1、第三节概要写作该题型要求根据所提供的材料写一篇60词左右的内容概要。其中所提供的短文词数在350以内，所选材料的体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。评分标准本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分(词数少于40和多于80的，从总分中减去2分)档次描述第五档(2125)1理解准确，涵盖全部要点。2能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。3能有效使用语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。4完全使用了自己的语言。第四档(1620)1理解准确，涵盖绝大部分要点。2所使用的语法结构和词汇可能有些错误，但完全不影响意义表达。3比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。4有个别整句抄自原文。第三
2、档(1115)1理解较为准确，涵盖大部分要点。2所使用的语法结构和词汇方面虽有些错误，但不影响意义表达。3使用简单的语句间的连接成分，使上下文内容连贯。4出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。第二档(610)1理解有误差，仅涵盖半数要点。2有些许语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达。3较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性。4出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。第一档(15)1没有理解原文，造成概要内容与原文主题不符。2有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达。3缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。4出现多个句子抄自原文现象。0分白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。常
3、见错误1不能准确抓住要点。 概要写作的重点是能概括出要点， 如果不能抓住要点，句子写得再好，也不能得分。 因此，抓住要点是关键。 抓准要点，除了要读懂文章的主旨、了解文章的结构，还要特别注意一些标志词，如小标题、高频词等。2随意打乱文章的结构。 概要写作一般会提供结构比较清晰的文章。 而写概要的时候，一般都是按照文章的结构去概括要点。 不要轻易打乱文章的结构。3各个要点的独立性不够。 考试说明对要点的独立性有明确的要求。 因此，我们对要点的陈述也要相对独立，一般不要把几个要点放到一个句子中。4照抄原文中的句子。 概要写作的独立性除了各个要点的独立之外，其实还要求用自己的语言去概括文章，不能直接
4、照抄原文的句子。 因此，切记要用自己的语言来概括要点。一、在写作时，主要考虑以下内容：1概括的准确性概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。开篇用主题句清楚明白地告诉读者文章的写作目的，主题句的质量决定概括的成败。2语言的规范性尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的语言来表达，至少要对原文句子作一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。3篇章的连贯性理解准确，涵盖全部要点，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相
5、应的语法结构和词汇，得分档次相应比较高；相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分档次将会大大降低；所写内容与所提供内容无关则不得分。所写的文章要有一个明确的主题贯穿全文，在组织材料时要有明晰的思路。此外，层次要分明，有条理；衔接过渡要自然。在备考的过程中进行写提纲的训练有助于该项能力的提高。二、分体裁个个击破1记叙文：“要素串联法”记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。记叙文通常要交代清楚六要素的内容，即when，where，who，what，how，why(时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果)，给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。事情
6、的叙述通常按时间的顺序叙述，让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在关联。我们必须抓住记叙文的写作特点或思路，从而更好地理解文章主题，概括出比较中肯的短文中心大意，用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么。 其概要模板为：(1)点明写作目的类：The writer tells us.(主题)by showing us an example of.，who/which.(故事情节)(2)作者经历类：In the passage，the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing.，which.(3)他人经历类：This passage is mainly a
7、bout sb.s experience of doing.2议论文：“主题概括法”议论文通常用来讲明道理、议论是非、提出观点和看法。作者先正面或反面提出论点，然后用事实论证论点，最后以重申论点或提出建议的方式得出结论。议论文的主题句通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句。该概述的过程中尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。可以采用如下方法概括：The writer of this article thinks that.或者你认为该材料的观点代表了一些人的思想，就可以说Some people think.，还可以从中立的角度或用“无人称”的方式来说The article gives the
8、view that.。常用以下句式开头： (1)The passage mainly tells us (talks about).(2)We can know from the passage.(3)As far as the author is concerned.3说明文、应用文：“段意合并法”说明性短文，必须用概括性的文字来说明某种现象，常用以下句式开头： (1)It is stated in the article that.(2)According to the passage，the author states that.说明文的概括结构为：phenomenon/problemr
9、easonsolution (cause and effect)，introduction of an object (how it is made，how it is used，how it may change，what makes it new or significant)(3)对于说明性或描述性短文，可以用概括性文字说明某一现象。其模板为：现象揭示类：This article points out the common phenomenon(主题)，which.(补充解释)利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of
10、 A and BA.while B.研究显示类：The study reveals(揭露) that.The purpose of the report is to show that.三、写作步骤1弄清要求，有的放矢。概要写作是写全文的概要，不是写某一部分的概要，也不是单独就某些问题写出要点。2细读原文，确定主题句。首先要仔细阅读短文，确定文章的主题句，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。主题句一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己组合。3寻找关键词，列出原文要点。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并
11、注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。1 (20196月浙江)Parents everywhere praise their kids.Jenn Berman，author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids，says, “Weve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise，parents think
12、 theyre building their childrens confidence，when，in fact，it may be just the opposite.Too much praise can backfire and，when given in a way thats insincere，make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them.Still，dont go
13、too far in the other direction.Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.Kids will feel like theyre not good enough or that you dont care and，as a result，may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the qu
14、ality of praise is more important than the quantity.If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome，you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward.“We should especially recognize our childrens efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a g
15、oal，” says Donahue，author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters.“One thing to remember is that its the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team.But if hes out there every day and playing hard，you
16、 should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when he/she has worked hard to clean the yard，cook dinner，or finish a book report.But whatever it is，praise should be given on a casebycase basis and be
17、 proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.思路点拨文章体裁：议论文时态：一般现在时为主文章大意： 父母对孩子的过多表扬或过少都会带来不好的影响，恰当的表扬应着重表扬孩子做事过程中的努力而非结果，并建立在实际情况的基础上。段落大意：1现在的父母表扬孩子过多，会带来负面的影响，如孩子害怕尝试新事物或者害怕达不到父母的高期待等。2过少的表扬也是有害的，会让孩子觉得自己不够好，没有得到父母的关心或觉得自己的努力没有意义。3正确的方式应该是注重赞美的质量而不是数量，注重孩子努力的过程而非结果。4表扬要适当
18、，要根据实际情况。变式表达要点1(1)Giving children too much praise can be bad for them.(概括明了)(2)Parents praise their kids to build their confidence but giving them a lot of praise may be just the opposite.(交代目的和反作用)要点2(1)Not praising them is also harmful，which makes them not try hard.(定语从句，简洁)(2)Kids will lose hear
19、t if not praised enough.(状语从句、省略句，简单明了)要点3(1)We should pay more attention to the quality of praise rather than the quantity，and we should remember the process is more important than the end.(并列句，交代两个方面的问题)(2)Actually，what really matters is the quality rather than the quantity of praise，which should
20、be sincere and concentrate on the process instead of the result.(actually的使用，使前后衔接紧凑)要点4(1) Praising children appropriately is important，which can encourage and recognize them.(which定语从句说明目的)(2) In a word，praising children should be based on the facts and their efforts，with the purpose of encouragin
21、g and recognizing them.(in a word概括全文)参考范文Parents praise their children to promote their confidence，but too much praise may result in opposite effects.(要点1) However，kids may feel discouraged when not given enough praise.(要点2)Actually，what really matters is the quality rather than the quantity of pra
22、ise，which should be sincere and concentrate on process instead of result.(要点3) Praise offers encouragement and recognition，while it should be based on the fact and correspond with the effort.(要点4)2 (201811月浙江)Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all st
23、art to look and sound the same.Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校园) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms，classrooms and athletic equipment and，of course，the students.It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time
24、to visit college campuses，and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away.But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life，and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.Theres no exc
25、use not to visit the schools in your local area.In fact，a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus，and obviously，if you live across the country that wont be as much of a possibility，but if you live nearby，go check it out!If campus visits arent going to happen before you apply，
26、at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools youd like to attend.It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you dont like about certain campuses，things that you wouldnt know unless you actually visit
27、.Now，if time and money are making it impossible，then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.Its a chance to chat online with admissions officers，students，and college counselors(顾问)，and it wont cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at .While visiting an online
28、college fair cant take the place of an actual campus visit，it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities youd like to attend.思路点拨文章体裁：议论文时态：一般现在时为主文章大意： 上大学之前需要全面地了解你所感兴趣的学校，文章介绍了几种了解大学的途径。段落大意：1在上哪所大
29、学之前需要全面地了解你所感兴趣的学校，实地考察是了解学校的最好途径。2如果有可能，尽量去参观一下当地的大学校园。3倘若实在没有时间在申请之前去看，那么也要在提交申请和接到录取通知书这段时间之间去了解你想去的学校。4当你既没有时间也没有财力的时候，上网浏览网上大学博览会也是一个不错的选择。变式表达要点1(1) Its good to visit colleges before you apply.(概括简洁明了)(2)There is no doubt that it is beneficial for you to visit colleges before applying.(there i
30、s no doubt that.，同位语从句的运用提升句子档次)要点2(1) If you live near the college，do visit it in person.(do强调动作)(2)It is necessary to pay a visit to the local colleges，which may be asked in applications.(定语从句使句子更生动)要点3(1)Only when you visit the college in advance can you find whether it is appropriate for you.(运用
31、倒装强调提前参观大学的好处)(2) At least，you should visit the school and figure out its real conditions in advance.(at least起到了很好的衔接作用)要点4(1)If you have no time or money，it is a good idea to surf the online college fairs.(概括简洁)(2)Time and money limited，you can register for the online college fairs to visit the co
32、lleges.(独立主格结构说明条件不具备)参考范文Its really worthwhile for students to pay a visit to their desired colleges personally before applying.(要点1)Undoubtedly，students should visit their local colleges，which may be included in applications.(要点2) At least，they should visit the school and figure out its real condi
33、tions in advance.(要点3) For students who are short of money and time，registering for the online college fair is a good alternative to help them better understand schools.(要点4)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。How to Go About It?The old saying，“Find a penny，pick it up，and all day long youll have good luck”，mi
34、ght be a good idea for one looking to adopt coin collecting as a hobby.Anyone can start coin collecting.Its easy and fun to start collecting on your own.You can begin simply，with just the coins in your pocket.And from there，your hobby will grow into a lifelong hobby with a little diligence，persevera
35、nce，discipline and patience.Coin collecting is both educational and informative.For kids of your age，all you need is an interest in coins，a sharp eye，and a box to put them in.You can look in your pocket change，at department stores，at flea(跳蚤) markets，in penny dishes or in the cheap boxes at coin sho
36、ps.Dont worry about whether its worth anythingjust start with whatever strikes your fancy(爱好)If you want to take special care of your coins so that they dont get scratched(有抓痕的)，you can put each one in a small paper envelope before you put it in a box.The first you will need to do is to visit your l
37、ocal hobby shop.There you can purchase a magnifying glass(放大镜)，some coins，and some coin storage(存储) materials.Once you have collected a good number of coins，you will need to decide the type of your collection and the choices can be confusing and endless.You can collect them separately，or buy precoll
38、ected sets of(几套) Lincoln pennies(便士)，Mercury dimes(硬币)，coins from foreign lands，and so on，to start your collection.Maybe you want to just collect coins from a certain time period that interest you.Whatever your decision，stick with it and work to complete your collection.You can add to your collecti
39、on by visiting coin shows or trading with family and friends who might share interest with you.The final step is to get out there，enjoy the hobby and pull together the most amazing collection of coins ever gathered.写作提示1写作要点(1)第一段通过引用名言引出介绍的话题：“Anyone can start coin collecting.”“Coin collecting is b
40、oth educational and informative.”。(2)根据第二段首句“For kids of your age，all you need is an interest in coins，a sharp eye，and a box to put them in.”可知，对于与你年龄相仿的孩子来说，需要具备对硬币的兴趣、敏锐的观察力和存放硬币的盒子。 (3)根据第三段的首句“The first you will need to do is to visit your local hobby shop.”可知，收集硬币首先要去当地的业余爱好者商店看看。(4)根据第四段中的“You
41、 can collect them separately，or buy precollected sets of(几套) Lincoln pennies(便士)，Mercury dimes(硬币)，coins from foreign lands”可知，在收集了一些硬币之后，要把它们分类整理。(5)由第五段可知，你可以通过去硬币展或者是和有同样爱好的家人、朋友交换来增加你的收藏。(6)最后一段告诉我们，收藏完成后，要走出去和别人分享成功的快乐。这是一篇说明文，文章开篇便点题，说明硬币收集的意义，然后从6个方面分6步进行了详细的介绍。由于论点较多，在概括时要注意连接成分的使用。2得分词句：a s
42、harp eye；to get your coins；if necessary; In addition；定语从句：which can be both educational and informative；when completing省略句等。参考范文Anyone can start coin collecting which can be both educational and informative.For kids of your age，interest，a sharp eye and a box are needed.First，go out to visit your loc
43、al hobby shop to get your coins.And then separate or buy precollected sets if necessary.Finally，you can also add to your collection.In addition，when completing collections，go out to enjoy or share them.强化练(二十六).应用文写作假定你是李华。你从互联网上得知第十二届国际未来商业领袖峰会(International Future Business Leader Summit)将在上海举行，并欢迎
44、中学生参加。请你写一封电子邮件申请参加。要点如下：1自我介绍(包括英语能力)；2申请参加活动的意图(增长商业知识、提高领导能力、加强交流)；3希望获准。注意：1词数80左右；2可适当加入细节，以使内容充实，行文连贯。参考范文Dear Sir or Madam，Im Li Hua，a middle school student from China.I read about your announcement of the 12th International Future Business Leader Summit posted on the Internet.Im writing to a
45、pply for an opportunity to join in it.Ten years of English learning enables me to have a good command of this language.Whats more，I can deepen my understanding of business，improve my leadership and communicate with students from other countries as well.I do hope to be admitted to your summit.Looking
46、 forward to your reply!Regards，Li Hua.读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。I was doing a big cleanup recently and my kids were helping when my son，Freddo，came across a knotted handkerchief with an old dark brown coin inside.“Mum，can I have this? Can I play with this coin？” he asked.I took a look and wa
47、s immediately transported to another time.In 1991，there was a time when my friend and I worked in a backward African country，Niger，hit by sandstorms and burning heat.There were many things I found difficult about this placethe climate and beggars were my biggest headaches.So after finishing five mon
48、ths of nursing work there，we moved on to work at a health clinic in the neighbouring country，Burkina Faso.“Its much greener in Burkina.Even the Coke tastes better，” the locals assured us.Yet the fact was quite the opposite.Arriving by taxi at our destination in Burkina，we began to unload.I was reach
49、ing for my larger piece of luggage when，out of the darkness，a motorbike with two men approached slowly.Without warning，one of the men grabbed my daypack as the motorbike swept close by.Within seconds，the pair were out of sight，swallowed up by the night.With my passport，money，travellers cheques all i
50、n the bag，I was in deep trouble.How frustrating! All I wanted was to leave this hellhole! Then，walking through Burkinas streets one day，I was stopped by an old woman who thrust her hand in my face.“Cadeau (gift in French)! Cadeau！” she cried.Id had enough! I was extremely tired of the country：its po
51、verty，its thieves，the heat，the dust and.everything! I told her angrily and firmly in French，“I have no cadeauI have no money.A thief stole all my money two weeks ago and now I cant get out of your country.I cannot give you anything.NOTHING！” The beggar woman listened attentively.To my great surprise
52、，after hearing my words，she gave me a broad smile.注意：1所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1：She reached into the pockets of her dress. Paragraph 2：There was a slight touch on my hand; looking down，I saw my son looking at me，curious. 参考范文She r
53、eached into the pockets of her dress.“Then I will give you a cadeau，” she announced.Kindly，she placed an old，dark brown coin in my hand.In surprise，I looked at the coin，then at the woman.At that moment，I felt rather ashamed，ashamed of my terrible attitude towards the old woman.In spite of her povert
54、y，she was able to give me something priceless.I had taken it for granted that beggars would only receive something from others，yet the coin from the beggar woman in Burkina truly changed my view towards them，and her smile hit the deepest of my heart.There was a slight touch on my hand; looking down，
55、I saw my son looking at me，curious.“Mum，can I have this? Can I play with this coin？” he repeated.“You cant play with it，honey.” I touched my son on the head and said slowly，“This one is special.It is an unforgettable precious memory to me.Come and let me tell you a story.”强化练(二十七).应用文写作假如你是李华，你们班正在为
56、即将举行的英语戏剧节排练节目The Million Pound Bank Note(百万英镑)，请你给外教Mr Brown写一封电子邮件以寻求他的指导和帮助，要点如下：1排练时间、地点；2请他指导台词；3表示感谢。注意：1词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：排练rehearsal；台词lines参考范文Dear Mr Brown，Im writing to ask a favor of you.With the English Play Festival drawing near，our class are currently devoted to the rehears
57、al of The Million Pound Bank Note.Our next rehearsal is scheduled in Room 101 at 7 oclock this Sunday.As nonnative speakers，we are in desperate need of the guidance on lines from someone like you，who has impressed us with profound knowledge and deep insight into the English literature.We would appre
58、ciate it if you could be present and offer some suggestions.Looking forward to your favorable reply!Yours，Li Hua.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Scientists in London say they have found the best diet for both humans and the planet.If the world followed the socalled “planetary health” diet，the scientis
59、ts told Reuters that each year more than 11 million early deaths could be prevented.Scientists say that the way we produce and eat food is very bad for the planet.For the health of the planet，they claim the same diet would reduce greenhouse gases and save more land，water and animals.Tim Lang，a profe
60、ssor at Britains University of London，coled the research.He told Reuters，“The food we eat and how we produce it determines the health of people and the planet，and we are currently getting this seriously wrong.” Lang added that the worlds population is expected to grow to 10 billion people by 2050.If
61、 we want to feed everyone，he explained，we all need to change what we eat and the way we eat by “improving food production and reducing food waste”Well，what do you eat on the planetary health diet? The scientists who created this diet say it is largely plantbased but still has small amounts of dairy，
62、fish and meat.The diet calls for cutting red meat and sugar by 50 percent and doubling the amount of nuts，fruits，vegetables and legumes.Food situations around the world are not equal.In certain areas，this would mean great changes.People in North America，for example，eat 6.5 times the recommended amou
63、nt of red meat.On the other hand，people in South Asia eat only half the amount suggested by the new planetary health diet.Meeting the targets for vegetables would need big changes in other areas.In subSaharan Africa，people on average eat 7.5 times the suggested amount of vegetables like potatoes and
64、 cassava.The scientists admit their goal will be difficult to achieve.But for them doing nothing is also not an option.Willet said，“If we cant quite make it，its better to try and get as close as we can.”参考范文Scientists claim they have obtained the best diet benefiting both humans and the planet.Tim L
65、ang，the leader of the research，emphasized the significance of changing the food and the way we eat.In other words，it is more scientific for diet to be more based on plants than animals.However，the food condition is not globally balanced.Tough as the target is to realize，it is worth trying.强化练(二十八).应
66、用文写作假如你是李华。期中考试后，为了让大家好好放松一下，上周末你班组织了一次郊游活动。这次活动受到了全班同学的一致好评。请你就本次活动给校园英语报写一篇报道。内容包括：1欣赏风光；2享受野餐；3做小游戏。注意： 1词数80左右，题目已为你写好，不计入总词数；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。A Pleasant Outing 参考范文A Pleasant OutingLast weekend，in order to help us students get relaxed after the midterm examination，our class organized an outing a
67、nd everyone took an active part in it.On the way，we saw amazing scenes and took many photos.Once we reached the chosen site，we enjoyed a delicious picnic first and then played interesting games.Everybody had lots of fun.This outing not only brought us great pleasure but also relieved pressure in our
68、 study.And the relationship among us students also got strengthened.读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。A wealthy man and his son liked to collect rare works of art.They had everything in their collection，from Picasso to Raphael.They would often sit together and admire these great works of art.When th
69、e Vietnam conflict broke out，the son went to war.Unfortunately he died in a battle while rescuing another soldier.The father was in deep sorrow for his only son.About a month later，just before Christmas，there was a knock at the door.A young man stood at the door with a large package in his hands.He
70、said，“Sir，you dont know me，I am the soldier for whom your son gave his life.” “He saved many lives that day，and he was carrying me to safety when a bullet struck him in the heart and killed him instantly.” “He often talked about you，and your love of art.” The young man held out the package，“I know t
71、his isnt much.” “Im not a great artist，but I think your son would have wanted you to have this.” The father opened the package.It was a picture of his son，painted by the young man.He stared in surprise at the way the soldier captured the personality of his son in the painting.The father was so drawn
72、 to the eyes that his own eyes welled with tears.He thanked the young man and offered to pay for the painting.“Oh，no，sir，I could never repay what your son did for me.Its a gift.” The father hung the picture on the hall.Every time visitors came to his home he took them to see the portrait of his son
73、before he showed them any of the other great works he had collected.The man died a few months later.There was going to be a great auction(拍卖会) of his art collection.Many influential people gathered，excited over seeing the great paintings and having the opportunity to purchase one for their collectio
74、n.注意：1所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1：On the platform sat the painting of the son. Paragraph 2：Finally a voice came from the back of the room. 参考范文On the platform sat the painting of the son.The auctioneer banged his hammer.“We will star
75、t the bidding with the picture of the son.Who will bid for this painting？” There was silence.Then a voice in the back of the room angrily shouted，“We didnt come to see this picture.We want to see his great works of art.” But the auctioneer continued，“Will somebody bid for this painting? Who will tak
76、e the son？”Finally a voice came from the back of the room.“Ill give $10.00 for the painting.” It was the gardener of the father and his son.Being a poor man it was all he could afford.“We have $ 10，who will bid $20？” No response.“Going once，twice，SOLD for $10！” “Now the auction is over！” The auction
77、eer laid down his hammer and explained，“When I was called to conduct this auction，I was told that only the painting of the son would be auctioned.And whoever purchased the picture of the son would receive all the fathers possessions，including the paintings.” 强化练(二十九).应用文写作假定你是学生李华，你发现在上下学期间学校门口的道路异常
78、拥堵，请你代表学生会用英语给全校同学写一封倡议信，呼吁学生关注治堵。内容包括：1指出造成拥堵的原因：接送孩子的家长众多；个别车辆插队；2提出缓解交通压力的措施；3希望尽快行动。注意：1词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文Dear Fellow Students，Nowadays，a large number of parents drive their kids from and to school during rush hours，causing slow traffic around our school gate.Besides，there are queuejum
79、pers that block the road.Representing the Students Union，I advocate raising our awareness of reducing such offensive acts，and call your immediate action to ease road traffic.It is advisable to kindly remind parents of driving regulations when necessary.Meanwhile，walking，cycling or taking public tran
80、sit will be much appreciated.Thank you for your attention.Best Regards，Li Hua.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Electronic cigarettes，or ecigarettes，dont require fire and deliver nicotine in the form of vapor(烟雾) rather than tar(焦油) and ash.With the lab proof of reducedharm of ecigarettes，tobacco smokin
81、g among US teenagers has decreased in the past few years.Despite that，public health studies have found information about its side effects on adolescents smoking habits.The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently conducted a yearlong survey，which involved 2,530 public high school students who we
82、re either nonsmokers or ecigarette smokers.At the start of the school year,222 of the ninthgraders that took part in it had reported their use of ecigarettes before，while the rest were totally nonsmokers.Later，students were repeatedly asked about their use of traditional and electronic cigarettes by
83、 the midninthgrade and the start of tenth grade.The survey results showed that，after 12 months,25.2 percent of ecigarette users started tobacco smoking，compared to only 9.3 percent of the nonsmokers group.The report suggests that teenagers with electronic cigarette use are more likely than others to
84、 start smoking traditional cigarettes in later life.“Ecigarette use is becoming increasingly popular among teens who have never smoked tobacco.Adolescents who enjoy the experience of taking in nicotine via ecigarettes may tend to try other nicotine products like tobacco as well，” said Adam MLeventha
85、l，Ph.D.，the first author on the study.After all，the most contributing factor of ecigarette smoking is nicotine，long accepted as a highly addictive chemical.“Parents and teens should recognize that they do carry a risk of addiction”，said NIDA Director Nora DVolkow，M.D.“This study confirms that we sho
86、uld continue to carefully watch teen smoking patterns in face of increased popularity of ecigarettes.” Regular smoking of ecigarette vapors still causes nicotine harm.“This research also raises concerns that increases in youth ecigarette use may not help lower the risk of smokingrelated illness，” Dr
87、.Leventhal suggested.参考范文Research reveals that smoking habits can be affected by ecigarette smoking in teenagers.According to NIH，a larger percentage of ecigarette smokers (25.2%) in the survey switched to traditional cigarettes than nonsmokers (9.3%) after 12 months.The study confirms that adolesce
88、nts smoking ecigarettes have greater potential for tobacco smoking in the future.Considering increased popularity of ecigarettes，researchers call on public attention to addicted smoking and related health risks.强化练(三十).应用文写作假定你是李华，你和舍友计划本周六在达德小镇的一家绿色采摘园进行采摘活动，请给你的美国朋友David写一封信邀请他一同前往。内容包括：1时间、地点；2交通
89、方式；3活动内容。注意：1词数80左右；2开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；3可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear David， Yours truly，Li Hua参考范文Dear David，To get close to nature and take more outdoor exercise，my roommates and I intend to have a picking activity in a picking garden of Dade town this Saturday.Im writing to invite you to join us.We will mee
90、t at the school gate at 8 am.and go there by bus.The activity will last 3 hours，during which time we will pick vegetables and fruits at our pleasure.Remember to wear your hat and a pair of gloves to protect you from strong sunlight and injuries.If you are available on that day，please let me know in
91、advance.Yours truly，Li Hua.读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Nowadays，more and more young people are becoming too proud and overconfident.They think they can do everything.So they simply ignore their old parents，and believe that their parents experienced thoughts are out of date.Actually，I used to b
92、e one of them，but after hearing a story told by my father，I changed my mind completely.Now I would like to share it with you.Once upon a time，there lived a young man who looked down on the old very much for the simple reason that he always thought that the old were merely useless lives that were goi
93、ng to wither(凋谢) in their busy life.Worse still，he also did this to his own father.One day，it so happened that the father and the son met each other in the street.To the fathers surprise，the son suggested that they take a walk together.As they were walking，a beautiful garden with many trees and flow
94、ers in it came into their sight.The son pointed to one of the prettiest flowers in the garden and said with great pride，“We young people are much like these fragrant flowers，so healthy，and full of spirit.But what about you oldsters？You are just like the falling leaves from the dying tree near here.”
95、Hearing this，the father smiled but said nothing.They continued the walking in silence.When they passed a grocery，the father stopped and went in.He bought some walnuts(核桃) and showed one to his son，slowly saying，“We old people are like this walnut.It is evident that weve experienced many hard events
96、in life.As a consequence，weve built up such a firm shell(売)，and at the same time weve also built up a pure inner world.For this very reason every fruit is so fullgrown.”“But every fruit was born by a flower，” argued the son impatiently.“Yes，but not every flower can bear fruit，” declared the father.注
97、意：1所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1：What the father said touched the son greatly. Paragraph 2：From then on，the young man has turned over a new leaf. 参考范文What the father said touched the son greatly.It occurred to him that in fact he shoul
98、d try to be a flower that could bear fruit and he should also be aware that his parents werent useless lives or falling leaves but experienced walnuts，masterpieces of nature.In reality，they were the ones young people should appreciate forever.How he regretted what he had thought and done to the elde
99、rly，his father included as well！Being so proud of himself made him ashamed.From then on，the young man has turned over a new leaf.He stopped being proud and ignoring the old.On the contrary，he looked up to oldsters greatly，willing to accept their suggestions at any time.As a consequence，the old gradu
100、ally changed their opinions about him.In addition，he got along well with his father and was ready to share his happiness and sorrow with him whenever possible.So pleased was his father with it that he smiled every time and took great pride in his sons changes.强化练(三十一).应用文写作假定你是李华，你的同班同学王刚的家乡遭受了台风“彩虹
101、”(Typhoon Mujigae)的袭击，家园遭到了破坏，你作为班长代表班级给正在抗洪的他写一封慰问信，要点如下：1对他表示关心；2向其提供一些帮助，如募捐和补习功课等；3表达希望和对其重建家园的信心。注意：1词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头及结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Wang Gang，Were so sorry to hear that a severe Typhoon Mujigae hit your hometown，destroying your home. Yours sincerely，Li Hua参考范文Dear Wang Gang，Were
102、so sorry to hear that a severe Typhoon Mujigae hit your hometown，destroying your home.On behalf of our class，Im writing to express our most sincere pity and care for you.Thinking about your present situation，we cannot wait to make every bit of our effort to help you.Therefore，we make a donation of s
103、ome money，expecting that it can help you go through the difficulty.Besides，we will help you make up for the lessons you missed during your absence.We are convinced that with the help of so many kind people，a better house can be rebuilt.Looking forward to your coming back soon.Yours sincerely，Li Hua.
104、概要写作阅读下列短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Who is in control of your life? Who is pulling your strings? For the majority of us，its other peoplesociety，colleagues，friends，or our family.We learned this way of operating when we were very young，of course.We were brainwashed.We discovered that feeling important and f
105、eeling accepted was a nice experience and so we learned to do everything we could to make other people like us.As Oscar Wilde puts it，“Most people are other people.Their thoughts are someone elses opinions，their lives a mimicry (模仿)，their passions a quotation.”When people tell us how wonderful we ar
106、e，it makes us feel good.We long for this good feeling like a drugwe are addicted to it and seek it out wherever we can.Therefore，we are so eager for the approval of others that we live unhappy and limited lives，failing to do the things we really want to.Just as drug addicts and alcoholics live worse
107、ned lives to keep getting their drug，we worsen our own existence to get our own constant drug of approval.But，just as with any drug，there is a price to pay.The price of the approval drug is freedomthe freedom to be ourselves.The truth is that we cannot control what other people think.Everyone has a
108、different way of thinking，and people change their opinions all the time.Moreover，people have their own business，and in the end，theyre more interested in themselves than in you.The person who tries to please everyone will only end up getting exhausted and probably pleasing no one in the process.So ho
109、w can we take back control? I think theres only one waymake a conscious decision to stop caring what other people think.We should guide ourselves by means of a set of valuesnot values imposed(强加) from the outside by others，but values which come from within.If we are driven by these values and not by
110、 the changing opinions and value systems of others，we will live a more authentic，effective，purposeful and happy life.参考范文It is common that our life is controlled by other people around us.Thats because we attach great importance to being approved of by them.Sadly，their recognition costs us our freed
111、om to be who we are，whereas their changeable and uninterested thoughts are uncontrollable.However，we can still be our own masters by ignoring opinions of others and sticking to our inner values，thus making our life cheerful and meaningful.强化练(三十二).应用文写作假定你是李华，你们班级的节目“哈姆雷特(Hamlet)”将参加下个月学校的“英语文化节”话剧(
112、drama)比赛，请你给度假中的外教Mr Hurst写一封电子邮件，并附上节目录像，请他给予你相关的指导。注意：1词数80左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。Dear Mr Hurst， Yours sincerely，Li Hua参考范文Dear Mr Hurst，I am sorry to disturb you while you are enjoying your vacation.I am writing on behalf of my classmates for your advice.Recently we have been bu
113、sy preparing Hamlet for the Drama Competition to be held next month，which is an important event in our schools English Cultural Festival.With the attached video of our rehearsal，I sincerely hope you could offer your guidance on our performance.I would appreciate it if you could share your valued opi
114、nion on our costumes，acting skills and onstage light and sound effects.Any suggestions are highly appreciated.I do hope youll enjoy your holiday!Yours sincerely，Li Hua.读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Once，when I was a teenager my father and I were standing in line to buy tickets for the circus.Fin
115、ally there was only one family between us and the ticket counter.This family made a big impression on me.There were eight children，all probably under the age of twelve.You could tell they didnt have a lot of money.Their clothes were not expensive，but they were clean.The children were wellbehaved，all
116、 of them standing in line，twobytwo behind their parents，holding hands.They were excitedly talking about the clowns，elephants and other acts they would see that night with their brothers or sisters in a low voice.One could sense they had never been to the circus before.It promised to be a highlight o
117、f their young lives.The father and mother were at the head of the pack，standing proud as they could be.The mother was holding her husbands hand，looking up at him as if to say，“You are my knight in shining armor.” He was smiling and responding in pride，looking back at her as if to say “You got that r
118、ight.”The ticket lady asked the father how many tickets he wanted.He proudly responded，“Please let me buy eight childrens tickets and two adult tickets so I can take my family to the circus.”The ticket lady gave the price.The mans wife let go of his hand，lowered her head and her lips began to shake.
119、The father leaned a little closer and asked，“How much did you say？” The ticket lady again told him the price.The man obviously didnt have enough money.How was he supposed to turn and tell his eight children that he didnt have enough money to take them to the circus? Actually we were not wealthy in a
120、ny sense，so I understood how the kids would feel.I felt sorry for them.注意：1所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1：Seeing what was going on，my dad seemed to have an idea. Paragraph 2：That day my father and I went back to our car 参考范文Seeing what
121、was going on，my dad seemed to have an idea.He put his hand into his pocket，pulled out a $20 bill and dropped it on the ground.(We were not wealthy in any sense of the world！) Then my father reached down，picked up the bill and tapped the man on the shoulder and said，“ Excuse me，sir，this fell out of y
122、our pocket.” The man turned around and saw the money.He knew what was going on.He looked straight into my dads eyes，took my dads hands in both of his and squeezed tightly onto the $20 bill，with his lips shaking and a tear streaming down his cheek，he replied，“Thank you，thank you，sir.This really means
123、 a lot to me and my family.”That day my father and I went back to our car and drove home without any tickets.The $ 20 that my dad gave away was what we were going to buy our own tickets with.Although we didnt get to see the circus that night，we both felt a joy inside us that was far greater than see
124、ing the circus could ever provide.Its more blessed to give than to receive.Nothing can be truer than that.强化练(三十三).应用文写作假定你是学生会主席李华，下周你所在的学校要接待来自英国的交换生。请你代表学校写一篇欢迎辞，要点如下：1表示欢迎；2介绍活动安排； 3表达愿望。 注意：1词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考范文Ladies and gentlemen，To begin with，please allow me to express my warm welco
125、me on behalf of our school.Aiming to enhance our mutual understanding and experience different cultures，various activities will be arranged.As planned，we will hold a talent show where everyone can show their outstanding performances.Classes on traditional Chinese culture are also scheduled，such as p
126、apercutting，Chinese opera，calligraphy，etc，followed by a gifts exchanging activity.Additionally，youre invited to pay a visit to surrounding scenic spots.Finally，I sincerely hope that you can enjoy yourselves and wish you a pleasant journey!.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Paperless office was first coi
127、ned in 1975.Four decades later，were still chasing the paperless office dream.Take the financial industry for example it is one of the slower industries to hug digital transformation.Many financial institutions today still send out trade confirmations by mail.I can tell you from firsthand experience
128、that going paperless is by no means impossible.The Centric Digital office is a paperless work environment where all the office operations go digital，which has amazed our business partners.Actually companies need to stress the benefits of a digital culture for communications.Going paperless can save
129、time and money.You could say goodbye to costly repairs，office supply orders，wasted employee time and so on.Besides，forbidding paper in the office forces information to be 100% digital，where you can make endless amounts of backups(备份)，which easily increase transparency(透明度)Not to mention，top talents
130、want to work for digital companies.You might think the secret to a paperless company is purely technology.Well，not really.Thanks to products like iPads，smartphones and cloud services，the ability to go paperless is highly accessible.Yet，even with all this technology，companies continue to rely on pape
131、r.Its not because they dont have access to the technology，but because theyre lacking the politics，organizational structure and strong desire to change.In order to go paperless，companies need to change the way they think and operate.The decision needs to be made and cried out and everyone needs to wo
132、rk together to make it.Yes，the paperless office has been a very long time in the makingbut it no longer has to be.With numerous amounts of software，services，apps and technology available today，the only thing we need to do is to make the decision to go paperless and see it through.参考范文Were still in p
133、ursuit of the paperless office dream forty years after its first invention.To reach the goal，corporations should highlight the advantages of going paperless in economy，efficiency and attracting talented staff.They should also be determined to shift their politics and operation.Therefore，it wont be l
134、ong before we attain the goal if we make up our minds.强化练(三十四).应用文写作假如你是李华，是红旗中学的一名国际班学生。你已通过电子邮件成功发送了外教布置的实验汇报作业，经过再次检查，你发现在已提交的实验报告中，误将一个数据输错。请给外教Mr Richard写一封邮件说明情况。 内容包括：1你的身份；2写信的目的及事情的经过；3补救措施：新实验报告的补交。注意：1词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Mr Richard， Yours sincerely，Li Hua参考范文Dear
135、 Mr Richard，I am your student in an international class in Hongqi Middle School.Im writing to express my sincere apology for my careless mistake in my assignment.As required，I successfully performed the experiment and promptly finished my report.I emailed it to you without a thorough check thinking
136、that you must be satisfied with my efficiency.However，I was surprised to find a data error while reading it later.How careless and hasty I am! Now I have corrected the data，and the new report is attached as an appendix of this email.Hope for your forgiveness.Yours sincerely，Li Hua.读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进
137、行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。On Christmas Eve，seventythreeyearold George selected his food carefully.Skim milk was $2.99，white bread,89 cents with a 10cent discount.Leaving the cashier，he calculated that he had saved 80 cents today.At the exit，the wind reminded him of his gloves.“Where are they？” Not in the coat
138、 pockets.Not in the grocery bag either.He was sure he was wearing them when he entered the store.He clearly remembered putting them into the pocket of this coat.George made a second thorough search of all his pockets again，including the grocery bag.Now he was sure they must have been dropped somewhe
139、re inside the store.Old George had bought the black leather gloves at a 25% discount，for just $35.00 ten years ago.They were soft and warm and very durable.He had taken care not to let a drop of water or rain touch his expensive gloves，so they looked like new.Losing this favorite possession was almo
140、st like losing a child to him.George，calm on the outside but nervous inside，reentered the store.He followed the same route he had walked before，starting at the bread counter，to the milk section，the corner where salt and sugar were placed，then the rest of the store.Several minutes of anxious searchin
141、g turned out to be in vain.He asked the customers whether they saw a pair of black leather gloves，but they said no.Then he went over to the cashier without hesitation to ask if she had received any lost gloves，but only received the same answer.His heart grew heavier.“Society has changed，and people h
142、ave changed，” he murmured to himself.“Years ago，if somebody picked up something lost，they would give it back.Now a good action is lost.”Yet he did not give up hope.He started to stare at anybody wearing black gloves to see if they looked like his.The first two persons he saw did wear gloves，but one
143、was womens and the other not black.注意：1所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1：Suddenly，he found a man looking like a lawyer， Paragraph 2：During the whole holiday，he was always thinking whether to buy a new pair. 参考范文Suddenly，he found a man look
144、ing like a lawyer，wearing black leather gloves.Abrupt as it might seem，George came up without hesitation and asked if they were his，but there came a disappointing answer.On second thought，he realized nobody would be so foolish as to wear them right inside the store.He had no other alternative but to
145、 ask the cashier to keep them in case the lost gloves were found.Then he dragged his legs towards the exit.During the whole holiday，he was always thinking whether to buy a new pair.After all，in deep winter，he could not do many things without gloves.Finally poor George decided to buy another pair of
146、leather gloves.With the last ray of hope，he stepped into the store again.No sooner had he opened the door than the cashier told him there was indeed one such pair as he lost.After examining them carefully，he was wild with joy，expressing sincere gratitude and saying to himself that a good action was
147、never lost.强化练(三十五).应用文写作假如你是李华，最近刚到美国一所大学求学，在学习生活上遇到了一些困难，想向导师Mr Brown求助。请你写一封邮件，内容包括：1问题描述；2请求帮助；3预约时间。注意：1词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文Dear Mr Brown，Im Li Hua.Recently I ran into some difficulties，so Im writing to ask you for help.As a newcomer，I find it difficult to keep up with the study pace he
148、re.Besides，how to get along well with my roommates bothers me a lot，as we come from different cultural backgrounds and tend to see things differently.These really have been a headache for me.I wonder if its convenient for you to have a facetoface talk with me to deal with it.Id appreciate a lot for
149、your help.Yours，Li Hua.概要写作(2019宁波模拟)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Nowadays，it is most probable that you have an electronic device loaded with hundreds or even thousands of your favourite songs.At any moment in time，you can fill your headphones with the sounds of a particular song that suits your mood a
150、t that exact time.Music is so common.But have you realized the power of it? Are you getting ready for a big soccer match or do you need to get excited? Maybe some hip hop with a strong beat will do the trick! Besides，you might be ready to study for a big exam the next day.To help you study better，a
151、little bit of Mozart might make you remember things better.We may all have been moved by particular songs that spoke to us in some situations.But is there any scientific evidence showing that music really has such effect on people? Of course，there is! Scientists have long recognized the power of mus
152、ic.Over the years，many studies have been done to examine in greater depth the nature and extent of the effects music has on people.For example，scientists at the University of Missouri have found that listening to music can have positive effects on your mood.Their research gives scientific credibilit
153、y(可靠性) to the behavior that many people have already experienced on their own: listening to upbeat music can brighten your day and boost your mood.Other studies have shown that upbeat music isnt the only type of music that can be helpful，however.When people are sad or have suffered a personal loss，s
154、ad music can be helpful because the tone and lyrics of the music can resonate(引起共鸣) with the listeners.Likewise，people under a lot of stress or experiencing upsetting situations can benefit from listening to angry music.Although angry music might not help you if youre in a normal mood，its tone can b
155、enefit you when you are dealing with stressful and upsetting situations.参考范文Nowadays，with modern devices，music to your taste is easily accessible.Yet，its power，which might benefit you，is not fully realized.Scientists have researched into the nature and extent of musics effects on humans.For instance，scientists at the University of Missouri have proven upbeat music can cheer you up.Besides，sad music and angry music have also been found to be helpful.
