1、Unit1 课下题型练(一) Starting out & Understanding ideas.阅读理解AYou probably laugh at something you find funny, but how much do you really know about jokes and humour？Readers Digest (RD) questioned several experts to give us some facts about them.RD：Whats the oldest joke in the world?“We cant know the oldest
2、 joke in the world because it would have existed earlier than writing，”says Christie Davies, professor of sociology at the University of Reading in the UK.The oldest joke book thats been found so far is the Greek Philogelos.It dates from the 19th century AD, although the jokes date from an earlier t
3、ime.According to the psychologist Steve Wilson, director of National Humour Month (April in the US), it contains 265 jokes.RD：Do some people fail to develop a sense of humour?Rod Martin, professor of psychology at the Western University in Canada, believes that while everyone is born without a sense
4、 of humour, as we develop, humour and laughter begin to appear.“Of course, some children are more serious, quiet and less likely to laugh frequently, but this doesnt mean they dont have a sense of humour.”And according to Steve Wilson, there are no adults who dont have a sense of humour.“Almost ever
5、yone is able to develop a sense of humour, and I teach people how，” he says.RD：Do people share a sense of humour unique to their own nation?Sense of humour does differ a lot by country, according to an author named Scott Weems.British humour is thought to be absurd (荒谬的) in nature, while American hu
6、mour has an aggressive quality.According to a study, Germans are found to find everything funny.语篇解读：本文是一则问卷调查。Readers Digest (RD)采访了一些专家，询问关于幽默的一些问题，并记录了专家们的观点。1What do we know about the oldest joke book?AIt remains unknown.BIt was written in Greek.CIt was found in the UK.DIt contains the oldest jo
7、ke.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段中的The oldest joke book thats been found so far is the Greek Philogelos.可知，世界上第一本笑话类书籍是希腊的Philogelos，因此推断这本书是用希腊语写的。2What does Rod Martin agree with about peoples sense of humour?ANobody is born with a sense of humour.BSome adults lose it when they grow up.CChildhood is the best ti
8、me to develop such an ability.DChildren have a poorer sense of humour than adults.解析：选A细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的Rod Martin, professor of psychology at the Western University in Canada, believes that while everyone is born without a sense of humour可知，Rod Martin认为人们出生的时候是没有幽默感的，幽默感是随着成长而逐渐形成的。3What kind of humo
9、ur has an aggressive feature?ABritish humour.BGerman humour.CCanadian humour. DAmerican humour.解析：选D细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，美国式幽默很有攻击性。4Where can you probably find the text?AIn a popular magazine. BIn a research paper.CIn a personal diary. DIn a textbook.解析：选A文章出处题。根据第一段内容可知，本文是一则问卷调查。Readers Digest采访了一
10、些专家、询问关于幽默的一些问题，并作了记录，所以本文可能来自一本广受欢迎的杂志。BWe all know that friends are special people whom we share our lives with, and who share their lives with us in return.But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy.According to a research recently published in the Journal of Social and P
11、ersonal Relationships, the key is to use “wetalk”Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robbins and her colleagues, the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5,000 participants.This largestever analysis of “wetalk” suggested that the frequent use of “we”an
12、d “us” is linked to happier and healthier relationships.The word “we” moves people from an individual position into a partnership, which makes us more interdependent.“The pronouns offer an insight into whether people see themselves as individuals or as part of a whole . Word use is a window into wha
13、t people are thinking and feeling without asking them，” Robbins told Science Daily.Their research also found that “wetalk”is helpful in resolving conflicts.“The primary point is that interdependence may bring about supportive and relationshipcentered behaviors and positive perceptions (看法) of the pa
14、rtner especially important in times of stress and conflict，” said study author Alexander Karan.USbased magazine Psychology Today used the word “union” to describe the impact on a partner upon hearing “wetalk”Contrary to “wetalk”， there is “Italk”， which refers to the frequent use of firstperson sing
15、ular pronouns, such as “I”， “me”， and “mine”， when writing or speaking.Earlier this year, researchers from the University of Arizona, US, analyzed a set of data that came from 4,700 people in Germany and the US.They found that too much “Italk” is an accurate linguistic marker for the likelihood that
16、 someone is feeling stressed or experiencing negative emotions.“If you are speaking in a personal context so youre speaking about something thats of relevance to you，” lead researcher Allison Tackman told The Independent.“But if youre communicating in a context thats more impersonal, such as describ
17、ing a picture, we did not see the relationship emerge.”As you can see from the two studies, too much “Italk” can make you feel depressed.But “wetalk” can encourage you to become more positive and create a ripple effect (连锁反应) of healthy interdependence with others.So next time youre talking to a fri
18、end, try using more “wetalk”You may find yourself feeling more positive and the effect it will have on your friend will be positive as well.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，频繁使用“wetalk”说话方式可以让人际关系更快乐、更健康。5According to Megan Robbins and her colleagues research, we can infer the following EXCEPT .Atoo much “Italk”
19、certainly indicates pressure or depressionBmore than 5,000 people were involved in their researchCthe more we use “we” and “us”， the happier we may feelD“wetalk” may help us build better teamwork in our work解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段中的the researchers reviewed .over 5,000 participants可知，应排除B项；根据第三段中的the freque
20、nt use of .happier and healthier relationships可知，应排除C项；根据第四段中的The word .makes us more interdependent.可知，应排除D项。再结合倒数第四段内容可知，A项不属于Megan Robbins和她的同事们的研究结果。6What can be the benefit of “wetalk”？AWe may avoid arguments and conflicts with it.BIt may help promote friendship in our life.CIt can help produce
21、 a feeling of individualism.DWe can become more independent of others.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第四、五段内容可知，“我们”这个词使人们从个人的立场转变为合作关系，这使我们更加相互依赖，而相互依赖可以带来积极的、以关系为中心的行为以及对合作者的积极看法。7What does the underlined part in Paragraph 8 mean?AA person tends to use “Italk” too much if he is experienced.B“Italk” is an exact lingu
22、istic marker for peoples feelings.CIf a person uses “Italk” a lot, he is probably in a bad mood.DIt is possible that someone likes “Italk” when he is in an impersonal context.解析：选C句意猜测题。根据画线句的句意“他们发现，太多的Italk是一个准确的语言标志，表明一个人可能正感到紧张或正经历负面情绪”可知，如果一个人使用太多“Italk”，说明这个人可能心情不好。8What is the main idea of th
23、e passage?AUsing “wetalk” contributes to building good social relationships.BThe importance of choosing the word in our daily conversation.CUsing too much “Italk” may lead you to become upset.DIntroduction to “wetalk” in our daily communication.解析：选A主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现：频繁使用“wetalk”说话方式可以让人际
24、关系更快乐、更健康，即使用“wetalk”有助于建立良好的社会关系。CAs the days get shorter and the cold weather rolls in, we all want to curl up in a blanket and sleep until spring rolls around.But making time to get outside in the sun, even when its cold outside, could have bigger mood benefits than you might realize.New research
25、 finds that sunlight exposure is by far the greatest weatherrelated factor determining mental health.In other words, more sunshine, more happiness.For the study, a psychologist, a physicist and a statistician from BYU teamed up to compare daily environmental data from the universitys Physics and Ast
26、ronomy Weather Station with emotional health data archived by day for 16,452 adult patients who were being treated at the universitys Counseling and Psychological Services.Other weather variables (可变因素) including temperature, pollution and rain were not found to have an impact on mental health.“We w
27、ere surprised that many of the weather and pollution variables we included in the study were not significantly related to patients scores once we had accounted for sun time，”said Dr. Mark Beecher, a professor of psychology at the university and the studys lead author.Exposure to sunlight is a signif
28、icant factor in seasonal affective disorder.Research has shown that the brain produces more of the feelgood neurotransmitter serotonin on sunny days than it does on darker days.Whats more, lack of sunlight is linked with lower vitamin D levels, which in turn has been correlated with depression and l
29、ow energy.In addition to seeking professional help if you need it, taking a walk in the sun can help.Walking in nature is known to reduce stress, improve cognitive function, lighten the mood and even put the brain into a peaceful state.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究，研究表明，晒太阳对于调节人的情绪、促进人的心理健康有很大的益处。9Accor
30、ding to the new research, what can make people happier?ALess pollution.BFewer rainy days.CMore cold weather.DMore exposure to sunlight.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，最新研究发现，阳光照射是迄今为止影响心理健康的最大的天气因素。换句话说，更多的阳光，更多的幸福。所以根据最新研究，更多地暴露在阳光下能让人们更快乐。10The underlined word “archived” in the second paragraph means “ ”Ac
31、omposed BdiscussedCrecorded Dadjusted解析：选C词义猜测题。根据第二段内容可知，在这项研究中，来自BYU的一名心理学家、一名物理学家和一名统计师合作，将该大学物理和天文气象站的日常环境数据与该大学咨询和心理服务部每天存档的16 452名成年患者的情绪健康数据进行比较。所以通过上下文语境可以判断出，“archived”一词是指“记录”的意思。11What did the researchers think of the findings of the research?AThey were as expected.BThey were surprising.C
32、They needed professional proof.DThey were not inclusive enough.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段中Dr. Mark Beecher所说的话可知，研究人员很惊讶，他们纳入研究的许多天气和污染变量，在考虑了日照时间后，与患者的得分没有显著关联。所以研究人员认为研究结果令人惊讶。12What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo inform readers of a new study.BTo tell people a piece of good news.CTo introdu
33、ce a new way to gain happiness.DTo explain the benefits of walking in nature.解析：选A写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章第一段介绍了一项新的研究发现：阳光照射是迄今为止影响心理健康的最大天气因素。更多的阳光，更多的幸福。下文则是对该研究的具体介绍。所以作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉读者一项新的研究。.阅读七选五There is an English saying：“ 1 ” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously.Now, however, doctors h
34、ave begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. 2 Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body.People watched funny films while doctors checked their hearts, blood pressure, breathing and muscles.It was found that laughter has similar effects compared
35、 with physical exercise. 3 If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body.In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs.The group that tole
36、rated (忍耐) the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program. 4 5 They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.ALaughter can prolong ones life.BA
37、s a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics in which they help to improve their patients condition by encouraging them to laugh.CThe reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminis
38、hes both stress and pain.DIt increases blood pressure, the heart beating and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach and even the feet.EAlthough laughter helps cure the disease, doctors still cannot put this theory into clinic practice.FLaughter is the best medici
39、ne.GThey have found that laughter can really improve peoples health.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们大笑的好处，而且笑声还能缓解疼痛。1选F根据前文可知，作者此处要引用谚语，因此要找一个概括总结的句子，结合全文内容可知，F项最符合题意。2选G根据上文doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body可知，下句很可能说医生的发现，因此 G项符合语境，G项中的they指代doctors。3选D前文讲到大笑和身体锻炼有相似的功效，此处应该是具体描述都有哪些功效，故D项符合题意。4选C本段谈到laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body以及对此进行的实验，空处应是对这个实验的总结，故C项符合题意。5选B根据后文内容可知，空处应与doctors和patients有关，且应表达出医生利用让病人大笑来为病人治疗的意思，故B项符合题意。
