；适应6complexity n. 复杂性；错综复杂complex adj. 复杂的simple adj. 简单的simply_ adv. 简单地；仅仅；只7forgive vt. 原谅；饶恕forgave (过去
2、式)forgiven (过去分词)forgiveness n. 原谅8criticise v. 批评；指责criticism n. 批评9embarrassment n. 窘迫；尴尬embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的embarrassed adj. 尴尬的；陷入困境的.短语互译1偶然；意外地 by_accident 2看不起 look_down_on3领先 take_the_lead4适应 adjust_to5settle down 安顿下来6get along with 和相处7complain about 抱怨8look on 看待.经典句式1Dont judge someon
3、e too quickly. It takes time to_understand a person.(P6)不要太快判断一个人。了解一个人需要时间。2It_is_believed_that EQ plays an even more important role than IQ(intelligence quotient) in peoples lives.(P7)人们相信情商在人们的生活中比智商更重要。3Being_able_to_say_no politely is one of the features of emotional intelligence.(P7)能够礼貌地说“不”是
4、情商的特征之一。.语法初探单句语法填空1Ordinary soap, used (use)correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.2Heated (heat), liquids can be changed into gases.3Raised (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.4Absorbed (absorb) in painting, John didnt notice evening
5、approaching.5Much time spent (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.1 教材原句Prevented from playing her role in Rileys emotional development, Sadness feels annoyed.(P5)由于无法在莱利的情绪发展中扮演她的角色，悲伤感到恼火。He glared at John and was annoyed by his refusal to cooperate.他
6、对约翰怒目而视，对他拒绝合作感到恼怒。 归纳拓展(1)annoy vt. 使不悦；惹恼annoy sb.使某人不高兴；惹恼某人(2)annoyed adj. 感到恼火的；觉得生气的be annoyed with sb.对某人生气be annoyed at/about sth.因某事生气(3)annoying adj.使人不高兴的；恼人的；烦人的 即时巩固完成句子/单句语法填空He got very annoyed_with me at/about my carelessness.他因我的粗心大意而对我很生气。The annoying thing about the scheme is that
7、 its confusing.这项计划可气的地方是它让人一头雾水。I was annoyed with him because he kept interrupting me.2教材原句When Riley moves to a new city，she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings.(P5)当莱利搬到一个新的城市时，她很难适应新的环境。It took her a while to adjust to living alone.她过了一段时间才适应独自生活。 归纳拓展(1)adjust to. 适应adjust onesel
8、f to. 使自己适应/适应于adjust sth.to sth. 为配合而调整(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节make (an) adjustment to. 对进行调整(3)adjustable adj. 可以调节的 即时巩固单句语法填空/完成句子You can adjust the desks and seats to the height of any child.Some schools will have to make adjustments (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.You shoul
9、d adjust_yourself_to the new environment as soon as possible.你应该尽快使自己适应新环境。3 教材原句Try to forgive someone when they apologise.(P6)当别人道歉时，尽力原谅他们。To forgive is a virtue, but no one has ever said it is easy.宽恕是一种品德，但是没有人曾说宽恕是容易的。 归纳拓展(1)forgive me请原谅；对不起forgive ones doing sth.原谅某人做了某事forgive sb.for (doin
10、g) sth.原谅某人(做了) 某事(2)forgive and forget摒弃前嫌(3)forgiveness n原谅 即时巩固单句语法填空Please forgive me for interrupting，but I really dont agree with that.He asked for forgiveness (forgive) for what he had done wrong.4 教材原句Its not a good idea to criticise someone in front of others.This can cause embarrassment.(P
11、6)在别人面前批评某人不是个好主意。这可能会造成尴尬。Her face turned red with embarrassment.她窘得脸都红了。 归纳拓展(1)embarrass vt.使不好意思；使局促不安embarrass sb.使某人尴尬(2)embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的；令人难堪的embarrassed adj. 尴尬的；难堪的；困窘的be embarrassed about 对难为情be embarrassed to do sth. 因做某事感到难为情(3)embarrassment n尴尬to ones embarrassment 使某人感到尴尬的是 即时巩固单
12、句语法填空/完成句子The student felt embarrassed by my embarrassing question, and his embarrassment made me realize I shouldnt have raised such a question. (embarrass)She is embarrassed_about her height.她因自己的身高而困窘。5教材原句Its important to tell the truth. Dont lie.(P6)说实话很重要。不要撒谎。The whole story is nothing but a
13、pack of lies.整个叙述只不过是一连串的谎言。 归纳拓展(1)tell a lietell lies 撒谎；说谎a white lie 善意的谎言(2)lie to sb.对某人撒谎lie in 位于；在于lie down 躺下 名师点津(注意词形变化) 原形过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词义 词性lieliedliedlying说谎vi.lielaylainlying躺；位于vi.laylaidlaidlaying放置；下蛋vt. 即时巩固单句语法填空/完成句子You could see from his expression that he was lying (lie) to u
14、s.She told me that happiness lies in helping others.The moment the bell rang，he laid (lay) the book on the table and rushed out of the classroom.The man lying there lied to us that he had laid the money on the table.躺在那里的那个人向我们撒谎说他把钱放在桌子上了。 6 教材原句Dont always complain about people.(P6)不要总是抱怨别人。He doe
15、s nothing but complain.他除了抱怨什么事也没有做。 归纳拓展(1)complain (to sb.) of/about sth./doing sth.(向某人)投诉/抱怨某事/做某事；(向某人)发牢骚complain (to sb.) that. (向某人)抱怨(2)complaint n. 抱怨；投诉；控告make a complaint about/of sth. 抱怨/投诉某事make a complaint to sb. 向某人抱怨/投诉 即时巩固完成句子Im going to complain_to the manager about this.我要就这件事向经
16、理投诉。The roadwork caused much complaint among local residents.道路施工引起当地居民的很多怨言。1 教材原句Believing that she is Rileys most important emotion, Joy always tries to take the lead.(P5)相信她是莱利最重要的情感，快乐总是尽力带头。Near the end of the race, he took the lead.比赛快结束时，他领先了。 归纳拓展(1)lead sb. ton.带领某人到；使某人得出(观点)lead sb. to d
17、o sth.带领某人做某事lead a.life 过着的生活lead to 引起；导致lead the way 带头，先行(2)in the lead 领先 即时巩固单句语法填空/完成句子As far as I know, it was the car accident due to drunk driving that led to his being killed.She was in_the_lead during the race.她在赛跑中领先。Our joint efforts can lead_to a better environment for our own existen
18、ce.我们共同的努力能够为我们自己的生存带来一个更好的环境。2 教材原句Sadness wants to do her duty but by accident causes the loss of Rileys happy core memories with Joy.(P5)悲伤想要履行自己的职责，但却意外地让莱利失去了带有快乐的核心记忆。As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident.事实上，我在英国上岸是偶然的。 归纳拓展by chance 偶然；意外by any chance 万一；碰巧by no means 绝不by mea
19、ns of 凭借；通过by mistake 错误地by the hour 按小时by weight 按重量 即时巩固完成句子He got on the wrong bus by_mistake.他上错了车。The man who was caught on the scene was there purely by_accident.那个当场被抓的人完全是碰巧在那儿。3 教材原句Accepting sadness as part of life helps Riley deal with the emotional complexity of growing up, and settle do
20、wn in her new life.(P5)接受悲伤是生活的一部分，这有助于莱利处理成长过程中的复杂情绪，并在新生活中安定下来。He wants me to settle down, but now I want to find an adventure.他想让我安定下来，但是现在我想找点儿冒险的事做。 归纳拓展(1)settle down to (doing) sth. 专心于(干)某事settle in/into 适应(2)settlement n. 解决；处理；协议；定居点；开拓reach/arrive at a settlement 达成协议(3)settler n. 移民；殖民者
21、即时巩固完成句子Im glad to learn that youve settled_down in Beijing.得知你定居北京，我很高兴。You will be very promising as long as you settle_down to your work.只要你安心工作，你会有前途的。1 Dont judge someone too quickly.It takes time to understand a person.(P6)不要太快判断一个人。了解一个人需要时间。 句式分析It takes/took(sb.) some time/money to do sth.
22、(某人)花费时间/金钱做某事。it在句中为形式主语，后面的不定式短语to do sth.是句子的真正主语。此外，take还可表示“需要”之意，it takes/took sth. to do sth.做某事需要。It took six years to build and cost US $20 billion.它花费了6年的时间才建成，耗资200亿美元。 归纳拓展(1)sth. take(sb.) time 某物花费(某人)多少时间(2)sb. take some time to do sth. 某人花费多少时间做某事(3)sb. spend some time/money (in) doi
23、ng/on sth.某人花费多少时间/金钱做某事(4)(doing) sth. cost (sb.) some time/money(做)某事花费(某人)多少时间/金钱(5)sb. pay some money for sth.某人为某物花费多少金钱 即时巩固单句语法填空/完成句子On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to_drive (drive) to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.As a new graduate, he doesnt know what it
24、takes to_start (start) a business here.She says that shell never forget the time which she has spent working (work) as a secretary in our company.The watch was very good, and he paid 20 percent down for it.Believe it or not, it takes great courage to_tell the truth. 信不信由你，说实话需要勇气。2 It is believed th
25、at EQ plays an even more important role than IQ(intelligence quotient) in peoples lives.(P7)人们相信情商在人们的生活中比智商更重要。 句式分析It is believed that. 句型中， it 是形式主语； that 从句是真正的主语。由于主语从句放在句首，往往显得头重脚轻，因此，常把它移到句子后面，而把 it 放在句首，作形式主语。It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.据报道，事故中没有乘客受伤。 归纳拓展类
26、似用法还有：(1)Its形容词(possible, important, strange, natural.)that从句/for sb. to do sth.(2)Its过去分词(said, known, thought, believed, supposed, reported.)that从句(3)It不及物动词(seem, occur, happen.)that从句(4)Its名词短语(a pity, a fact, a wonder, an honour, no wonder.)that从句 名师点津在It is necessary/important/strange/natural/
27、a pity/essentialthatclause 中，从句的谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should 可以省略。 即时巩固单句语法填空/完成句子It is reported that donating blood does good to health.It occurred to me that the noodles you cooked tasted good.Its a shame that we failed to fulfil the task ahead of time.It is necessary that he (should)_be_sent (send) t
28、here at once.It_is_obvious_that smart phones play an important role in our daily life.显而易见，手机在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用。3 Being able to say no politely is one of the features of emotional intelligence.(P7)能够礼貌地说“不”是情商的特征之一。 句式分析Being able to say no politely为动名词短语，在句中作主语。Its not easy to learn English well. Rea
29、ding as much as possible is necessary.学好英语不容易。尽可能多阅读是必要的。 归纳拓展动名词(短语)作主语的用法： 即时巩固完成句子Its no use pretending that you didnt know the rules.你假装不知道规则是没有用的。It is nice playing chess after supper.晚饭后下象棋太好了。Roses_coming wont be of much help.罗丝的到来不会起到很大作用。过去分词作状语过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明动作发生的背景或情况，在意义上相当于状语从句
30、，可以跟状语从句转换，表示时间、让步、结果、方式等。其逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为动宾关系。一、过去分词(短语)作状语的几种情况1时间状语过去分词作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。也可在过去分词前加上连词“when，while，until”等，使其时间意义更明确。该状语可置于句首，句尾或主语与谓语之间。When asked by the teacher，the little boy kept silent.When he was asked by the teacher，the little boy kept silent.当被老师提问时，这个小男孩不出声。(与谓语同时发生)Told t
31、hat his mother was seriously ill，Li Hua hurried home quickly.After he was told his mother was seriously ill，Li Hua hurried home quickly.被告知妈妈病得厉害之后，李华匆忙地回家了。(先于谓语动作发生)2原因状语过去分词(短语)作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句，多位于句首，偶尔也出现在句尾或句中。Moved by the heroic deeds，many people couldnt help crying.As/Because they were moved
32、 by the heroic deeds, many people couldnt help crying.被英雄事迹所感动，许多人禁不住哭了起来。Satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class.Because/As he was satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class.由于对他所做的事情感到满意，老师在班上表扬了他。3条件状语可用在连词if, unless, once之后，相当于一个条件状语从句。Given more time，we coul
33、d do it much better.If we were given more time，we could do it much better.多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好。Finished，the paper should be handed in at once.If it is finished，the paper should be handed in at once.如果完成，这篇论文要立刻上交。4让步状语过去分词(短语)作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时可用在although，though，even if，even though，whether.or 等连词后。多位于句
34、首，偶尔也出现在句尾。Though warned of the storm，the farmers were still working in the fields.Though they had been warned of the storm，the farmers were still working in the fields.虽然农民们已被警告将有风暴，但他们仍然在地里干活。Beaten by the opposite team，the players were not discouraged and practiced even harder.Though they had bee
35、n beaten by the opposite team，the players were not discouraged and practiced even harder.虽然被对方打败，队员们没有泄气，而是更加刻苦训练。5方式或伴随状语过去分词可用作方式或伴随状语，此时相当于一个由and连接的并列结构。该状语可位于句首、句尾或句中。She accepted the gift，deeply moved.She accepted the gift，and she was deeply moved.她接受了礼物，深深地被感动了。The woman scientist entered the
36、lab, followed by her assistants.The woman scientist entered the lab and she was followed by her assistants.这个女科学家进入实验室，后面跟着她的助手们。二、过去分词作状语的注意事项1作状语的过去分词的逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，即过去分词表示的动作与主语之间是动宾关系。Given another hour，he can also work out this problem.再给一个小时，他也能解出这道题。(give和he之间是动宾关系)2有些过去分词及短语因来
37、源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；dressed in(穿着)；tired of(厌烦)。Lost in thought, he didnt notice his mother come in.由于陷入沉思之中，他没有注意到妈妈进来。3过去分词常跟when，while，after，if，unless，although/though，as if等连词一起用，修饰谓语动词。Metals expand when heated.金属被加热会膨胀。三、过
38、去分词与现在分词作状语的区别1过去分词作状语时，通常与其逻辑主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即被动关系；现在分词作状语时，通常与其逻辑主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即主动关系。2过去分词(短语)作状语时，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。否则，须加上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。 即时巩固.单句语法填空1Worn (wear) out after a long walk，Kate called and said she couldnt come to the party.2Dressed (dress) in a white uniform，he looks more like a cook
39、 than a doctor.3Devoted (devote) to his work，the professor cares little about any other things.4Caught (catch) in a heavy rain，he had to wait for the rain to stop.5When heated (heat)，ice will be changed into water.完成句子1Once_seen,_the beauty of the scenery here will leave a deep impression on you.只要看
40、见，这里的美丽风景就会给你留下深刻的印象。2Watched_several_times,_the TV play is worth watching again.尽管被观看了几遍，这部电视剧值得再看一次。3Deeply_moved_by_what_he_said,_they all were in tears.由于被他的话深深打动，他们都泪流满面。4Seen_from_the_top_of_the_hill,_the city looks more beautiful.从山顶上看，城市显得更美丽。5Given_more_attention,_the tree can grow better.如
41、果给予更多的关注，这棵树会长得更好。6The young man was busy preparing his paper, locked_in_his_fathers_study_all_day_long.一整天被锁在父亲的书房，年轻人忙于准备论文。.单词拼写1She got annoyed (恼怒的) when she heard the bad news.2To her embarrassment (尴尬), she couldnt remember his name.3The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adj
42、ust (适应)4We must ensure (确保) tourism develops in harmony with the environment.5We forgave (原谅) his bad temper because we knew that his sons illness had put him under great pressure.选词填空look down on; say no to; complain about; settle down; by accident; adjust.to1Its a good idea to adjust yourself to
43、the local tradition while you are present at a wedding.2A couple of pages were torn out of the book by_accident just now.3That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled_down in their seats.4We shouldnt look_down_on others, particularly the disabled.5We shouldnt complain_about being poor becaus
44、e many families are much worse off.6Its time for us to say_no_to waste so that our grandchildrens children will be able to develop well.语法练习完成句子 1.Worried_about_the_future，they are both uncertain about what to do next.对未来充满了担心，他们都不确定下一步该做什么。2The old man often takes a walk, accompanied_by_his_pet_dog
45、.老人经常在宠物狗的陪伴下散步。3Tired_of_the_work/working in the office, he decided to find a different job for a change.厌倦了办公室工作，他决定换一个工种。4Having_been_taught_many_times,_the boy finally knew how to pronounce the word.教了好多次，这名男孩终于知道如何将这个单词读出来了。5Not_having_been_discussed,_the problem remained unsolved.没有讨论，这个问题还悬而未决。
