1、绵阳市2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练（8）及解析 (2011南京二模，B)“Choo，Choo！”Here comes the Chunnel train. Get aboard if you want to learn more about this underground transportation system. This is an unusual form of transportation, because it is a tunnel that trains travel through and not an actual form of transportation.The
2、 Chunnel is actually the English nickname for the Channel Tunnel. In French，it is called le tunnel sous la Manche. It is a rail tunnel beneath the English Channel at the Straits of Dover. It connects Cheriton in Kent, England with Sangatte in northern France. It is the second longest rail tunnel in
3、the world.Did you know that the British and the French had a race while they were building the Chunnel? The race was to see who could get to the middle of the tunnel first. The British won by a little bit. It took 15,000 workers over seven years to dig the tunnel. The tunnel was finished in 1994.The
4、 completed Chunnel cost about $21 billion. But it all paid off, because it became very popular, very quick. Millions of people use it. Now it is getting even more popular.There are three complete tunnels in the Chunnel. The two outside ones are the passenger trains. The small inner one is a guidance
5、 train. The guidance train is not used for transportation. Each track is exactly parallel to each other.There are four different train systems in the Chunnel. The Eurostar is a high speed passenger service that connects London, Paris, Brussels and Lille. The Eurotunnel shuttle is a rail ferry servic
6、e. These shuttles carry cars and vans. These are railcars that allow drivers to drive their vehicles on and off. There are also two Eurotunnel goods service trains.Now you know more about the Chunnel. Everybody off，this is the last stop.本文介绍了1994年竣工的横贯多佛海峡连接英法的海底隧道地铁的修建、内在结构及其服务系统。4The Channel Tunne
7、l links _with_.A. London; Paris B. Cheriton; SangatteC. Lille; Brussels D. Dover; Kent答案：B。事实细节题。由第2段倒数第2句“It connects Cheriton in Kent，England with Sangatte in northern France.”可知B项正确。5Which of the following shows the structure of the tunnels in the Chunnel?答案：A。事实细节题。由倒数第3段可知A项正确。6The Eurotunnel s
8、huttle is intended to carry_.A. passengers B. drivers and their vehiclesC. goods D. staff members of the Chunnel答案：B。事实细节题。由倒数第2段中的“The Eurotunnel shuttle is a rail ferry service.their vehicles on and off”可知B项正确。7The text can most probably be _.A. found in a guidebookB. read in a magazineC. broadcas
9、t on a train D. heard in a railwav station 答案：C。推理判断题。文章首尾，尤其是尾段，说明了这是乘坐火车的场景，也暗示了答案。C22013山东卷 AJimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago. He has a good heart, but always feared applying for a new job.One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job in
10、terview.His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8：30. While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. When
11、Jimmy finished working on the car，the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview. Then the old man said，“Well，I could take you to the office for your interview. Its the least I
12、 could do. Please, I insist.” Jimmy agreed.Upon arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed. Jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair, but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt.One by one, the applicants left the interviewers o
13、ffice with disappointed looks on their faces. Finally his name was called. The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window. Rocking the chair back and forth, he asked, “Do you really need to be interviewed？” Jimmys heart sank.“With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass
14、this interview？” he thought to himself.Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmys surprise, it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning. It turned out he was the General Manager of the company.“Sorry I had to keep you waiting, but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have
15、you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into this office. I just know youd be a trustworthy worker. Congratulations！” Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of welldeserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.56Why did Jimmy apply for a new job?A. He was out of work.BHe was bored with h
16、is job.CHe wanted a higher position. DHe hoped to find a better boss.57What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?AA friends car had a flat tyre. BA wild man was pushing a car.CA terrible car accident happened. DAn old mans car broke down.58Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride?AHe was also to
17、be interviewed. BHe needed a travelling companion.CHe always helped people in need. DHe was thankful to Jimmy.59How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewers question?A. He was sorry for the other applicants.B. There was no hope for him to get the job.C. He regretted helping the old man.D. The inte
18、rviewer was very rude.60What can we learn from Jimmys experience?A. Where theres a will, theres a way.B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.C. Good is rewarded with good.D. Two heads are better than one.【要点综述】 这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了吉米是个汽车修理工，几个月前丢掉了工作，他的心态很好，但是总是害怕申请新工作。一天，他在去面试等车的时候，看见一位老人的车坏了，吉米主动帮助老人修好
19、了车，并且没要费用，老人为感谢吉米让他搭车去面试，恰巧面试的经理正是吉米帮助修车的老人，为此，吉米被录用。这个故事充分体现了这样的谚语：善有善报。56A考查细节理解。从第一段的第一句“Jimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago.”可知吉米失去了工作，下文提到吉米找工作面试的问题。故选A。57D考查细节理解。根据第二段的“While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an el
20、derly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand.”可知，吉米在路上遇到一位老人，这位老人的车出问题了。58D考查细节理解。根据第二段的“Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a handJimmy said there was no need to pay him”和“Its the least I could do.”可知，
21、老人是为了感谢吉米的帮助，让吉米搭车去面试。59B考查细节理解。根据第三段的“Jimmys heart sank. With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview？ he thought to himself.”可知，吉米感到这份工作对他来说没有什么希望了。60C考查推理判断。从全文看，吉米在面试的路上帮助一位老人修车，这位老人正是吉米面试的经理，吉米就被录用了。这充分体现了这样的谚语：善有善报(Good is rewarded with good.)。Where theres a will, theres a
22、 way.有志者事竟成。A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难朋友才是真朋友。Two heads are better than one.两人智慧胜一人。/人多智广。C22013陕西卷 BIn 1978, I was 18 and was working as a nurse in a small town about 270 km away from Sydney, Australia.I was looking forward to having five days off from duty.Unfortunately, the only one t
23、rain a day back to my home in Sydney had already left.So I thought Id hitch a ride (搭便车)I waited by the side of the highway for three hours but no one stopped for me.Finally, a man walked over and introduced himself as Gordon.He said that although he couldnt give me a lift, I should come back to his
24、 house for lunch.He noticed me standing for hours in the November heat and thought I must be hungry.I was doubtful as a young girl but he assured(使放心) me I was safe, and he also offered to help me find a lift home afterwards.When we arrived at his house, he made us sandwiches.After lunch, he helped
25、me find a lift home.Twentyfive years later, in 2003, while I was driving to a nearby town one day, I saw an elderly man standing in the glaring heat, trying to hitch a ride.I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour Id been given decades earlier.I pulled over and picked him up.I
26、 made him comfortable on the back seat and offered him some water.After a few moments of small talk, the man said to me, “You havent changed a bit, even your red hair is still the same.”I couldnt remember where Id met him.He then told me he was the man who had given me lunch and helped me find a lif
27、t all those years ago.It was Gordon.50The author had to hitch a ride one day in 1978 because _Aher work delayed her trip to Sydney Bshe was going home for her holidaysCthe town was far away from Sydney Dshe missed the only train back home51Which of the following did Gordon do according to Paragraph
28、2?AHe helped the girl find a ride.BHe gave the girl a ride back home.CHe bought sandwiches for the girl.DHe watched the girl for three hours.52The reason why the author offered a lift to the elderly man was that _Ashe realized he was GordonBshe had known him for decadesCshe was going to the nearby t
29、ownDshe wanted to repay the favour she once got53What does the author want to tell the readers through the story?AGiving sometimes produces nice results.BThose who give rides will be repaid.CGood manners bring about happiness.DPeople should offer free rides to others.【要点综述】 俗话说：好心有好报。本文讲的是一个人在25年前帮助
30、过别人，而25年后他又得到了那位受助者的帮助。50D细节理解题。由第一段的最后两句可知，作者站在路边搭便车的原因是：通往她家唯一一趟列车已经开走了，选D。51A推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，Gordon帮助作者搭上了顺风车回家，而其他三个选项文中并未提及。52D细节理解题。由第三段中的“I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour Id been given decades earlier.”可知选D。53A作者意图题。本文作者的写作目的就是想要告诉读者一个道理：给予有时会产生很美好的结果，选A。C820
31、12北京卷 Decisionmaking under StressA new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative(负面的) consequences of a decision.The research suggests that stress may chang
32、e the way people make choices in predictable ways.“Stress affects how people learn，” says Professor Mara Mather.“People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像)with either rewards or punishment
33、s. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material
34、 more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stressat those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activiti
35、es comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.The research also found that stress appears to affect decisionmaking differently in men and women.
36、While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the coldwater task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in
37、which risktaking can pay off big, men may tend to do better; when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making
38、the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.64We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to _.Akeep rewards better in their memoryBrecall consequences more effortlesslyCmake risky decisions more frequentlyDlearn a subject more effectively65According to the research, st
39、ress affects people most probably in their _.Aways of making choicesBpreference for pleasureCtolerance of punishmentsDresponses to suggestions66The research has proved that in a stressful situation, _.Awomen find it easier to fall into certain habitsBmen have a greater tendency to slow downCwomen fo
40、cus more on outcomesDmen are more likely to take risks【要点综述】本文主要讲述的是压力对人做出决定的影响以及男女在面对压力时决定方式的不同。64. A细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.”可知A为正确
41、答案。65. A推理判断题。根据文章标题和实验内容，可知作者要说明的是“The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.”(第二段)。所以选A。66. D细节理解题。根据文章第七段“Men who had been stressed by the coldwater task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way.”可知D为正确选项。
