1、第一编专题四第1讲重点四第一组. 语法填空(2018湖北八校高三第一次联考)China has always been famous for being a “State of Etiquette(礼仪)”. According to historical documents，as early as 2,600 years ago，this nation has already established a thorough set _1. of_ dining etiquette. A famous 19th century Russian writer，Anton Chekhov，once
2、invited a Chinese man _2. to have_ (have) a drink in a bar Chekhov said，“Before drinking from his cup，he held _3. it_ with his hands and presented to me and the bar owner and bartenders， _4. saying_ (say) qing (please). This is the custom of China. They are not like us to finish it in one drink， _5.
3、 but_ prefer to drink by taking a small amount at a time. With every sip(一小口)，he _6. ate_ ( eat ) some food. Afterwards he handed me some Chinese _7. coins_ (coin) to show gratitude. This is a rather interestingly polite nationality. . . ” This was the most valuable opinion of a Chinese person _8. t
4、hat_ was given by a foreigner two centuries ago. Chinese traditional dinner procedures used to be long and dealt _9. seriously_ (serious) with； the _10. more important_ (important) the occasion，the more complex the procedures were. 文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述一位俄罗斯作家招待一个中国人的经过，描述了中国人的就餐礼仪。解析：考查固定搭配。根据历史文献
5、记载，早在2 600年前，这个国家就已经建立了一套完整的就餐礼仪。a set of为固定搭配，意为“一套，一系列”。解析：考查动词不定式。19世纪时一位名叫Anton Chekhov的俄罗斯作家邀请一个中国人去酒吧喝酒。invite sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“邀请某人做某事”，故用动词不定式to have。解析：考查代词。根据该句中的“Before drinking from his cup，he held _3_ with his hands”可知，空处指代该句中的“cup”，故用it。在喝酒之前，他手举着杯子，向“我”和酒吧老板及酒吧服务员说“请”。解析：考查现在分词
6、。该句主语为he，和动词say之间为逻辑上的主谓关系；空处和谓语动词held和presented之间为伴随关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。解析：考查连词。空前表示他们不像我们那样一口喝下，空后表示他们更喜欢一次喝一小口；根据上下文可知，空处前后为转折关系，故用转折连词but。解析：考查动词的时态。根据该段第一句中的“A famous 19th century Russian writer，Anton Chekhov，once invited a Chinese man”可知，该处叙述的是19世纪发生的事情，故用一般过去时。解析：考查名词的复数形式。coin为可数名词，根据该句中的“some”可知
7、，空处用其复数形式。此处表示此后，他递给“我”一些中国硬币以表示感激。解析：考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，句中的opinion of a Chinese person为先行词，该先行词被最高级the most valuable修饰，且在从句中作主语，故用that引导该定语从句。解析：考查副词。根据空处前的动词dealt可知，空处修饰该动词，故用副词形式。解析：考查形容词的比较级。此处表示场合越重要，则礼仪就越复杂。该句使用了“the比较级，the比较级. . . ”，表示“越，越”。. 短文改错(2018惠州市高三第二次调研考试试卷)Not long ago，I was to
8、uched by the reply from Tsinghua University to Wei Xiang，which aroused a heating discussion. As Wei Xiang lost his father in a very early age，he was brought up by her mother. Despite of serious illness，he overcame all difficulties and was admit to Tsinghua with high marks. He wrote a letter to Tsing
9、hua to apply for a separate room，where his mother could take care of him in the next four year. In the reply，the school promise to satisfy all his requirements and encouraged him to have strong belief in life. It is not only the inspiring story but also the warmth from the university which attracts
10、the publics attention. From Weis story，I learned that hard work would final pay off. 答案：Not long ago, I was touched by the reply from Tsinghua University to Wei Xiang, which aroused a discussion. As Wei Xiang lost his father a very early age, he was brought up by mother. Despite of serious illness,
11、he overcame all difficulties and was to Tsinghua with high marks. He wrote a letter to Tsinghua to apply for a separate room, where his mother could take care of him in the next four . In the reply, the school to satisfy all his requirements and encouraged him to have strong belief in life. It is no
12、t only the inspiring story but also the warmth from the university attracts the publics attention. From Weis story, I learned that hard work would pay off. 解析：heating改为heated。考查形容词。那引起了一场激烈的讨论。故heated“激烈的”符合语境。解析：in改为at。考查介词。at a very early age“在很小的年纪”为固定搭配。解析：her改为his。考查代词。根据上文可知Wei Xiang是男性，故此处应用h
13、is。解析：删除of。考查介词。尽管得了严重的疾病，despite“尽管”后跟宾语时不需带of。解析：admit改为admitted。考查固定搭配。be admitted to“被接收(入学)”为固定搭配。解析：year改为years。考查名词复数。未来四年母亲能够在那儿照顾他，four后跟复数名词，故此处为years。解析：promise改为promised。考查时态。本文叙述的是过去的事情，且全文使用的均为一般过去时，故此处用promised。解析：have后加a。考查冠词。鼓励他对人生充满信心，have a strong belief in. . . “坚信；对怀有坚定信念”。解析：wh
14、ich改为that。考查特殊句型。正是他鼓舞人心的经历和来自清华大学的温暖吸引了公众的注意。本句为强调句型it be被强调部分that/who. . . ，故改为that。解析：final改为finally。考查副词。此处表示“努力最终会得到回报”。修饰动词用副词，因此改为finally。第二组. 语法填空(2017全国卷)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people
15、to avoid terrible _1. crowds_ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and _2. from_ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road， _3. laying_ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over _4. the_ top. When all thos
16、e had been done，the road surface was replaced. Steam engines _5. were used_ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been _6. fairly_ (fair)unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise. However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000
17、people were using _7. it_ every day. Later，engineers _8. managed_ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道)，which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the _9. introduction_ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway
18、 was one of the most _10. successful_ (success) of these new lines，and was opened in 1900. It had whitepainted tunnels and bright red carriages，and proved extremely popular with the public. 文章大意：本文为说明文，介绍了全世界第一个地下客运铁路在英国开放及其逐渐发展成现在的地铁的过程。解析：考查名词复数。因为crowd为可数名词，并且其前没有限定词，所以此处用其复数形式。解析：考查介词。此处是指“当他们来回
19、上下班时”。解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语为This，谓语动词included后由and连接了三个动名词短语作宾语。故填laying。解析：考查定冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶，所以在top前加the。解析：考查动词时态和语态。因为是介绍1863年的事情，而且steam engines与use之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。解析：考查副词。副词修饰形容词unpleasant，故在其前填fairly。解析：考查代词。根据上文的“the railway quickly”可知，此处用it代替the railway。解析：考查动词时态。因为
20、engineers与manage之间为主动关系，而且是发生在过去的事情，所以填managed。解析：考查词性转换。由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接名词，故填introduction。解析：考查词性转换。根据语境并结合空前的the most可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。. 短文改错(2018五个一名校联盟二模)A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa on last Friday，causing 4 death. Over 200 people became homeless as a result of the
21、 storm. A farmer said the storm began early in the morning and last one hour. He said，“I was in the kitchen with my wife and children while we heard a loud noise. A few minutes late，our house fell down. I managed to climb out，but much to my shocking，one of my boys were missing. I quickly went back i
22、nside and found them safe but frightened. ”Soldiers came to rescue those burying under the ruins，and the government provided food，clothes，and shelters for homeless. 答案：A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa on last Friday, causing 4 . Over 200 people became homeless as a result of the st
23、orm. A farmer said the storm began early in the morning and one hour. He said，“I was in the kitchen with my wife and children we heard a loud noise. A few minutes ， our house fell down. I managed to climb out, but much to my ， one of my boys missing. I quickly went back inside and found safe but fri
24、ghtened. ”Soldiers came to rescue those under the ruins, and the government provided food, clothes, and shelters for homeless. 解析：删除last前的on。考查介词。Friday前有last修饰，前面不用介词。解析：death改为deaths。考查名词。前有数字“4”修饰，应用复数形式。解析：last改为lasted。考查时态。由连词and和上文中的began可知，last的时态应该和began一致，故用一般过去时。解析：while改为when。考查连词。此处表示当我们
25、听到一阵很大的噪音时，“我”和妻子以及孩子们正在厨房。表示“当时”，用连词when。解析：late改为later。考查副词。“时间段later”意为“多久以后，过了多久”，相当于“after时间段”；“时间段late”表示“迟于安排(预期)的时间多久”，故此处用later。解析：shocking改为shock。考查名词。前有形容词性物主代词my修饰，应用名词形式。much to ones shock“令某人大吃一惊的是”。解析：were改为was。考查主谓一致。“one of可数名词复数”意为“之一”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。解析：them改为him。考查代词。这里指的是上文所说的“one of my boys”，所以用him。解析：burying改为buried。考查非谓语动词。bury与其逻辑主语those之间构成动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。解析：homeless前加the。考查冠词。“the形容词”表示“一类”。the homeless意为“无家可归者”。
