1、必修1Module 6 The Internet and Telecommunications课程解读话题The Internet and Telecommunications(因特网与电信)连线高考2010陕西,阅读理解D2010安徽,阅读理解A功能Talking about percentage and numbers(谈论百分数及数量)语法1.Compound words(合成词)2.Definite and zero articles(定冠词与零冠词)课程解读重点词汇及拓展1.average adj.平均的2.contain vt.包含,包括container n.容器3.access
2、 n.接近,通路accessible adj.易接近的4.create vt.创造,发明creationn.创造力creative adj.有创造性的5.concentrate vi.集中(注意力、思想等)concentration n.注意力6.definite adj.明确的definitionn.释义define v.阐明,解释7.frequently adv.时常;经常frequentadj.经常的,频繁的frequency n.频繁8.defence n.防护defend vt.防卫9.percentage n.百分数percent n.百分之10.design v.设计design
3、er n.设计者11.invention n.发明,创造invent vt.发明12.independent adj.独立的independence n.独立13.disadvantage n.劣势,缺点advantage(反义词)优势,长处14.shorten vt.缩短short adj.短的,缺乏的课程解读重点短语1.consist of由组成2.go down 降低;下降e up with提出4.concentrate on聚精会神,集中思想5.as well也6.log on/off注册/注销7.hesitate to do sth.不愿做某事8.a series of一系列,一套9
4、.become known as作为而出名10.from that moment on 从那时起pared with/to 与相比较重点句型BernersLee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet,not just universities and the army.贝尔纳斯李使每个人都能使用因特网变成可能,而不仅仅是大学和军队使用。知识要点要点一单词1.contain vt.包含,包括;含有;抑制,遏制(不用于进行时态)同类辨析contain与include(1)contain通常用来指某种容器中盛有某物,装有某物,还指某种物质
5、中含有某种成分或含有其他物质。指作为组成部分而被“包含”或“容纳”在内。(2)include通常表示把某事物作为其中的一部分包含在内。include也是及物动词,应注意其非谓语动词形式的用法。知识要点例句:Orange juice contains things which help keep you healthy.橘子汁里含有益于健康的东西。Chinese scientists have called for strengthened measures to contain A/H1N1 virus especially in the countrys remote areas.中国科学家
6、呼吁加强措施以控制甲型H1N1病毒,特别是在国家的偏远地区。More than one thousand students have been admitted to this school,including my brother/my brother included.一千多名学生被这所学校录取,也包括我弟弟在内。知识要点【链接训练】I think that vegetables are good food because they _ lots of vitamins.A.are containedB.are containingC.containsD.contain【解析】句意为:我认
7、为蔬菜是很好的食品,因为它们含有大量的维生素。contain指“含有某种成分或含有其他物质”。contain不用于进行时态,也没有被动语态,故答案为D。【答案】D知识要点2.access n.接近;通路v.到达;进入;使用;存/取数据归纳拓展(1)access to.接近的机会;进入的权利have/gain/get/obtain access to得以接近,得以会见,得以进入,得以使用give access to接见,准许出入注意:access其后面多与介词to连用,其前面多与介词of连用。(2)accessible adj.可进入的;可接近的;可使用的be accessible to易接近的
8、;能进入的;易受影响的知识要点例句:The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.要到农舍去只有穿过田地。You need a password to get access to the computer system.使用这个计算机系统需要口令。These documents are not accessible to the public.公众无法看到这些文件。知识要点【链接训练】The people living in these apartments have free _ to that swimming pool.A.a
9、ccessB.entranceC.recreationD.excess【解析】句意为:住在这些公寓的人们可以免费使用那个游泳池。access“接近,进入的(权利,道路)”。entrance“入口”;recreation意为“消遣,娱乐”;excess“泛滥,过量”,均不符合题意。【答案】A知识要点3.design vt.&vi.设计,拟定,筹划,意图n.图样,图案,设计(图)归纳拓展(1)design sth.for为设计,指定某物作某种用途be designed for/to do sth.专为而做(设置)be designed as.作为而设计(2)by design 故意地the lat
10、est design 最新样式知识要点例句:The course is designed as an introduction to the subject.这门课程是作为该科目的入门课而开设的。The experiment is designed to test the new drug.实验的目的是试验新药。The machine is of very poor design.这部机器设计得很差。知识要点【链接训练】Whether this happened _ or not we shall never know.A.in designB.on designC.by designD.wi
11、th design【解析】by design“故意地,有意地”,符合题意。【答案】C知识要点4.concentrate v.集中(注意力)于;全神贯注;集中,浓缩n.经浓缩而制成的物质或溶液浓缩物;浓缩液归纳拓展concentrate sth.(on/upon sth.)集中于concentrate on/upon+n.专注于concentrate ones attention on 致力于;把注意力集中在例句:I decided to concentrate my efforts on finding a good job.我决定尽最大努力找一份好工作。This year the compa
12、ny has concentrated on improving its efficiency.这家公司今年已经集中力量提高效率。知识要点【链接训练】Hearing the boring news,I was too distracted to _ my attention on my homeworkA.attractB.drawC.payD.concentrate【解析】句意为:听到这个令人讨厌的消息,我无法集中精力做我的家庭作业。attract ones attention/draw ones attention“吸引某人的注意力”;pay attention后应加介词to,意为“注意,
13、关注”;concentrate ones attention on“集中注意力在上”。故正确答案为D。【答案】D知识要点5.average adj.平均的;普通的;正常的;平常的n.平均数;平均水平;一般水准v.平均为;计算出的平均数归纳拓展(1)an average of 的平均数above/below(the)average 高于/低于平均水平on average 平均地;通常;按平均值with an average of 平均为(2)average out(at sth.)平均数为;最终达到平衡average sth.out 算出的平均数知识要点例句:The employees aver
14、age income in this company is about$1,500 a month.这家公司的员工平均收入大约是每月1 500美元。Her school work is above(the)average.她的学业成绩在平均水准以上。This car runs 15 kilometers per liter on average.这辆车平均每升油跑15公里。知识要点【链接训练】Im only a(n)_ driver,so I cant do more than drive the bus back.A.averageB.commonC.generalD.usual【解析】句意
15、为:我只是一名普通的司机,所以我能做的只不过是把车开回去。average可表示“普通的”。B项意为“常见的;共同的”;C项意为“大体的,总体的”;D项意为“通常的,平常的”。【答案】A知识要点As a result of the snow he drove just 280 kilometres in 5 hours,so the _ speed was 56ph.A.basicB.wholeC.totalD.average【解析】考查形容词辨析。此处average speed意为“平均速度”。basic“基本的”;whole“整个的”;total“总计的”。【答案】D知识要点要点二短语1.c
16、onsist of由组成归纳拓展(1)该短语通常不用于被动语态和进行时态,相当于be made up of和be composed of。(2)consist with和一致;符合consist in sth.要点(特征)在于;以为主例句:This club consists of more than 200 members.这个俱乐部由200多名会员组成。The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.这个计划妙在简明扼要。Theory should consist with practice.理论应与实践相一致。知识要点【链接训练】The
17、 colorful design _sixty candles and a flag will appear on the people square on October 1.A.consists ofB.consisting ofC.to consist ofD.consisted of【解析】考查动词短语consist of的用法,意为“组成”,没有被动语态和进行时态,排除C、D项;分析句子结构,可知此处应该用非谓语动词形式。故正确答案为B。句意为:这个包含有60支蜡烛和一面国旗的图案将在10月1日出现在人民广场上。【答案】B知识要点e up with赶上;拿出,提出(不能用于被动语态)
18、归纳拓展come up 被提到,被考虑(问题、困难)突然出现;开始影响靠近,走近(植物从地里)长出;发芽(指太阳)升起come along到达,出现;跟随,跟着来come across遇见;(偶然)发现come to被想出;合计,共计when it comes to.涉及;谈到知识要点例句:Is that the best excuse you can come up with?那就是你能想出的最好借口吗?I cant attend the party tonight.Something has come up.我不能参加今晚的聚会了,因为有意外情况发生。The bill came to$30
19、.账款共计30美元。知识要点【链接训练】Facing the fast growth of the population,scientists will have to _ new methods of increasing the worlds food supply.A.come up toB.come toC.come uponD.come up with【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意为:面对快速增长的人口,科学家要想出增加世界粮食供应的办法。come up with“提出,想出”,符合题意。【答案】D知识要点When it _ air pollution,Beijing faces t
20、he three“C”scars,coal and construction,which lead to Beijings thick air pollution.A.refers toB.comes toC.happens toD.speaks to【解析】句意为:谈到空气污染,北京面临着三个C即汽车煤和建筑。这些导致的北京的空气的严重污染。When it comes to.意为“涉及,谈到”,符合题意。【答案】B知识要点pared with和相比;匹敌,可与相比归纳拓展(1)compare.with/to.把和比较compare.to.把比作compared to/with.与比较起来(作
21、状语)(2)beyond compare无与伦比,无可比拟(3)comparison n.比较;对照in comparison with和相比较知识要点例句:I compared the translation with/to the original.我把译文拿来和原文对照一番。We often compare children to flowers of our country.我们常常把孩子比作祖国的花朵。Compared with the previous year,the urban air quality remains unchanged.与上一年相比,城市空气质量基本持平。Li
22、ving in the country is cheap in comparison with the big cities.与大都市相比,在乡下生活较便宜。知识要点【链接训练】_ with the other students,the girl has better listening and speaking ability.A.ComparingB.ComparesC.To compareD.Compared【解析】考查非谓语动词短语compared to/with“与相比”。【答案】D知识要点要点三句型Berners-Lee made it possible for everyone
23、to use the Internet,not just universities and the army.贝尔纳斯李使每个人都能使用因特网变成可能,而不仅仅是大学和军队使用。make+sb./sth.+adj.意为“使某人或某物处于某种状态”。知识要点归纳拓展(1)make+宾语+宾语补足语,这是一个常用句式,其中作宾语补足语的可以是动词原形、形容词、名词或过去分词。(2)如果make后的宾语是不定式或that从句,宾语补足语是形容词或名词,这时往往把形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上,把真正的宾语放在后面,find,feel,think等动词也可以这样用,该句型为:make/find/feel
24、/think+it+adj./n.+(for sb.)to do sth./that-clause知识要点(3)make+sb./sth.+省略to的动词不定式,意为“使某人/某物做某事”。当把此类型的句子变为被动语态时,原句中省略的动词不定式符号to必须要还原。例句:She made her child wash his hands before eating.她要孩子在吃东西前洗手。I had to speak loud to make myself heard.为了让别人听见我不得不大声讲话。I made it a rule to walk 2 kilometers a day.我固定每
25、天散步两千米。We thought it wrong that the child should be left alone in the house.我们认为把孩子单独留在家里是不对的。知识要点【链接训练】Music is a universal language,_ makes _ possible for Jay Chou to be popular in America.A.what;whatB.which;itC.what;itD.which;that【解析】空一考查which引导的非限制性定语从句的用法,代指前面整个主句;空二考查形式宾语it的用法,后面的动词不定式作真正的宾语。【
26、答案】B知识要点Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it _.A.reusingB.reusedC.reusesD.to be reused【解析】考查“make+宾语+宾补”结构。句意为:现如今,人们有时把垃圾分类使得再利用更容易些。句中第一个it是形式宾语,for it是真正的宾语。第二个it指waste,和reuse之间是被动关系,排除选项A和C;B项表示被动或完成,也不符合语境,故选D。【答案】D知识要点要点四语法1.合成词合成词:把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法叫做合成,
27、这种词叫合成词(compound words),也称复合词。(1)合成名词的主要构成方式:名词+名词:arm chair扶手椅headache头痛形容词+名词:highway高速公路动词+名词:playground操场副词+名词:outbreak爆发副词+动词:income收入动词+副词:drawback后退名词+动名词:day-dreaming白日梦其他:son-in-law女婿go-between中间人知识要点(2)合成名词的复数变化一般有三种情况:将最后一个构成部分变为复数形式。gentlemangentlemen绅士breakfastbreakfasts早餐good-for-nothi
28、nggood-for-nothings废物将主要成分变为复数形式looker-onlookers-on旁观者passer-bypassers-by过路人comrade-in-armscomrades-in-arms战友将两个组成部分皆变为复数形式,这种合成名词的第一个名词必须是man或woman。man-doctormen-doctors男医生woman-cookwomen-cooks女厨师man-writermen-writers男作家知识要点(3)合成动词的主要构成方式:名词+动词:water-cool用水冷却sleep-walk梦游形容词+动词:quick-charge快速充电white
29、wash粉刷blacklist列入黑名单副词+动词:overthrow推翻undergo经历知识要点(4)合成形容词的主要构成方式:名词+形容词:world-famous世界闻名的color-blind色盲的duty-free免税的名词+动词-ing:peace-loving爱好和平的epoch-making划时代的名词+过去分词:heart-broken心碎的state-owned国有的heart-felt由衷的动词+副词:takeaway外卖的,带走的形容词+名词:long-distance远方的large-scale大规模的high-class高级的形容词+形容词:dark-lue深蓝l
30、ight-green淡绿知识要点形容词+过去分词:new-born新生的noble-minded高尚的形容词+现在分词:good-looking好看的easy-going好说话的副词+动词-ing:hard-working勤奋的far-reaching深远的副词+过去分词:well-known著名的wide-spread广泛蔓延的数词+名词:first-class一级棒的second-hand二手货的数词+名词+形容词:ten-year-old十岁的three-metre-long三米长的数词+名词+-ed:three-cornered 三角的one-eyed独眼的介词+名词:indoor室内
31、的知识要点【链接训练】The police talked to the _ about the accident.A.stander-byB.standers-byC.stander-bysD.standers-bys【解析】考查合成名词的复数变化。stander-by变为复数,将主要成分stander变为复数形式即可。【答案】B知识要点This kind of _ is popular _ small children.A.picture-books;withB.picture-book;withC.picture-ooks;toD.the picture-book;for【解析】book为
32、此合成词的主体部分,故复数用picture-books;be popular with“受欢迎,流行”,是固定短语。【答案】A知识要点A new amusement park in our city has opened with _ computer techniques.A.up-to-dateB.man-madeC.near-sightedD.peace-loving【解析】考查合成词词义辨析。句意为:一个拥有最新电脑技术的娱乐公园在我们城市开业了。up-to-date“现代的,最新的”;man-made“人造的”;near-sighted“近视的”;peace-loving“热爱和平的
33、”。只有A项符合句意。【答案】A知识要点2.冠词冠词包括定冠词the和不定冠词a/an。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词,an用于以元音音素开头的单词(不是元音字母);a/an和the本身不能独立作句子成分,只能与名词连用,主要用来说明限定的名词处于泛指还是特指状态。(1)不定冠词的用法泛指人或事物的类别,相当于any。例句:A bike is very useful in the countryside.自行车在乡间作用很大。泛指某人某物。例句:There is a book on the table.桌子上有一本书。表示one或every的意义。例句:I have a mouth,a nose
34、and two eyes.我有一张嘴、一个鼻子和两只眼睛。知识要点(2)定冠词的用法表示特定或上文已经提到过的人或物。例句:The woman you told me about yesterday seems to be here now.你昨天和我谈起的那个女人好像现在就在这里。表示世界上独一无二的东西。例句:The earth is much smaller than the sun.地球比太阳小得多。用于最高级、序数词或特指两个中的一个的形容词前。例句:The taller of the two girls is my daughter.两个女孩中较高的那个是我的女儿。知识要点用于普通
35、名词前作专有名词使用,或用在江、河、湖、海、山川等名词前面。例如:The Peoples Republic of China中华人民共和国用于乐器前面。例句:Peter is playing the violin.彼得在拉小提琴。用在姓氏的复数前面表示一家人。例句:The Browns are cleaning their new house.布朗一家在打扫他们的新房。用于形容词前,表示一类人。例句:They buried the dead and took the wounded to the hospital at once.他们掩埋了死者的尸体,把受伤的人立刻送进了医院。知识要点用于一些
36、固定词组中,表示“方位、时间”等。例如:in the east/west/north/south of在东/西/北/南部on the left/right在左/右边in the morning/afternoon/evening在早上/下午/晚上表示“某个年代”。例如:in the 1860s/in the 1860s在19世纪60年代表示一个国家或民族的全体人员。例如:the Chinese中国人民the Welsh威尔士人知识要点(3)不使用冠词的情况人名、地名等专有名词、物质名词及抽象名词前。例句:Egypt is a big country with a long history.埃及
37、是一个有悠久历史的大国。Well have fish and rice for lunch.中午我们吃米饭和鱼。注意:表示“一种;一类;一个”或是被限定时,可以加冠词。例句:A Mr Wang wants to see you.有一位王先生想见您。表示“季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐”的名词前(有修饰语除外)。例句:We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。学科、球类名词前。如play basketball打篮球。知识要点在与by连用的短语中,一般不使用冠词,因为表示方式或方法而非具体的工具。by car/bus/bike/
38、plane/air/sea/land可数名词的复数形式,表示泛指或类别时。例句:Horses are useful animals.马是有用的动物。动作turn作系动词使用,表语为单数可数名词时,一般不用冠词。例句:Nothing could make me turn traitor to my country.什么也不能使我背叛我的祖国。知识要点(4)冠词位置不定冠词位置不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意:a.位于下列形容词之后:such,many,half。例句:I have never seen such an animal.我没见过这种动物。Many a man is fit fo
39、r the job.很多人胜任这份工作。b.当名词前的形容词被副词as,so,too,how,however,enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。例句:It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.今天如同我曾度过的最快乐的一天。例如:so short a time时间如此短暂too long a distance距离太长知识要点c.quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。但当rather,quite前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可。例如:quite a lot(许多)。d.在as,though引导的让步状语从句中,当表语为
40、形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放在形容词后。例句:Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes.他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是会发抖。当名词被比较级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之前。定冠词位置定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all,both,double,half,twice,three times等词之后,名词之前。例句:All the students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去了。知识要点【链接训练】It cant be denied that the Diaoy
41、u Islands are _ part of China and what some Japanese have done recently is actually a defiance against _ Chinese people.A.a;/B.a;theC.the;/D./;the【解析】考查冠词。空一be part of意为“属于一部分”,为固定表达,part与of之间不需加冠词。空二用the 特指中国人们。故正确答案为D项。【答案】D知识要点As is knows to all,_opening ceremony of the 16th Asian Games held on N
42、ovember 12th in Guangzhou was _ great success.A/;aBthe;aCthe;/Da;/【解析】考查冠词。空一用定冠词the表示特指广州亚运会开幕式;当success意为具体成功的事或人时为可数名词。故正确答案为B。【答案】B知识要点Paper money was in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century.A.the;/B.the;theC./;theD./;/【解析】序数词前通常用定冠词,用不定冠词时,则表示“再一(次,个)”等。be in use意为“在使用”,表示抽象意义。【答案】C知识要点She is _ newcomer to _ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.A.the;theB.the;/C.a;/D.a;the【解析】表示数量概念时,a泛指任何一个;学科名词是抽象名词,前面不用冠词,故选C。【答案】C