1、Section Using languageGrammar动词不定式，动词ing形式和动词ed形式作表语一、动词不定式作表语1动词不定式放在be, become, sound, taste, seem, appear等系动词后面常表示将来的动作或起解释说明的作用，其主语常常是wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job, goal, aim, way等表示意向、打算、计划的词及what 引导的主语从句等。Her wish is to become a key college student after graduating from high school.她的愿望
2、是高中毕业后成为一名名校大学生。What he wanted to suggest is to cut down the price and increase the sales.他想建议的是降低价格，增加销售量。2动词不定式作表语时也常用来表示预定要发生的动作，或表示未来的可能性或假设。The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow.明天学生们将在学校大门口见面。Her plan is to be a failure.她的计划是注定要失败的。即时演练一补全句子The only alternative to being taken pr
3、isoner was to die fighting.除了当俘虏之外，唯一的选择就是奋战至死了。His plan is to buy a new iPad for his son as a reward for his good behavior at school.他的计划是给儿子买个新的iPad作为他在学校表现好的奖励。二、动词ing形式作表语动词ing形式作表语通常是对主语进行解释、说明，这时主语和表语位置可以互换。My job is looking after the children.Looking after the children is my job.我的工作是照看这些孩子。W
4、hat I hate most is being laughed at.Being laughed at is what I hate most.我最恨的就是被别人嘲笑。即时演练二补全句子Our job is keeping the streets clean.我们的工作是保持街道清洁。This was really carrying matters a little too far.这事做得真有点太过分了。Her job is checking letter of credit and terms of contract.她的工作是核对信用证和合同款。三、动词不定式、动词ing形式与现在进行
5、时态的易混区别1动词不定式与动词ing形式作表语的区别动词不定式作表语强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作动词ing形式作表语强调一般性的、抽象的、经常发生的动作His job is to paint the walls within two hours.他的工作是在两小时内粉刷这些墙壁。(一次性的、具体的、目前要做的事情，并不是他日常的工作)His job is painting walls.他的工作是粉刷墙壁。(这是他日常的工作)2作表语用的动词ing形式和现在进行时态的区别动词ing形式说明主语的情况或性质，其内容在逻辑上等于主语的内容现在进行时说明动作是由主语完成的，即表示主语正在进行
6、的动作His job is cleaning the classroom.他的工作是打扫教室。(动词ing形式作表语)He is cleaning the classroom.他正在打扫教室。(谓语，现在进行时)即时演练三补全句子Our job is building houses.我们的工作是建房子。Our main task now is to build this house.我们现在的主要任务是建这所房子。One of the best sports events is swimming.游泳是最好的运动项目之一。A group of children are swimming in
7、the river.一群孩子正在河里游泳。四、分词作表语1分词作表语，总是跟在系动词之后，构成复合谓语。现在分词作表语，表示主语所具有的特征。许多作表语的现在分词几乎已经形容词化，可以用副词修饰，也可以有比较级形式。这类常见的现在分词有amazing, amusing, annoying, astonishing, boring, charming等。The development of our aviation industry is quite encouraging.我们的航空工业的发展是非常令人鼓舞的。His repeated absence (from school) is worr
8、ying.他一再缺课使人担忧。2过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。作表语的过去分词也几乎已经形容词化，可以被副词修饰，有比较形式。这类过去分词常见的有 amazed, amused, astonished, bored, broken, closed, decided, delighted, devoted, known等。He felt thoroughly disappointed.他感到特别失望。Einsteins theory of relativity is known all over the world.爱因斯坦的相对论是全世界都知道的。即时演练四单句语法填空I am aston
9、ished (astonish) that he didnt pass the exam.The story is the most fascinating (fascinate)It was astonishing (astonish) to hear him say so.I think his lecture is boring (bore)We were amused (amuse) to learn that he had made a foolish mistake.五、现在分词、过去分词与被动语态的易混区别1现在分词与过去分词作表语时的区别现在分词多含有“令人”之意，说明主语的性
10、质特征，多表示主动，主语多是物过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到”之意，主语多是人Please describe a dog that is frightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。Dont be frightened.Youre always brave.不要害怕。你一直很勇敢的。2过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语相当于形容词，表示性质或状态被动语态表示具体的动作The glass plate is broken.(表语)玻璃板破了。The glass plate was broken by him.(被动语态)玻璃盘子被他打破了。即时演练五单句语法填空/补
11、全句子 What an exciting game! Im really excited at it.(excite)The book is very interesting and Im interested in it.(interest)We are all pleased (please) with the work he has done.The painting remains unfinished.这幅画仍然未完成。The painting was finished by his apprentice.这幅画是由他的徒弟完成的。1(教材P41)Although my legs w
12、ere tired from walking around the city, I was determined to see the painting, which is often called the “Mona Lisa of the North”虽然我的腿因为在城市里走来走去而累了，但我决心去看通常被称为“北方的蒙娜丽莎”的这幅画。determine vt.决定；确定；下定决心(1)determine从句决定determine to do sth. 决定做某事(强调动作)determine on/upon (doing) sth. 就(做)某事做出决定(2)determined ad
13、j. 坚决的；有决心的be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(强调状态)(3)determination n. 决心(佳句)She determined to work twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.她决心比以前加倍努力地工作以弥补失去的时间。练透单句语法填空I determined to write (write) them in alphabetical order (按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea.Where he on
14、ce felt like giving up, he now has the determination (determine) to push further and keep on going.Determined (determine) to do this on my own, I spent several weeks going doortodoor for a job, but found little response.写美补全句子As a student in senior high school, the most important task is to study ha
15、rd, which determines our future.作为一名高中生，最重要的任务是努力学习，这将决定着我们的未来。名师指津高考中常把determined to do sth.作状语的用法作为考查点，有类似用法的还有lost in, caught in，absorbed in等。 2(教材P43)Contrast achieved with the lifeless objects and the grass leaves由无生命物体和草叶获得的对比contrast n反差，对比 vt.& vi.使成对比，对照，形成对照in contrast to/with与相比之下by/in co
16、ntrast 与之相反；相比之下contrast .and/with . 把和进行对比contrast with . make a contrast with . 和形成对比 (佳句)The poverty of her childhood stands in total contrast to her life in Hollywood.她孩提时的贫困处境与她在好莱坞的生活有着天壤之别。练透单句语法填空His actions contrasted sharply with his promises.By/In contrast，Mrs Yang was much more easygoing.Mary was short and fat，in contrast to/with her mother who was tall and slim.写美补全句子The white walls make a sharp contrast with the black carpet.白色的墙与黑色的地毯形成了鲜明的对比。
