1、解密03 代词【命题解读】1近五年代词的考查点集中在不定代词上，考查角度有两个：一是考查它们相互间的意义和功能差别，如： all, everything 和anything 等的意义差别，it, that 和one 不同的指代功能；二是它们之间语法牲的差异， 如it (代词) 和which (关系代词) 的区别。 2试题注重了情景干扰，注重了特定语言环境中上下文的联系，而且题干的语义结构越来越复杂，正确分 析其结构、理解句意在解题中起着很重要的作用。 高考对代词的考查将继续沿着两条主线前进； 加强 语境的真实性和复杂性。 加强对语义较丰富、语法较复杂的不定代词的考查。【命题预测】今后高考对代词
2、的考查有所变化，主要考查it和人称代词的用法。这一专题在语法填空和短文改错中重点考查在语境中运用正确的代词。【名师指导】英语中代词的相关知识庞杂，代词在语言使用中又极力频繁，所以，代词的用法看似简单，其实不易。建议考生认真对待代词，不可掉以轻心。 首先要从整体上把握代词的知识，如代词种类的划分，了解各类代词的一般用法。更重要的是，根据上面所介绍的高考考查热点，更重点掌握几组易混词，尤其是不定代词间的用法区别。解题规律如下：1. 明确指代在解答代词题目时，我们应首先分析前后文，明确代词所指代的对象，从而避免误判。具体说来应从以下几方面考虑： （1）代词指代的对象是人还是物，与上文出现的人或物是同
3、一个还是同一类； （2）代词指代的对象是可数名词还是不可数名词； （3）代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念。 2.理清逻辑需要通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系才能做出正确判断。具体说来应从以下方面去考虑: （1）代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上； （2） 代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。考向1 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词一、 人称代词1. 人称代词的分类和数：2. 人称代词作主语时要用主格，作宾语时用宾格，作表语时常用宾格。Shes my classmate. Iboughtapresentforhim.【名师点睛】在强调句中人称代词的使用应该根据人称代词具体作什么成分而定。I me
4、t her in the hospital.It was her who I met in the hospital.It was I that first arrived at the airport.3. 几个人称代词单数并列主语时，一般的排列顺序为：单数二 三 一(人称)，即you, he ,I。复数一二三，即we, you, they。You，she and I will be in charge of the case.1.（2020.全国卷.短文改错）Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together. Not
5、 that way， my mom tried to stop us but failed. She was right. It didnt tum out as I had wished.【答案】us改为me【解析】考查代词。句意：“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。根据上文可知，是作者一个人做菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格，故将us改为me.2. （2020.全国卷.短文改错）But he insists on us eating healthy food. Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the
6、food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.【答案】he改成she。【解析】考查代词。考查代词。句意：但是她坚持让我们吃健康的食物。文中指“我的妈妈”，是女性，所以he改成she。3.（2018新课标卷II短文改错）As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help m
7、y brain.【答案】us改为me【解析】句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词，是对“我”说，前面提到的I，而不是we。故把us改为me。4. （2018新课标卷III语法填空）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _68_(they) alive.【答案】them【解析】此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。二、 物主代词1.物主代词的分类和数：人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性物主代词myouryouryourhis/her/itst
8、heir名词性物主代词mineoursyoursyourshis/hers/itstheirs2. 物主代词的用法：（1）形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语，不能单独使用。（2）名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语，也可与of连用作 后置定语，但不能单独作定语This isnt my shirt; mine is over there.1. （2020.全国卷）Data about the moons composition, such as how 69. ice and other treasures it contains
9、, could help China decide whether 70. (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.【答案】its【解析】考查物主代词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。根据70空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。2. (2016四川) The mother continued to care for the young panda (for) more than two years. By that tim
10、e, the panda no longer needed 48 (it) mother for food.【答案】its 【解析】句意：小熊猫不再需要妈妈的食物。修饰名词要用形容词性物主代词，故填its。3. (2016全国卷乙卷) On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by (it) mother.【答案】its【解析】考查代词。由语境及后面的名词mother可知,此空应该填it的形容词性物主代词its。4. (2016全国卷乙卷) Instead, he hopes
11、that our business will grow steadily. 【答案】ourhis【解析】由语境及主语he可知，此处指的是他的公司，故将our改为his才合乎语境。物主代词用法口诀物主代词分两种 形容词性名词性 形容词性能力差 自己不能来当家 句子当中作定语 身后定把名词加 物主代词名词性 相当名词可单用 句中充当主宾表 身后没有名词影 两种代词形不同 添个“s”形变名 his，its不用变 my变mine要记清【巧学妙记】三、 反身代词1. 反身代词的形式第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself / herself /itself复数ourselv
12、esyourselvesthemselves2. 反身代词常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce等动词后和by, for, to ,of 等介词后作宾语All of them enjoyed themselves. 所有的人都玩得很好。Help yourself to some fish. 请自己动手吃点鱼吧。3. 反身代词有时用于be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语，表示身体或精神处于正常状态。You dont seem yourself today. 你今天好像不太好。4. 强调用法：反身代词在强调用法中表示强调，即用来加强某个名词或者代词
13、的语气，可译成“亲自”、“本人”。此时，它在句中作同位语。即使去掉，也不影响句子的完整性。如：You must do it yourself. 你必须自己做。I myself did the homework last night。 昨晚是我自己做了家庭作业。5. 含有反身代词的短语for oneself 给(为)自己，独自to oneself 对自己say to oneself 心里想 talk / speak to oneself自言自语come to oneself 苏醒过来 absent oneself缺席beside oneself失常，若狂 by oneself 独自地，单独地of
14、 oneself 独自，自发地1.（2020. 山东新高考）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42. (they) living at a different time in history or 43. (walk)through a rainforest. 【答案】themselves【解析】考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他
15、们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。2.（2018新课标卷III短文改错）Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done homework but I was shy.【答案】myself改为my/the【解析】句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself，或改为定冠词the也可以。3. (2016全国卷卷) At first, I thought I knew everything
16、 and could make decisions bu yourself. 【答案】yourselfmyself【解析】由4. Those who smoke heavily should remind _of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people.A. theirs B. them C. themselves D. oneself【答案】C【解析】句意：那些烟瘾很大的人应该提醒自己注意健康，难闻的气味以及他人的感受。remind oneself of sth.提醒自己当心某事。句子主语是those，故选择C项。【巧学妙
17、记】反身代词的用法歌诀：反身代词莫乱用，能作句中宾、表、同，主语、定语不能用，固定搭配要记清。单数反身代词：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself复数反身代词：ourselves, yourselves, themselves考向2 指示代词和替代词1. this, that, these, those的区别（1）this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。This is my desk and that is yours.In those days they could not go
18、to school.（2）this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。I want to tell you this：the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.（3）为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are lon
19、ger than those of a fox.（4）this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that用于询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词 so。Can hard work change a person that much?2. so（1）指示代词so在句中常作宾语，还常用在动词think, believe, suppose, guess等后面，代替上文 提到的事情。Its likely to snow. 好像要下雪了。 I believe so.我想是的。（2）用在hope, Im afraid后，代替上文提到的观点，只用于肯定句。Is she coming to th
20、e party? 她回来聚会吗？ I hope so. 我希望会。（3）有时前后两个句子中有相同的“动词+宾语”， 为了避免重复，后一个句子中常用do so来代替。Have you handed in your homework?你的家庭作业交了吗？ I did so yesterday.我昨天就交了。3. such（1）指如前面所述的这样的人或事物。Such is our plan for the coming holiday. 这就是我们为即将到来的假期制订的计划。（2）such作定语修饰名词时，与all/any/no/some/many/several等词连用，常置于这些词的后面。All
21、 such things can be found on the Internet. 所有这些东西都可以在网上找到。（3）such与不定冠词连用修饰可数名词单数时，such需置于不定冠词前；当such前有no时，则不用不定 冠词。He is such a lovely boy that we all like him. 他是如此可爱的一个男孩，我们都很喜欢他。There is no such man here. 这里没有一个这样的人。4. one, the one, that, it的区别易混词含义this指代上文说过的事物或下文要提到的事物。代替可数名词复数用these。that用来指代上文
22、提到的某一个名词，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，表示特指。代替可数名词复数用those(相当于the ones)，后面必须有定语。one(复数形式是ones)只能用来指代上文提到的某一个可数名词单数，表示同名异物。其前可以有定语，其后也可以有定语。it指上文提到的同一个事物，也可指代前面(或后面)整句话的意思。通常还可用作形式主语或形式宾语。This is the book I borrowed from Lucy. 这就是我从露西那儿借的书。The population of Shandong is larger than that of Qinghai. 山东的人口比青海的人口多。I
23、 dont like the blue shirt. I like the yellow one. 我不喜欢这件蓝色的衬衫。我喜欢那件黄色的。Icantfindmyhat.IdontknowwhereIputit. 我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪儿了。1. （2018.浙江. 语法填空）Many westerners _57_come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realized how cheap _58_can be to eat out.【答案】58. it.【解析】句意：一旦他们意识
24、到在外面吃饭有多么便宜。考查it的用法。空格处是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to eat out。2. (2016浙江)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from _ in the UK.A. that B. this C. one D. it【答案】A【解析】句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系不太相同。指代上文的名词education system，是同类不同物，用that，而且后面有介词短语作后置定语。this表示近指，one泛指可数名词单数，it特指上文提到的名词。故选
25、A。3. Usually there might be a lot of accidents in the heavy fog. I happened to witness _ this morning. A. itB. those C. one D. that 【答案】C【解析】句意：通常在大雾天会有很多事故。今天早上我碰巧目击了一起事故。根据语境可知，此处指上句提到的一起交通事故，故用one代替。即C项正确。 4. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy
26、_. A. one B. it C. this D. that【答案】B【解析】it=the house with a beautiful garden in front。句意：我很喜欢屋前有一个美丽花园的这栋房子，但是我没有足够的钱去把它买下来。考向3 不定代词1. both, either, neither, , all, none, no one, nobody both表示“两个人或物都”,具有肯定含义； either表示“两者中的 任何一个”,与否定词连用，表示对两者的全部否定； neither表示“两者都不”，其后可接of短语 all表示“全部”,指三者或三者以上的人或物,;all
27、也可笼统地表示“一切,所有”； none表示“三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定”,在与of连用或回答how many/much的提问时只 能用none； no one=nobody表示“没有一个人”,其后均不可接of短语， 常用来回答who引导的问句。Both of my parents are doctors.我的父母都是医生。All of the students are interested in it.所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。He has two sons, neither of whom is rich.他有两个儿子，都不富有。He has three sons, none of
28、whom is rich.他有三个儿子，都不富有。2. 不定代词some与any的用法在通常情况下，some要用于肯定句，在否定句或疑问句中，一般用any代替。但是，这只是一般情况。在某些特殊情况下，some也可用于疑问句和否定句。(1)some用于疑问句：一是用于可预料答语为“是”的问句中，二是用于表示请求或建议的疑问句。如：Did some of you sleep on the floor? 你们有人睡在了地板上吗?Would you like some more fruit? 你要不要再吃点水果?(2)some用于否定句：Some用于否定句主要见于以下情形：用于部分否定的句子中。比较：
29、I do not like any of the films. 这些电影中我一部也不喜欢。I dont like some of the films. 这些电影中的某一些我不喜欢。I dont like some one of the films. 这些电影中某一部我不喜欢。用于否定句，但在否定范围之外。如：I havent seen Tom for some years. 我有好几年没见到汤姆了。Some of the students didnt see the film. 其中有些学生没有看这部电影。用于否定句表示特别的强调。如：It should be for all our chil
30、dren, not just some. 这应该适用于我们所有的儿童，而不仅仅是某些孩子。用于否定句介词without之后。如：Its risky to buy a car without some good advice. 不作些咨询就去买车是有风险的。若在without后用any，则所表示的语气很强，含有“没有任何”“没有一点儿”之意。如：We did the work without any difficulty. 我们干这工作没有任何困难。3. few, a few 与 little, a little的用法(1) few和a few的用法：其后要接可数名词的复数形式。few表示数量很
31、少或几乎没有，强调“少”，含有 否定意义；a few 表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有，强调“有”，含有肯定意义。比较：It is very difficult, and few people understand it. 它很难，没几个人能懂。It is very difficult, but a few people understand it. 他虽难，但是有些人懂。(2) little 和 a little的用法：其后接不可数名词，其用法区别跟few和a few之间的区别相似。如：Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧，我身上没带什么钱。For
32、tunately, I had a little money on me. 幸好我身上带着一点钱。4. other, the other, another与others的用法这些不定代词不仅在含义上有单复数之分，而且在用法上有泛指(无the)和特指(有the)之别。其用法区别可归纳如下：(1) 指单数时的区别：若泛指用another，若特指用 the other。如：Give me another (one). 另外给我一个。 Shut the other eye, please. 请把另一只眼睛也闭上。(2) 指复数时的区别：若泛指用 other(后接复数名词)，若特指用the other(
33、后接复数名词)。如：There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。Where have the other students gone? 其他学生都到哪里去了？(3) others的用法：它永远表示复数意义(且其后不能再接名词)。其用法大致相当于“other+复数名词”，同样 地 the others 大致相当于“the other复数名词”。如：Other people Others may not think that way. 别的人可能不这样想。He is cleverer than the others the other students
34、 in her class. 他比班上其他学生聪明。(4) another的用法：一般只能表单数，且其后接名词也只能接单数名词。但是若其后有数词或 few 修饰时， 则也可接复数名词。如：We need another few chairs. 我们还需要几把椅子。In another two weeks itll be finished. 再过两个星期就可做完了。 5. each和everyeach 指代或修饰单数可数名词，强调个体，多用于两者或两者以上的场合，可与of连用。作主语时， 谓语动词用单数every修饰单数可数名词，强调整体，用于三者或三者以上的场合，不与of连用。For boys
35、, you can buy socks for only $5 each. 男士袜子每双只需5美元。Every mother loves her children dearly. 每个母亲都非常爱自己的孩子。6. 复合不定代词的用法复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。something, someone 等和 anything, an
36、yone等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。具体使用时应注意以下几点：(1)其定语修饰语的位置：复合不定代词受定语修饰时，定语应放在它们后面。如：There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病。Have you seen anyone anybody famous? 你见过名人吗?(2)复合不定代词与指示代词：指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词 和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they,
37、them, their。如：If anybody comes, ask him them to wait. 要是有人来，让他等着。指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语，谓语动词只能用单数，相应的人称代词也只能用 it，而不用 they。如：Everything is ready, isnt it? 一切都准备好了，是吗?(3)其后是否接of短语：anyone, everyone 等只能指人，不能指物，且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后 接 of 短语，可用 any one, every one (分开写)。如：any one of the boys (books) 孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本
38、)every one of the students (schools) 每一个学生(一所学校)1.(2018新课标卷I短文改错) The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals.【答案】another改为other【解析】他们住在一个小房子里，院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知，将another改成other。2. The meeting will be held in September, but _ knows the date
39、for sure.A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody【答案】B【解析】句意：会议将在九月份举行，但是没有人知道确切日期。根据两句话之间的并列连词but可知，前后语意是转折关系，虽然都知道是在九月份，但是没有人知道具体的日期。3. Niki is always full of ideas, but _ is useful to my knowledge. A. nothingB. no one C. neither D. none【答案】D【解析】句意：Niki总是有各种想法，但没有一个对我的认知有帮助。nothing泛指什么东西都没有；n
40、o one泛指没有人；neither指的是两者都不；none则特指没有特定的人或物，范围是三者或三者以上。语境中full of ideas指的是三者或三者以上，因此none符合题意，故选D。4. When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon? _. Ill be in all day.【答案】Either【解析】句意：“我该什么时间给你打电话，早上还是下午？”“都可以，我一整天都在家。”上句提到了两个时间，故可用both, either, neither。在根据“一整天都在家”可知，两个时间中的那个时间来都可以。考向4 it的用法it作为代词用法
41、非常灵活，可用于代替上文中提到的事物，代替上文中说到的一件事，代替不知情的人（尤其是不知身份、性别和姓名的人）。也可用于表示时间、天气、距离、计算结果等。还可用来代替不定式、动名词、从句等，充当形式主语或形式宾语。一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情，没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可以作主语，也可以作宾语。1. 指动物和植物。 Look at that bird. It always comes to my window. 看看那只鸟。它总是飞到我的窗前来。2. 指代无生命的东西。 This i
42、s my watch. Its made in Switzerland. 这是我的手表。它是瑞士产的。3. 代替上文提到过的整个事情。 Well, you mustnt play on the road. Its dangerous! 哦，你不能在马路上玩。这是危险的！二、用于指代人1. 指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。 Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门？ Its me. 是我。2. 指说话者心目中的那个人。 Look, someone is coming. Who can it be? 看，有人过来了。他可能是谁呢？ It may b
43、e the headmaster. 可能是校长。3. 在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。 Whos that? 那人是谁？ Is it Helen? 是海伦吗？ Yes, I think youre right. Its Helen. 是的，我想你说对了，是海伦。三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等1. 表示时间。 Whats the date? 今天是几月几日？Its the third of March. 今天是3月3日。2. 表示距离。 Its only five minutes walk from here. 离这儿仅有五分钟步行的路程。3. 表示自然现象。 It is g
44、oing to rain. 天要下雨了。4. 表示环境、形势等。 If its convenient, I can see you tomorrow. 如果方便的话，我明天能见到你。四、用作形式主语，替代动词不定式，动名词或从句1. It is clear (obvious，true，possible，certain.) that.该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语 从句，常译为清楚（显然，真的，可能，肯定）。 It is very clear that he doesnt like it.That he doesnt like it is very clear. 很明显他
45、不喜欢它。2. It is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.) that.该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语 是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为据说（据报道，据悉）。 It is reported that another satellite has been put into orbit. 据报道又一颗卫星被送入轨道。3. It is time (about time，high time) that.该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是从句的谓语 动词常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用shou
46、ld动词原形，should不能省略，常译为是（正是）的 时候了。 It is time that children should go to bed.It is time that children went to bed. 孩子们该睡了。4. It is the first (second.) time that.该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态， 由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后 面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换，常译为是第一（二） 次做。 It
47、is the first time I have been here. 这是我第一次到这里来。5. It is a pity (a shame/an honour/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/.) that.该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should动词原形），should可省略，表示出乎意料，常译为竟然。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that he is i
48、ll. 他生病了，真遗憾！6. It happens (seems，looks，appears) that.该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen， seem等词是不及物动词。 It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来他再过几天才能回来。7. It beadj.(kind, nice, brave, clever, stupid.) of sbto do sth该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定 式的逻辑主语由of引起，句中的形容词必须是表示逻辑主语特征的形容词（即句中的形容词是修饰逻辑 主语的）。常见
49、的形容词有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good(好心的)，honest，horrible， kind，lazy，modest，naughty，nice，polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong等。这个句型可以转换为： sb isadj.to do sth It is kind of you to say so.You are kind to say so. 你这么说真是太善良了。8. It beadj.(difficult，easy，hard，important) for sb to do sth该句型与上一个同
50、属一个句型。不定式的逻辑 主语由for引起，形容词常表示重要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况（即句中的形容词是修饰 动词不定式的）。常见的形容词有important，necessary，natural，easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult， dangerous，unusual，impossible，pleasant等。 It is important for her to come to the party.It is important that she (should) come to the party. 对她来说，参加这次聚会很重要。9.
51、It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人时间 It took me five days to solve the problem. 解决这个问题花了我五天时间。10. It costs sb some money to do sth 做某事花费某人钱 It will cost my father five thousand yuan to buy such a computer. 买这台电脑花了我父亲5, 000元。11. Its up to sb to do sth 应由某人(负责)做 It is up to you to decide whether
52、to take the job or not. 做不做这份工作由你决定。12. Its useless/(of) no use/(of) no good doing sth该句型常译为做是徒然的/没有益处的，句中的动名词短语是真正的主语，表语可以是no use(not any use)，no good(not any good)等。 Its no use arguing with her. 跟她争论没有用。五、作形式宾语1. 用于 主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语 句型中：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语 从句时，常用it作形式宾语，而往往把真正的宾语不定式、动名词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。
53、 I think it important that we should keep calm. 我认为我们应该保持安静，这很重要。 I feel it my duty that I should devote myself to teaching. 我感到致力于教学是我的责任。 I make it a rule that I read English every morning. 每天早晨读英语是我的习惯。2. 用于主语及物动词宾语句型中：有些动词或短语动词不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，需要在从句前先加上形式宾语it。appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，ma
54、ke(按时到达，成功)，have(表明，坚持说)，take(认为，猜想)，hide(隐瞒)，publish(公布)，put(表达，写出来)等。 I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon. 我认为你会很快离开上海。 The report has it that no one was to blame for the accident. 报告表明没有人要对这次事故负责。 We published it that we had finished the project ahead of time. 我们宣布我们已提前竣工了。answer for
55、(承担的后果)，count on(期待)，depend on(依靠)，insist on(坚持主张，坚决要求)，see to(确保)等。 I am counting on it that you will come. 我期待你会来。六、it构成强调句1. 强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分。2. 强调句型强调的成分强调句型强调的成分：主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时，用who或that皆可；指物时，只能用that；被强调部分是时间、地点，原因或方式状语时，不用when，where，why或how而用that。 It was the beautiful
56、lady that/who I met in the hotel yesterday. 我昨天在旅馆里遇到的正是这位漂亮女士。(强调宾语) It was in Beijing that we visited the Birds Nest and Water Cube. 正是在北京我们参观了鸟巢和水立方。(强调地点状语) It is my mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day. 每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。(强调主语)3. 对not.until结构的强调not.until结构的强调句型为It is/was not unti
57、l.that.在这一固定句型中，由于not已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。 He didnt go to bed until ten oclock.It was not until ten oclock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才睡觉。 I didnt realize it until I got off the bus.It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.4. 如何识别强调句型强调句型中的it is/was和that无实际意义，去掉后，句子结构仍然完整、正确，句意仍然明确；而其他句型去掉
58、it is/was和that后，句意不完整。 It is for three hours that they have worked. 他们已经工作三个小时了。（强调句型） It is a wonder that he is still alive. 他还活着真是个奇迹。（it作形式主语）1.（2018浙江卷语法填空）Many westerners 57 （who/that） come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out.【答案】
59、it【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，用it 是形式主语。故填it。2.（2017天津卷）It was when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors.A. who B. where C. which D. that【答案】D【解析】句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头，后面连词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was 和th
60、at，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。故选D。3. （2016天津卷）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists. A. whoB. whichC. whereD. that【答案】D【解析】句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句，结构是：It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故选D。4. （2015浙江）How would you like if you
61、 were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? A. them B. one C. those D. it【答案】D【解析】句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭地关掉电视，你会怎么想？It作形式宾语，指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句，一个条件状语从句（if）和两个并列句(and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句you would like_.分析句子结构知道like之后缺少一个宾语，需要一
62、个宾格代词充当，所以答案选it。5.（2015天津）The quality of education in this small school is better than _ in some larger schools.A. thatB. oneC. itD. this【答案】A【解析】句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of education，故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。难点剖析 一、部分否定与全部否定1. no one, none, nobody, nothing以及“no与名词连用”等都表示全部
63、否定。None of us was going to the party. 我们之中没人去参加那个聚会。2. 当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词all, both, everyone, everybody, everthing等以及“every+名词” 的句子中时，不管not在它们之前还是之后都表示部分否定。Not all of them smoke. = All of them dont smoke. 他们当中不是所有的人都抽烟。All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem. 这些男孩都很聪
64、明，但他们当中没有一个人能解出这道题。二、 it构成的几个易混淆的句型1. It+be+时间+since引导的状语从句 这个句型表示从since 从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为“自从以来已多久了”。表示现在的情况时，主句多用一般现在时，从句多用一般过去时；表示过去的情况时，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。如： It is three years since his father passed away. 自从他父亲去世已经三年了。 It was 10 years since they had married. 自从他们结婚已经十年了。 2. It+be+时间+bef
65、ore引导的状语从句 这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语，如some time, long, years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes等。主句中的谓语动词用肯定式时，意为“过多长时间才”；用否定式时，意为“没过多长时间就”。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时will be/be going to be：用was 时，before从句的动词用一般过去时；用will be 时，before从句常用一般现在时。 如： It was some time before I realized the truth. 过了一段时间我才了解到真相。 It was
66、nt long before he told us about this affair.没过多久他就告诉了我们这件事情。 It will be many years before the situation improves. 这种状况要过许多年才能得到改善。 3. It+be+时间+when引导的状语从句 这个句型中, it 指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间)。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，但是当主句是will be时，when从句一般用一般现在时代替将来时。如： It was already 8 oclock when we got hom
67、e. 我们到家时已经8点了。 It will be the next morning when we finish our work. 我们结束工作时将是第二天早晨。检测训练题组一 真题在线1.（2017全国卷）However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 67every day.【答案】it【解析】根据上文“the railway quickly”可知，此处用it代替the railway。2.（2017全国
68、卷短文改错）Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. 【答案】all both或者all去掉【解析】因为主语是两个人，所以用both表示两者都，而all则表示三者或三者以上的全部。此处将all去掉也可以。3.（2017全国卷短文改错）This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. 【答案】your my【解析】全文介绍的是“我”的故事，因此这里应该是“我”高中时期的回忆。4.（2015重庆）The meeting will be he
69、ld in September, but_ knows the date for sure.A. everybodyB. nobody C. anybody D. somebody【答案】B【解祈】句意：会议将在九月举行，但没有人知道确切的日期。根据but表达转折可知没有人知道，故选B项。5.（2015陕西）To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against .A. another B. the other C. other D. either 【答案】B【解析】句意：为了提醒自己
70、，这个水手坐在火前面一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。因为人有两只脚，一只是one，另外一只是the other，所以选B。6.（2015福建）The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _ contained any useful suggestions.A. allB. noneC. eitherD. neither【答案】D【解析】all全部； none没有一个； either两个中任何一个；neither两者都不。句意：那个研究团队在那个调查上得出了两个报告，但是两个报告里面都没有任何有用的参考。故选D。7.（
71、2014全国大纲卷）Whos that at the door? _ is the milkman.A. He B. It C. This D. That【答案】B【解析】考查代词的用法。句意：谁在门外？是送牛奶的。因为不知道门外的是什么人。故用it指代不清楚的人。故选B。8.（2014全国大纲卷）I think Mrs. Stark could be _ between 50 and 60 years of age.A. anywhere B. anybodyC. anyhow D. anything【答案】A【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意：我认为Stark夫人在50到60岁之间在哪里都行
72、。此处anywhere意为：任何地方，符合句意。9.（2014重庆）A smile costs _, but gives much. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything【答案】C【解析】句意：微笑是无需付出任何成本的。该句中的but一词构成前后语义矛盾，微笑不花钱，但却给予他人很多。nothing与much形成语义对比。故本题选择C项。cost nothing意为无需付出。10.（2014山东）Susan made_ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for hersel
73、f. A. that B. this C. it D. her【答案】C【解析】这是一个宾语从句，make的宾语是that引导的句子，在本句中用it做形式宾语代指that引导的宾语从句。句意：Susan向我表明她希望能过上新的生活。故答案选C。题组二 名校模拟. 单项填空1. “Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from a product-making factory into a product-making power, _ driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quant
74、ity.A. the one that B. one thatC. one D. the one【答案】C【解析】考查代词的用法。one表示泛指，相当于“a(an)+名词”，代替的是同类事物中的“一个”；that表示特指，相当于“the+名词”；代词one= a/ an +n处one=a product-making power；而_driven by innovation and emphasizes quality over quantity中driven by 只是一个非谓语短语（be driven by 被驱使）作定语，因此不需要连词引导。所以排除A、 B。one表示泛指，相当于“th
75、e+名词”可以排除D。句意：“2025中国制造”的目标是把中国从一个产品制造工厂变成一个产品制造大国，一个以创新为导向、强调质量而不是数量的大国。故选C。2The mistakes made by Chinese students are quite different from _ made by Japanese students in English study.A.itB.thatC.onesD.those【答案】D【解析】考查代词。句意:在英语学习中,中国学生所犯的错误与日本学生所犯的错误是迥然不同的。分析句意及句子结构可知,空处在句中特指日本学生所犯的错误,且为复数概念,故应填th
76、ose。【名师点金】it代替前面出现的同名同物的名词,表示特指概念,相当于the/this/that/my等+可数名词单数;that代替前面提到的同类异物的可数名词单数或不可数名词,表示特指,相当于the+可数名词单数/不可数名词;one代替前面出现的同类异物的可数名词单数,相当于a/an+可数名词单数,表示泛指概念,其复数形式是ones;those代替前面提到的可数名词复数,表示特指概念,相当于the+可数名词复数,也相当于the ones。3Come off it! Oversleeping is as lame an excuse as_ other. A.oneB.eachC.some
77、D.any【答案】D【解析】考查代词。句意：不要再这样做了，睡懒觉像其他任何的借口一样没有说服力。one other另一个；each other互相，彼此；some other其他一些；any other任何其他一个。故选D。4_that students are interested in should be encouraged. _. Sometimes we should make it clear what is not allowed. A.Anything; I cant agree moreB.Nothing; Thats for sure C.Not all; I cant
78、agreeD.Not everything; Exactly【答案】D【解析】考查部分否定和情景交际。句意：不是学生们感兴趣的每一件事都应该被鼓励。的确如此。有时我们应该弄清楚什么是不允许的。Not everything是部分否定，表示“不是每一件事都”，Exactly表示对对方观点的肯定。5Although we produce carbon when we breathe, the carbon we produce is much less than _ produced by a car. A.thatB.itC.oneD.the one【答案】A【解析】考查代词的用法。虽然当我们呼吸
79、的时候，我们会呼出二氧化碳，但那比汽车放出的要少得多。这里指代“同类不同物”，而且carbon是一个不可数名词。故用that。6Before _ stood a terrible man; the little girl could do nothing _. A.she;but cryB.her;but cry C.she;but to cryD.her;but crying【答案】B【解析】考查代词和非谓语动词。句意：一个可怕的人站在面前，这个小女孩除了哭什么也不能做。表示方位的介词短语置于句首，句子使用完全倒装，before置句首，故空格处是介词before的宾语，作宾语用人称代词的宾格
80、，故第一空填her；“do nothing but do sth.”表示“除了做某事什么也做不了”，but是介词，后可以接不定式作宾语，如果前文中有实义动词do的形式，则省略不定式符号to。故选B。7I havent watched _ of the films directed by Mr. Turner, but judging from the one I have watched, I believe he will be famous someday. A.anyB.noneC.allD.either【答案】C【解析】考查代词。句意：我没看过特纳先生执导的所有电影，但从我看的这一部判
81、断，我相信他某一天会出名的。all用于否定句中表示“部分否定”，符合语境。故选C。8Those who smoke heavily should remind_of health ,the bad smell and the feelings of other people. A.theirsB.themC.themselvesD.oneself【答案】C【解析】句意：那些烟瘾很大的人应该提醒自己注意健康，难闻的气味以及他人的感受。remind oneself of提醒自己当心某事，但句子主语是those，故选择C项。9Change can be scary, but its during t
82、ransformations that some of the best opportunities present _. A.itB.oneC.thoseD.themselves【答案】D【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：变化有时会是可怕的，但是就是在转变过程中有些好机会才会自动出现。此处强调好机会自动出现，present意为“呈现”，故此题应选D。10Young people should be independent, and dont take _ for granted that you can depend on your parents when in trouble. A.oneB.
83、itC.thisD.that【答案】B【解析】考查代词。句意为：年轻人应该独立，不能把遇到困难就依靠父母当作理所当然的事情。take it for granted that.是固定句型，表示“认为理所当然”。 11He didnt make _ clear when and where the sports meet would be held. A.thisB.itC.thatD.one【答案】B【解析】考查it的用法。句意：他没有弄清楚运动会将于何时何地举行。A.this代指下文的情况；B.it形式主语或形式宾语，代指句中真正主语或宾语；C.that代指上文的情况；D.one代指上文的可数
84、名词单数。句中it为形式宾语，clear是宾补，真正宾语是when and where the sports meet would be held，故选B。12Can I help you? Id like to buy a present for my fathers birthday, _ at a proper price but of good use. A.oneB.itC.thatD.which【答案】A【解析】考查代词。句意：需要帮忙么？我想给我爸爸买一件生日礼物，一件价格合理但很实用的礼物。One指代前面提到的a present，表示泛指，it指所替代的那一事物，that替代前
85、面的同一类事物，但不是同一个，which指前面的同一事物。13Though its GDP ranks second in the world, China remains a developing country with its average family income far below _ of Western developed countries. A.itB.thoseC.oneD.that【答案】D【解析】考查代词。句意：虽然中国的GDP世界排名第二，但它仍然是一个发展中国家，其家庭平均收入远低于西方发达国家的家庭平均收入。空处指代前面提到的average family in
86、come，同名不同物，且表示特指，故用that。14The yield of the new rice is much greater than of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.A.oneB. thatC. itD. what【答案】B【解析】考查替代词。句意：这种新水稻比种植在巴基斯坦的其他种类的水稻的产量高得多。one泛指上文的提到的可数名词单数；that特指上文提到的可数名词或者不可数名词；it指代同一名词；what是连词。空格指代上文提到的yield，特指在其他种类水稻的产量，故用that。故选B。 15He didnt make cl
87、ear when and where the sports meet would be held.A. thisB.itC. thatD.one【答案】B【解析】考查it的用法。句意：他没有弄清楚运动会将于何时何地举行。A.this代指下文的情况；B.it形式主语或形式宾语，代指句中真正主语或宾语；C.that代指上文的情况；D.one代指上文的可数名词单数。句中it为形式宾语，clear是宾补，真正宾语是when and where the sports meet would be held，故选B。. 语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。For thos
88、e1have seen War for the Planet of the Apes, its easy to come to this conclusion-the movie isnt about war or the planet, and its not2(necessary) even about the apes. The movie is about3(survive) and the choices we all make when one wants to survive, good or bad.With a story that should have been full
89、 of conflict and violence, it takes a different approach. You may find4(you) exposed to small pockets of action. While recent sci-fi movies have become5(know) for their action and scenes, War for the Planet of the Apes has taken science fiction6a thoughtful and intelligent direction.War for the Plan
90、et of the Apes may not be the action and monster film that you had in mind,7its the kind of film that will make you want to sit in silence in the theater for a few minutes after it ends, taking in8youve just witnessed.The few movies that have that effect9(be) usually about humans, but this film enab
91、les people10(feel) that way about apes. And that is what makes it a masterpiece.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了电影猩球崛起3：终极之战。1. who考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，先行词为those，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。2. necessarily考查副词。修饰动词或形容词用副词，故填necessarily。3. survival考查名词。此处用名词作宾语，表示抽象意义的“生存、幸存”，故填survival。4. yourself考查代词。此处与前面的You指的是一个人，所以用反身代词，
92、故填yourself。5. known考查形容词。be known for表示“因而众所周知”。6. in考查介词。in direction表示“朝的方向”。7. but考查连词。前后句意可知，前后是转折关系，所以用but连接。8. what考查宾语从句。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故填what。9. are考查主谓一致。主语是The few movies，be动词用复数，且为一般现在时态，故填are。10. to feel考查非谓语动词。enable sb to do表示“使某人能够做”。. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言
93、错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。I can still remember I was once asked to make speech before the whole class at the age of 9. You can imagine how shy I was when I thought of that wit
94、h so many eyes fixed to me. I had no more choice but to prepare for it, though. The hardest part was my oral presentation from my memory, for reading from the paper wasnt allowing. The real moment began before I stood on the platform with my legs trembling or my mind blank. But my listeners were wai
95、ting patient. Gradually, I found me back, giving my speech at last. After what seemed to be a long time, I heard all the listeners applauding loudly. Ever since then, my fear of speak before a big audience had disappeared. Actually, now Ive become a great speaker!【答案】I can still remember I was once
96、asked to make speech before the whole class at the age of 9. You can imagine how shy I was when I thought of that with so many eyes fixedme. I had no choice but to prepare for it, though. The hardest part was my oral presentation from my memory, for reading from the paper wasnt. The real moment bega
97、nI stood on the platform with my legs tremblingmy mind blank. But my listeners were waiting. Gradually, I foundback, giving my speech at last. After what seemed to be a long time, I heard all the listeners applauding loudly. Ever since then, my fear ofbefore a big audiencedisappeared. Actually, now
98、Ive become a great speaker!【解析】第一处：考查冠词。speech作 演讲讲时,是可数名词。故在其前加a。第二处：考查固定短语。fix on/upon意为(眼神或注意力)集中于,为固定搭配。第三处：考查固定结构。have no choice but.意为除了别无选择,为固定结构。第四处：考查被动语态。主语reading from the paper与动词allow是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态,此处表示读稿子上的内容是不被允许的。第五处：考查从属连词。结合语境可知,此处表示当时或在以后,故用when/as或after。第六处：考查并列连词。双腿发抖和脑袋空白是并列关
99、系。第七处：考查副词。此处表示耐心地等待,修饰动词wait用patient的副词形式。第八处：考查代词。I found myself back表示我觉得自己找回了状态,myself强调自身。第九处：考查动名词。of为介词,其后若接动词,应用动词的-ing形式。第十处：考查时态。根据时间状语Ever since then从那时起一直到说话这一刻可知,应用现在完成时。代词专练 一.单句填空1.Raise your leg and let _ stay in the air for seconds.2.Mulans characteristics，such as courage, kindness
100、and a careless attitude toward fame and fortune, made _(she) one of the most respected historical Chinese heroines.3.When young people are asked what makes the generation unique,_ put “technology use” first.4.Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area and the welfare department brought _
101、(they) food, clothes and medicine.5.Susan made_clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.6.A couple of days ago, I met a friend of_(me) at a local cafeteria for a chat.7.A few years before, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with_(it) choking smoke.8.They find the style of the young pain
102、ter is modeled after _ of the master Xu Beihong.9.At our factory there are a few machines similar to_described in this magazine.10.Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than_in the city.11.In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from_in the UK.
103、12.This is_my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.13.Would you like tea or coffee?_(Both/Either/Neither), thank you. Ive just had some water.14.We should move on bravely on our life journey _ difficulties we meet with.15.But _ it does have is a bunch of middle-aged
104、actors and actresses pretending to be high school students.二单句改错1.From that I understand， people are destroying thousands of square kilometers of trees every day.2.We should be grateful to them in return for which they have done for us.3.I think that accepting failure is that we need to do first bef
105、ore we succeed eventually.4.People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with their attention focused on the mobile phones, quite unaware of that is going on around them.5.After all,anything is more precious than time.6.I miss you very much and thus Im writing to tell you anything about my new
106、 life at college.7.The father and his son all shook my hand and thanked me again and again.8.My uncle gave my cousins and me some wine and said,“Now enjoy yourself, but dont get drunk! ”9.We Chinese people call us descendants of the dragon, hoping that we are brave and powerful enough to succeed.10.
107、Buses should have its own special lanes to facilitate public transport.11.John is a taxi driver in London. Last week her mother gave him two tickets for a play.12.Sometimes it is necessary to read a book more than once in order to absorb its full benefit.13.A man was selling fresh fish and a lot of
108、buyers were crowding around him choosing what he wanted.14.He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town.15.Last month,I gave some of my clothes to a girl who needed it because her parents didnt have money to buy her new clothes.参考答案一 1.答案：it根据语境判断,空格处应指代前文中的your leg,并作动
109、词let的宾语,故填代词it。2.答案：her解析：句意:木兰的品质,如勇敢、善良和对名利淡漠的态度, 使她成为中国历史上最受尊敬的女英雄之一。空格处指代Mulan,在动词made后作宾语,故用宾格her。3.答案：they 句意:当年轻人被问及是什么使这一代人独一无二时,他们的第一个答案是“科技的应用。分析句子结构可知,空格处作主语,指代young people,故填they。4.答案：them 句意:士兵们帮助人们从洪水地区撤离,福利部门给他们带来食物、衣服和药。根据句意判断此处构成bring sb.sth.结构,表示“带给某人某物。空格处在动词bring 后作宾语,而不是修饰名词food
110、,clothes and medicine,故空格处填代词宾格them而不是形容词性物主代词 their。5.答案：it解析：句意:苏珊向我表明她希望自己开始新的生活。所填词代替宾语从句“that she wished to make a new life for herself”,作made的形式宾语,故用it。6.答案：mine解析：句意:几天前,我在本地的一家自助餐厅里和我的一个朋友见了面并聊了会。表示“我的其中一位朋友”一般有两种表达方式:a friend of mine或one of my friends。mine在此等于my friends。7.答案：its解析：人称代词it不能作
111、定语,应改用其形容词性物主代词its。句意:几年前我住在香港的家中,那里有令人窒息的烟雾。8.答案：that 句意:他们发现这位年轻画家的风格是模仿大师徐悲鸿的。空格处指代the style,后面的介词短语of the master Xu Beihong是后置定语。替代词that可以特指前文的单数名词或不可数名词,且常用后置定语修饰,故空格处填that。9.答案：those解析：句意:在我们工厂有一些与这份杂志中描述的相似的机器。替代比较对象时通常可以用that替代不可数名词,those替代可数名词复数。此处是替代比较对象machines,故用those。10.答案：that解析：句意:我要搬
112、到农村去住,因为那里的空气要比城市的空气更新鲜。根据语境可知,设空处指代的是the air.属于“同类不同物”,符合指示代词that的用法。11.答案：that解析：句意:在许多方面,美国的教育制度与英国的教育制度没有很大差异。考查代词。用that代替the education system。12.答案：what解析：句意:这就是我父亲教我的要总是面对困难,作最好的期望。所填表语从句的引导词作taught的直接宾语,表示教给我的内容,破折号后面的不定式部分是对所教内容的具体说明,应填入what。13.答案：Neither解析：考查代词。neither (两者)都不,没有一个。句意:你是想喝茶还
113、是咖啡?谢谢你,都不想喝。我刚才已经喝了水了。both(两者)都;either(两者)任何一个。14.答案：whatever解析：考查让步状语从句。句意:在人生的旅程中不管遇到什么困难,我们都应该勇敢地继续前行。空处引导让步状语从句,根据空后的名词 difficulties可知,应填whatever。 15.答案：what解析：句意为:但它实际上是一伙儿中年男女演员假扮成高中生。分析句子结构可知, it does have在句中作主语,为主语从句,且主语从句中缺少have的宾语,表示“什么,应用what引导。二单句改错1.答案：From I understand, people are des
114、troying thousands of square kilometers of trees every day.解析： 分析句子结构可知，from后引导宾语从句，从句中understand后缺少宾语,表示“的东西”，应用what引导该从句， 故将that改为what。2.答案：We should be grateful to them in return for they have done for us.解析： 分析句子结构可知,第一个for后接宾语从句，从句中done后缺少宾语,表示“的事情”，应用what引导该从句，故将which改成what。3.答案：I think that ac
115、cepting failure is we need to do first before we succeed eventually.解析： 第二个thatwhat 表语从句中缺少do的宾语，表示的事物，而that在名词性从句中无意义，不作任何成分，故把that改为what。4.答案：People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with their attention focused on the mobile phones, quite unaware of is going on around them.解析： thatwhat句
116、意:各个年龄的人快乐地走在人行道上，注意力集中在手机上，丝毫没有意识到他们身边正发生着什么。第二个of后接宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，意为的事情，故用what。5.答案：After all, is more precious than time.解析：句意:毕竟,没有什么比时间更宝贵。根据句意可知anything(任何事物)应改为nothing(没有什么)。6.答案：I miss you very much and thus Im writing to tell you about my new life at college.解析：句意:我非常想念你,于是写信告诉你关于我大学新生活的一些
117、事情肯定句中用something;anything 般用于疑问、否定或条件句中.7.答案：The father and his son shook my hand and thanked me again and again.解析： allboth The father and his son 是两个人，all 用于三者或三者以上，both用于两者，故把all改为both。8.答案：My uncle gave my cousins and me some wine and said,“Now enjoy , but dont get drunk! ”解析：句意:我的叔叔给我和我的堂兄们一些酒说
118、: “现在尽情享受吧.但是别喝醉了!”根据my cousins and me可知不止一个人.因此yourself应改为复数形式.9.答案：We Chinese people call descendants of the dragon, hoping that we are brave and powerful enough to succeed.解析： usourselves句意:我们中国人自称龙的后裔，希望我们能足够勇敢和强大以获得成功。句子的主语和宾语指同一人时，宾语应用反身代词。10.答案：Buses should have own special lanes to facilitat
119、e public transport.解析： itstheir此处代词指代复数名词Buses，表示它们的，应用their。11.答案：John is a taxi driver in London. Last week mother gave him two tickets for a play.解析： herhis根据语境可知，修饰mother，指代男性John的形容词性物主代词应用his。要注意代词性别的一致性。12.答案：Sometimes it is necessary to read a book more than once in order to absorb full bene
120、fit.解析： Itsits句意:有时，为了充分吸收一本书的益处，你有必要多读一遍。修饰名词benefit应用形容词性物主代词its。13.答案：A man was selling fresh fish and a lot of buyers were crowding around him choosing what wanted.解析： hethey根据语境可知，宾语从句中应用代词指代前文的名词buyers,故用复数形式they。14.答案：He had a deep voice, which set apart from others in our small town.解析： himselfhim which 指代先行词 a deep voice，set 的宾语与set的主语不是指代同一个人，故此处不能用反身代词。15.答案：Last month,I gave some of my clothes to a girl who needed because her parents didnt have money to buy her new clothes.解析：句意:上个月,我把我的一些衣服给了一个有需要的女孩子,因为她的父母没有钱给她买新衣服指代some ofmy clothes应用them.
