1、选修八 Unit2 CloningPeriod2 Language points词汇详解:1.differv.不同;相异;使.相异常用结构:AdiffersfromBin.A与B在.方面不同AdifferswithBabout/on/over.A与B就.意见相左Theirhousediffersfrommineinhavingnogarage.他们的房子与我的不同,区别在于他们的没有车库。Thetwosidesstilldifferwitheachotheroverthequestionofpay.双方在报酬的问题上仍各持己见。联想拓展differencen.不同之处differentadj.
2、不同的makeadifferenceto对.产生变化;对什么有影响differentfrom与.不同,不同于练习:用适当的介词填空(原创)1.Thetwosquaresdiffercolourbutnotsize.2.Thehusbanddiffersthewifewhoistotakechargeofthemoney.3.Itdoesntmakeadifferencemewhetheryouaregoingtostay.4.ThisisadifferentcartheoneIdroveyesterday.答案: 1.in;in2.with;on/about/over3.to4.from2.u
3、ndertakevt.(undertook;undertaken)着手;从事;承担;保证,答应常用结构:undertakesth.着手/从事/承担某事undertaketodosth.保证/答应做某事undertakethat.保证.Thescientistundertakestheexperiment.这位科学家从事这项实验。Icanundertaketheresponsibilityforthechanges.我愿意承担这些变革的责任。Thelawyerundertookanewcase.那个律师接了一个新的案子。HeundertooktofinishthejobbyFriday.他答应星
4、期五之前完成这项工作。练习:翻译句子(原创)他下个月要去西部旅行。我不能保证按时做完它。Key:Hewillundertakeajourneytothewestnextmonth.IcantundertakethatIllfinishitontime.3.objectionn.不赞成;反对;异议常用结构:haveanobjectionto.反对.raise/voiceanobjection提出异议联想拓展objectv.反对,不赞成n.物体;目标objecttosb./sth.不赞成某人/某事objecttodoingsth.反对做某事objectthat.反对.objecttodoingst
5、h.反对做某事。Nooneobjectedtotheplan.没有人反对这项计划。Weobjecttobeingtreatedlikethis.我们反对受到这样的待遇。Whydosomepeopleobjecttohumancloning?为什么一些人反对克隆人类呢?MotherobjectedthatJimmywastooweaktotakeupthejob.母亲反对说,吉米身体太虚弱,不能承担那份工作。Thebuildingisthemainobjectofhisinterest.他最感兴趣的是这栋建筑物。练习:单项填空Wetopunishingawholegroupforoneperso
6、nsfault.A.ComplainB.objectC.opposeD.resist答案解析:选B。句意为:我们反对因为一个人的错误而惩罚整体。4.obtainvt.获得;赢得易混辨析:obtain/acquire/gain/earn/achieveobtain意为“获得,买到”。指通过努力或请求而得到,含有满足要求或得达到目的的意味,用于正式语体中。acquire意为“经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等,也可用于表示对财物等的获得”,强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。gain意为“通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处;亦可指军事上的武力夺取等”。earn意为“挣得,赢得”,指因工作等而得到报酬或
7、待遇。achieve意为“得到;获得”,多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。Hefailedtoobtainascholarship.他没有获得奖学金。Ifinallymanagedtoobtainacopyofthereport.我终于设法弄到了这个报告的副本。Weshouldtrytoacquiregoodhabits.我们应该努力养成好习惯。Hefounditeasytoearnextramoney.他发现赚点额外收入很容易。Butwecanonlyachieveittogether.然而,只有共同奋斗才能实现它。练习:翻译句子(原创)Thejournalistimmediatelysetout
8、toobtaintheseimportantfacts.Knowledgecanbeobtainedthroughstudy.答案:那位新闻记者立即着手获取这些重要的事实。知识可通过学习获得。5.forbidvt.(forbade/forbad;forbidden)禁止;不准;阻止;妨碍常用结构:forbidsth./doingsth.禁止,不许(做某事)forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事Thelawforbidstheuseofchemicalfertilizers.法律禁止使用化学肥料。Iforbidyoutotellanyone.我不准你告诉任何人。练习:翻译句子(原创)1
9、.机上禁止吸烟。2.他爸爸不准他和她交谈。3.要禁止小孩不玩电脑游戏很难。答案:Smokingisforbiddenontheplane.Hisfatherforbadehimtotalktoher.Itishardtoforbidchildrentoplaycomputergames.6.owevt.欠(账、钱、人情等);应该把.归功于.;感激,感恩常用结构:owesb.sth.=owesth.tosb.欠(某人)债owesth.tosb./sth.将某事物归因或归功于某人/事Heoweshisfather50.=Heowes50tohisfather.他欠他父亲50英镑。Weowethis
10、discoverytoNewton.我们把这一发现归功于牛顿。练习:用适当的介词填空(原创)HowmuchdoIoweyouthegroceries?Heoweshissuccessmoreluckthanability.Iowealotmywifeandchildren.答案:forto;toto7.resistvt.抵抗;对抗常用结构:resiststh.抵制;阻挡某事resistdoingsth.反对做某事cantresistdoingsth.忍不住做某事Thenationwasunabletoresisttheinvasion.该国无力抵抗侵略。Ahealthybodyresistsd
11、isease.健康的身体能抵御疾病。Icouldhardlyresistlaughing.我忍不住笑了。联想扩展:resistancen.抵抗,反抗;抵抗力resistantadj.抵抗的;有抵抗力的beresistanttosb./sth.对某人/某事有抵抗力resistern.抵制者;抗拒者;电阻器高手过招练习:翻译句子(原创)1.Heresistedbeingcarriedoff.2.Shecannotresistthetemptationofchocolate答案:1.他阻挡别人把他带走。2.她无法抗拒巧克力的诱惑。8.payoff得到好结果,取得成功(常用主动语态);偿清债款;付清工
12、资解雇;(对.进行)报复;收买(某人)Atlast,hishardworkpaidoff.最后,他的努力得到了回报。Didyourplanpayoff?你的计划成功了吗?联想拓展payfor付.的钱;为.而付出代价paybacksth./paysb.backsth.偿还某物/偿还某人某物paysb.forsth.因某事而付给某人.paysb.todosth.付给某人.去做某事paysb.backforsth.向.报复高手过招练习:(1)单项填空Ifyougoforalongrideinafriendscar,itsthecustomtooffertosomeoftheexpenses.A.pa
13、yB.payoffC.payforD.payback(2) 用pay的相关短语填空(原创) Aftertenyearsofhardworkingshefinallyherdebt.Oureffortsaresureto.Haveyouthemilkmanthisweek?Haveyouthemoneythebankyet?Iwillyounextweek.答案及解析:(1)解析:选C。根据句意可知,这里表示为.偿付一部分费用,故选C。payfor为.而付钱;为.付出代价。(2)paidoffpayoffpaidpaid;topay;back9.infavourof赞成;支持;有利于;主张Iam
14、infavourofstoppingworknow.我赞成现在停止工作。insb.sfavour对某人有利dosb.afavour/doafavourforsb.帮某人忙dosb.thefavourtodosth./dosb.afavourbydoingsth.帮助某人做某事favourvt.赞同;支持Thechildfavourshisfatherwithhisbrowneyes.这个孩子棕色的眼睛像他的父亲。表示支持,赞同某人/某事,除了用infavourof之外;还可以用:beforsb./sth.standononesside等。beagainstsb./sth.表示不支持,不赞同某人
15、/某事练习:(1)单项填空IdontliketoaskpeopleforhelpasarulebutIwonderifyoucouldmeafavour.A.makeB.doC.findD.get(2)用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空(原创)incaseof/inconsequenceof/infavourof/inpossessionof1.Allhisfamilyare hisdecisiontoworkinwesternareaaftergraduation.2.Whilereading,comingacrossnewwords,youdbetterguesstheirmeaningsra
16、therthanrefertothedictionary.3.Marytoldmethatshewas somelovelyjewels.4.Theyhadtomovetoanothercity thetyphoon.答案:(1)解析:选B。句意为:通常我不喜欢向别人寻求帮助,但我希望你能帮我的忙。dosb.afavour帮某人忙。(2)1.infavourof2.incaseof3. inpossessionof 4. inconsequenceof10.(be)boundtodo.一定或注定(做).Theweatherisboundtogetbettertomorrow.明天天气一定会变好
17、的。Youvedonesomuchworkthatyoureboundtopasstheexam.你下了这么大功夫,一定能通过考试。联想拓展boundv.跳跃;限制;形成.的界限n.跳跃;界限;范围adj.必然的,一定的beboundtosth.受.限制;被.所束缚beboundfor准备到.去;开往;去.地方beboundupwith与.有密切关系练习:用括号内所给词语的适当形式填空(原创)1.Theseproblemswerealmostbound(arise).2.Whenyouaredealingwithsomanypatients,mistakes(bound)happen.答案:t
18、oariseareboundto11.beingood/poorcondition状况很好(坏);情况很好(坏)联想拓展outofcondition状况欠佳working/living/studyingconditions工作/生活/学习环境oncondition(that).在.条件下;倘若.onnocondition一点也不;决不inexcellentcondition处于极佳的状况Theshipisnotinacondition/isinnoconditiontomakealongvoyage.此船的现状不适宜远航。Thecarisstillinexcellentcondition.这辆
19、汽车状况极佳。练习:用适当的介词填空(原创)1.Thecarhasbeenwellmaintainedandisexcellentcondition.2.He is excellentconditionamanofhisage.3.Ihadnoexerciseforages;Imreallyofcondition.4.Youcangooutconditionthatyouwearanovercoat.答案:inin;forouton12.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。当时间副词now,then位于句首,谓语是come,appear等表示出现一类的动词时,主句用全倒装语序。Nowcomesyourturn.现在轮到你了。练习:单项填空Inthedarkforests,somelargeenoughtoholdseveralEnglishtowns. A.standmanylakesB.liemanylakesC.manylakeslieD.manylakesstand答案及解析:选B。考查词语辨析及倒装语序。当地点状语位于句首时,主句用全部倒装,表示某物存在于某处,应用动词lie。