1、高考阅读理解命题的三个原则（一）阅读总量不少于1000个单词，设问共20个小题，总用词量逐年增加，阅读速度每分钟至少要50个以上单词，而且理解准确率应在80%以上。（二）题材尽量多样化，包括日常生活、轶事传说、广告通知、报道、社会文化、史地、经济等。不同题材的文章应有不同的侧重点。天文史地、科普常识类，要留心事实和细节；人物传记、历史故事、幽默小品类，要领会文章的主题、写作意图、人物性格和特征等；社会文化教育、政治经济类要注意观点和结论；风土人情、日常生活，要留意（西方）文化与习俗等；新闻报道广告海报类，要注意其独特的写作手法、事情的起因、经过、涉及的人物具体数字及作者的态度。（三）体裁尽量避
2、免单一化。因此我们务必熟悉文体格式，熟读并背诵一些范文，千方百计增加对语言经验的积累。考试大纲对英语阅读作了以下说明： 1. 理解语篇主旨大意； 2. 理解文中具体信息； 3. 根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义； 4. 作出简单的判断和推理； 5. 理解文章的基本结构； 6. 理解作者的观点、意图和态度。2012年的英语考试说明，继续体现新课程英语的教学理念，反映山东英语教育教学的实际。但2012年的英语考试也呈现出新型特点，重视“新材料、新情境”的创设与运用，强调语言运用的实效性，要求学生综合提升语言的运用能力或者语言的隐性输出能力。新的考试说明要求考生词汇量仍然为3300左右。 阅读方面
3、考察学生的运用平常积累的阅读技巧，如常识做题，提升阅读能力，检索有效信息，过滤无效信息，高效的完成阅读任务的能力，要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等；（1）细节题正确答案的特点：与原文情节表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。干扰选项的特点：1. 是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；2. 符合常识，但不符合原文内容；3.与原文情节极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动；4. 选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；5. 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。例如： For Norman Bethune, saving lives was the most important
4、thing in the world. Norman Bethune thought that _c_. A. he himself was a famous doctor in the worldB. he could only save lives because he was a doctorC. saving lives was more importantthan any other thing for himD. in the world, he should do nothing but save lives（2）判断、推断题判断推理的题目中常含有infer、imply词汇等。干
5、扰项的特点：1. 将文章中的已知信息作为干扰项；2. 将不符合事实、逻辑的判断推理结果作为干扰项。解题方法：1. 判断推理要以文中事实为依据;2. 不能将文中已经阐明的事实作自己的推断;3. 杜绝仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。例如：I was reading a book at home when my mobile phone rang. On the phones screen was an unfamiliar number starting with a 0712, which meant the call was from Nagpur. 1. From the beginning of
6、 the story, we can infer that _a_. A. the writer was at home, reading carefullyB. the writer was unfamiliar with the area code 0712C. the writers father lived in Nagpur and often chatted with himD. the writer was not familiar with the number starting with a 0712（3 ）猜测词义题 词、短语意思的猜测主要依据它所在段落的内容进行。如果该段
7、落比较短，信息量不足，那么与之相邻的上下两个段落的内容则是猜词义的重要依据。具体方法为： 1. 猜测名词含义，要注意相关段落中名词的含义。例如: However, men quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time. They learned to use the shadows cast by the sun. They marked the hours on candles, used sand in hour- glasses, and invented water-clocks. Indeed,
8、 any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past. （2007广东）What does the “stately homes” refer to _c_?A. state-owned houses B. houses in very good condition C. grand houses open
9、 to the public D. houses where statesmen meet regularly 2. 猜测动词或动词短语的含义，要注意相关段落中动词的含义。 Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning
10、to stop and visit a friend. I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car. I stopped and wondered what I should do. （2006全国I）The words “took off” underlined in Paragraph 2 mean “_b_”. turned offB. moved offC. put up D. set up3. 猜测形容词的含义，要注意相关段落对相关信息的描述。例如：
11、 A small town in southwest Britain is banning plastic bags in an attempt to help the environment and cut waste a step that environmentalists believe is a first for Europe. Shopkeepers in Modbury population 1,500, agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to customers on Saturday. They said
12、paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead.（2007福建）The underlined word “disposable” in the passage probably means _c_.A. acceptable B. valuableC. throw-away D. long-lasting（4）猜测句意正确答案的特点： 1. 与原句含义相同，但表达手法不同； 2. 是原句意思的高度概括。 干扰项也有一些特点： 1. 干扰项往往是片面的，不能涵盖原句的全部意思； 2. 干扰项中的某个成分，如时间、地点等与原句
13、存在出入； 3. 干扰项与原句意思完全不符。被猜测句子的特点： 该句子往往是前语境的结果或结论。 例如：We couldnt afford all the necessary medica-tion for him, and because Dad was unable to work. I had no money for school supplies and often couldnt even buy food for dinner. I would sit in class feeling completely lost, the teachers words muffled as
14、I tried to figure out how I was going to manage. （2006北京）What can we learn from the underlined sentence? cA. Kerrel couldnt understand her teacher. B. Kerrel had special difficulty in hearing.C. Kerrel was too troubled to focus on the lesson. D. Kerrel was too tired to hear their teachers words. （5）
15、揣摩作者态度、意图正确答案的特点： 1. 是作者在原文中所表露的态度或意图的同义、近义句； 2. 是作者在原文中所表露的态度或意图的升华； 3. 是作者在原文中所表露的态度或意图的概括。其干扰项的特点为： 1. 是作者在文章中所批驳的观点； 2. 是文章里所提到的某个细节，但并非作者的态度或意图； 3. 是文章中根本未提及的内容。例如: I recently turned fifty, which is young for a tree, midlife for an elephant, and ancient for a sportsman. Fifty is a nice number f
16、or the states in the US or for a national speed limit, but it is not a number that I was prepared to have hung on me. Fifty is supposed to be my fathers age, but now I am stuck with this number and everything it means. The author seems to tell us in Paragraph 1 that _b_.（2007天津）A. time alone will te
17、llB. time goes by quicklyC. time will show what is rightD. time makes one forget the past（6）确定最佳标题依据短文的主题句确定短文的最佳标题。确定最佳标题的三个原则：1. 对文章内容能高度概括；2. 用词精炼；3. 在上述两个特点都具备的前提下，标题还应做到能吸引读者注意力。（7）阅读理解“通病” (4点)1. 概念扩大或缩小化。概念扩大或缩小化是指在选择理解题时把在概念范围上比原文概念要大的或小的选项作为正确答案。 例如：He brought many medical supplies with him
18、. He had to be very careful on his long journey to the north because he had to go through Guomindang territory.(误) On the way to the north, he brought all medical supplies.(误) He brought few of the medical supplies with him on the way to the north.2. 概念人为化。概念人为化是指在做阅读理解题时，将自己对某件事的想法、体验等作为正确答案。例如：One
19、 of the places of interest in Beijing is the Summer Palace. Cixi had it built in 1888. A small lake called Kunming is part of this beautiful palace. Even today, thousands of people come to the Summer Palace to enjoy the peaceful surroundings and scenery. Why do people like to go to the Summer Palace? （误） To appreciate important art works.3. 概念直白化。在阅读理解中有一类题目需要我们推断，即infer。这类题目的错误率很高。概念直白化是指将需要推断的题目错选为文章内讲述得明明白白、完全不需要推断的选项。 4. 概念僵硬化。概念僵硬化是指将与原文文字最靠近的选项简单机械地视为正确答案。版权所有：高考资源网()版权所有：高考资源网()
