1、语法剖析活用宾语补足语1.宾语补足语的作用:宾语补足语对宾语进行进一步地补充和说明。2.宾语补足语的句型结构:谓语动词+宾语宾语补足语。3.宾语补足语在数上和宾语保持一致。4.宾语补足语的构成:宾语补足语通常是一个名词词组、形容词、带to的动词不定或不带to的动词不定或介词短语构成；现在分词、过去分词、副词和形容词也可充当宾语补足语。如:I heard two girls singing in the next room.(现在分词)我听到两个姑娘在隔壁房间唱歌。I found the classroom thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged i
2、n good order.(过去分词)我发现教室被打扫得干干净净,一切安排得井井有条。Dont shut him out.(副词)不要把他关在门外。5.可以充当宾语补足语的特殊结构:“as+动名词(名词或形容词)”充当宾语补足语;从句充当宾语补足语;动名词短语有时在某些动词(call，name)之后也可以充当宾语补足语。如:We shouldnt regard it as impossible.(as结构)我们不应该把这件事看作不可能。Call me what you like.(从句)你愿意叫我什么就叫什么。6.注意:宾语补足语一般是紧跟在宾语之后,但有时被修饰宾语的定语、定语从句或同位语从
3、句分隔开来,应特别注意这种现象。如: He marked all the bees that came to the nearby feeding place blue.他给所有来到附近喂食处的蜜蜂标上蓝色。主谓一致主谓一致意味着在主语之后选择正确的单数或复数谓语动词。下面几点有助于我们判定谓语动词的单、复数。1.如果句子的主语是下面的情况,谓语动词应是单数。*单数名词或不可数名词*度量单位、书名或人名*短语或从句2.如果句子的主语是下面的情况,谓语动词用复数。*复数名词*由and连接的两个或两个以上的词或词组3.当句子的主语是all of /most of /some of /half of
4、 /a part of名词/代词时,谓语动词的数与名词或代词保持一致。4.当主语是集体名词时,比如band,crowd,class,dozen,family,public以及team,如果在意义上把集体名词看成一个整体,谓语动词用单数;如果指集体名词中的各个成员,则谓语动词用复数。5.像news,physics,mathematics和 Aids一类的名词在形上是复数,意义上则是单数,当它们作主语时,谓语动词用单数;一些名词,如goods,clothes,congratulations,earnings,remains以及belongings等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。6.当either.or
5、.,neither. nor.,not.only. but also.以及 not. but.连接并列的主语时,谓语动词的单复数依最靠近它的名词的单复数而定。7.and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数。如:The premier and foreign minister was there.总理兼外交部长在场。8.当 each. and each.;every. and every.结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:Every man and every woman is asked to help.要求每一个男女都来帮忙。9.当主语后面
6、跟有as well as,along with,together with,as much as,rather than,no less than等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单复数通常按主语的单复数而定。如:Tom,together with his friends,goes skating every Saturday.每个星期六,汤姆和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。10.当不定代词all作主语表示人时,谓语动词用复数,当all表示物时,谓语动词用单数。如:All are to reach an agreement.大家都急于达成一项协议。All is not gold that glitters.
7、闪闪发光的未必都是金子。11.当分数、百分数作主语时,谓语动词由of 之后的名词的单复数而定,如of 之后的名词是复数或集体名词,谓语动词用复数;如of 之后的名词是单数或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。如:Thirty percent of the students in our school are girls.我们学校百分之三十的学生是女生。Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.地球表面的四分之三是海洋。当主语是most,the rest,the last,the remainder等表示“全体”“部分”“其余”“剩下的”人或物意义
8、时,谓语动词遵循意义一致的原则,即:如所指的是复数意义,谓语动词用复数;如所指的是单数意义,谓语动词用单数。如:Three of us will go,the rest are to stay here.我们中的三个人去,其余的人留在这儿。The rest of the speech is very interesting.演讲的其余部分很有趣。12.当town,city,country,village,school等分别表示总称的镇民、全体居民、国民或村民时,谓语动词用单数,而且这些名词前常用定冠词the修饰,也可以用形容词whole作定语。如:The whole town was talk
9、ing about it.全镇的人都在谈论这件事。The country is opposed to war.全国人民反对战争。13.如果主语是由lots of,plenty of,a great deal of,a lot of,loads of(许多)等加上名词构成时,谓语的单复数取决于其后的名词的单复数。如:Loads of fresh milk was given to them.(有人)给了他们许多新鲜的牛奶。Loads of big apples are on the ground.地上有许多大苹果。14.当“one+and a half+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:O
10、ne and a half bananas was eaten by the little boy.这个小男孩已吃了一个半香蕉了。15.主语是“the 形容词或过去分词”结构时,如果指一类人或事物,谓语动词用复数,如果指某一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数。如:The aged are well taken in the village.在这个村子里,老人都得到了很好的照顾。The departed was a good friend of his.死者是他的一个好友。16.一些形复意单的名词,如trousers,pants(短衬裤),pyjamas(睡衣),tongs(钳子),glasses,
11、scissors(剪刀)等有成双部分的衣物名称或工具名称作主语时,谓语动词用复数。但当这类名词前有a pair of 来修饰时,谓语动词应用单数。如: My blue trousers have worn out.我的蓝裤子已穿坏了。This pair of scissors was made in Hangzhou.这把剪刀是杭州制造的。17.the number of.作主语时,谓语动词用单数;a number of.作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。如:The number of the people who own cars is increasing every year.拥有小汽车的人
12、数逐年增加。A large number of people applied for the job.许多人申请做这项工作。18.如果主语是由“many a,more than one 单数名词”构成,尽管意义上是复数,谓语动词仍用单数形。但是“more than数词复数名词”结构作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:There is more than one answer to your question.对于你的这个问题答案不止一个。More than one thousand students are studying in this school.有一千多学生在这所学校学习。19.what从
13、句作主语时的主谓一致1)在“主语+连系动词+表语”的结构中,如果以what 从句作主语,表语又是单数,主句的谓语动词是单数;如果表语是复数,则主句的谓语动词的数用复数。如:What caused the accident is a mystery.事故是由什么引起的是个谜。What his father left him are a few English books.他父亲留给他的仅是几本英语书而已。2)当what从句是个具有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数。如:What I say and think are no business of yours.我说的和想的与你无关。20.
14、在“one of复数名词+定语从句”的结构中,定语从句的谓语动词的数应由它所修饰的先行词的数来决定。但当先行词前有the only,the very 或any等词作定语时,则定语从句的谓语动词采用单数形。如:This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire.这就是那次大火中烧毁的房间之一。Is there any one of you who wants to go with me?你们当中有人想和我一起去吗？This is the only one of his short stories that is not well writ
15、ten.这是他惟一的一篇写得不好的短篇故事。【活学活用】37.1)选择括号中正确的词填空Between the two buildings _ (stand,stands) a monument.No one except my parents _ (know,knows) anything about it.Neither my father nor I _ (is,am) able to persuade my sister to change her mind.The number of books sold in this small bookshop _ (is,are) simpl
16、y amazing.His family _ (is,are) all like music.答案:standsknowsamisare2)把下面的句子译成英语并指出各句中的宾语补足语(OC)他可以感觉出自己的心跳得很快。_OC:_请在隔壁房间里验血。_OC:_他们发现她很适宜做这项工作。_OC:_这种花你们叫什么？_OC:_你喜欢喝茶浓一点还是淡一点。_OC:_答案:He could feel his heart beating quickly.OC:beating quicklyPlease have your blood tested in the next room.OC:tested in the next roomThey found her a very suitable person for the job.OC:a very suitable person for the jobWhat do you call this kind of flower?OC:WhatDo you like your tea weak or strong?OC:weak or strong
