1、小升初英语复习资料 目录 第一章 词类总述.1 第二章 名词 .2 第三章 代词.5 第四章 冠词.10 第五章 介词.13 第六章 数词.17 第七章 形容词、副词.21 第八章 连词.24 第九章 动词.26 第十章 情态动词.27 第十一章 动词的时态.29 第十二章 句子的种类.30 第十三章 情景交际.35 第十四章 英语教材英语单词名词归类.41 第十五章 常用词归纳.48 第十六章 小学生四会句子.50 一、概念:根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用将词分为若干类,叫做词类。二、分类(10 类):1:实词(有实义)名词(noun,缩写为 n.)是人和事物的名称。pen(钢笔),En
2、glish(英语),life(生活)。代词(pronoun,缩写为 pron.)是用来代替名词、数词的词。we(我们),his(他的),all(全部)。动词(verb,缩写为 v)表示动作和状态的词。write(写),eat(吃),sing(唱歌)。形容词(adjective,缩写为 adj.)用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的特征。great(伟大的),honest(诚实的),difficult(困难的)。副词(adverb,缩写为。adv.)是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词。quickly(快),often(经常),very(很)。数词(numeral,缩写为 num.)是表示多少和第几的词。
3、four(四),eighteen(十八),first(第一),eighth(十八),hundred(百),thousand(千)2:虚词(没有实义)介词(preposition,缩写为 prep.)说明词与词之间关系的词。from(从),in(在内),between(在之间)连词(conjunction,缩写为 conj.)是连接词与词或句与句的单词。and(和),because(因为),but(但是)。冠词(article,缩写为 art.)用在名词前,说明名词的意义。a,an(一个),the(这,那)。感叹词(interjection,缩写为 int.)表示喜怒哀乐感情的词。oh(噢),a
4、ha(啊哈),hi(嗨)。注不少词可以属于几个词类,如 work(工作;动词和名词),fast(快;形容词和副词),since(自从;连词和介词)等。1第一章 词类总述词类记忆口诀:英语十类词,一定要记住。名代动形副,介连冠感数。名词单复数,可数不可数。代词主宾格,以及所有格。动词情系助,及物不及物。还有形容词,比较最高级。副词时地频,常修动形副。介地短语多,时间地点等。连词分两类,并列和从属。冠词有三类,a,an 和 the。叹词表情感,喜怒和哀乐,数词记两种,基序重中重。第二章 名词一、概念:用来表示人或事物名称的词。二、种类:1.专有名词:表示人、地方、组织机构或事物等的专有名称。Bei
5、jing 北京Tom 汤姆2.普通名词:是指一类人或东西或是一个抽象的名称。可数名词:这类名词有单数和复数形式。A:个体名词:个别人或事物的名称。friend 朋友B:集体名词:若干人或事物的名称。family 家庭 不可数名词:表示不能用数来计算的事物的名词。A:物质名词:表示物质或材料的名称的词。water 水B:抽象名词:表示性质、行为、状态、情感等抽象名词。friendship 友谊三、考点:1.可数名词的数(可数名词变复数的规则):一般情况下在词尾“+s”.car-cars bike-bikes 以“s”“x”“ch”“sh”结尾的名词在词尾“+es”.bus-buses box-b
6、oxes beach-beaches dish-dishes 以“辅音+y”结尾的名词,“yi+es”.party-parties 2以“元音+y”结尾的名词,直接加 s.boy-boystoy-toys 以“ffe”结尾的名词,“fefves”wife-wives knife-knives口诀:妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发的慌。躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。单复数同形的单词有:Chinese,Japanese,fish,deer,sheep口诀:中日人民爱护鱼鹿羊。某国人变复数:Chinese Chinese Japanese Japanese Englishman EnglishmenFr
7、enchman FrenchmenGerman Germans American AmericansAustralian Australians口诀:中日不变英法变,其余后面加 s.以 o 结尾的单词,加 es 的常见的只有 5 个:Negro,hero,potato,tomato,mango口诀:黑人、英雄、爱吃土豆、西红柿、芒果 变化单次内部元音字母man menwoman womenpoliceman policemenEnglishman EnglishmenFrenchman Frenchmen foot feettooth teethgoose geese 特殊变化的有:child
8、children3thisthesethatthosesheheittheyamisareIweyouyou2.名词所有格 概念:表示所有关系的名词形式,译作“的”。Toms sister Jims bike 形式:A:词尾加 s:多用于有生命的东西。Children s Day Teachers Day B:of+名词:多用于无生命的东西。a map of China 常见考点;A.以 s 结尾的单词,一般直接在词尾加 boys JamesB.表示两者共有的在后者加 s :A and Bs表示两者分别有的分别加s :As and BsThis is Lily and Lucys room.T
9、hese are Lilys and Lucys rooms.记忆口诀:名词只变数,不分主宾格。人和动物类,可变所有格。撇()后加 s,相当汉语“的”。时间、距离等,也变所有格。4第三章代词一、概念:代词(pronoun,缩写为 pron.)是用来代替名词、数词的词。二、种类:1、人称代词:表示你、我、她、他、它、你们、我们、他们、的 词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。注:在连续使用两个以上人称代词时,通常单数 you 放在第一位,I 放在最后;复数 we 放在第一位,they 放在最后。都是第三人称,女后男在先。可简单记为单数 2,3,1,复数 1,2,3。人称代词记忆口诀:人称代词你我他,
10、人称数格有变化,人称代词分两格,主格宾格来分说,作主语时用主格,作宾语时用宾格,若是用来作表语,主格宾格都可以,人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性物 主 代词名词性物主代词第一人称单数IMemyminemyself复数weUsouroursourselves第二人称单数youYouyouryoursyourself复数youYouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数heHimhishishimselfsheHerherhersherselfitItitsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves句法功能作主语.其中 she可指代国家.i
11、t 可指代天气、时间等.作宾语、介词宾语、表语。作定语作主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语。书信 yours作宾语、介词宾语、表语、主语同位语。5人称代词也有数,单数复数莫用错,并列使用 and 连,注意顺序礼貌见。单数人称二三一,复数人称一二三,麻烦事情“我”站前,其他人称没意见。两性并用为单三,男先女后是习惯。2、物主代词:概念:表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。(具体内容见上表)种类:A:形容词性物主代词:在句中起形容词的作用,在句中作定语,后面跟名词。B:名词性物主代词:具有名词的性质,在句中不能作定语,但可以用作主、宾、表语,与 of 连用作定语,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。Eg:Here
12、 is my dog.Its name is Tom.Is that coffee yours or hers?He is a friend of mine.This is my school,that is yours=your school.记忆口诀:人称代词有两种,形容词性名词性,形容词性能力差,自己不能来当家,句子当中作定语,身后需把名词加,物主代词名词性,相当名词可单用,句中充当主宾表,身后没有名词影,两种代词形不同,添个 s 形就成名,His,its 不用变,my 变成 mine 要记清。人称代词反身代词主格第一人称单数Imyself复数weourselves第二人称单数youyo
13、urself复数youyourselves63、反身代词。概念:表示动作返回到动作执行者本身的词。内容:用法:通常用于一些固定搭配词组中:Eg:look after oneself 照顾自己用法口诀:早晨醒来靠自己,自言自语多自学。随便吃些小吃的,最后却很伤身体。慢慢相信了自己,生活变得愉快起。反身代词记忆口诀:反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加,其余开头用物主,复数 ves 替 f 4、指示代词概念:指示人或事物的代词叫指示代词。内容:数指示代词意义单数this这个that那个复数these这些those那些第三人称单数hehimselfsheherselfititself复数theythems
14、elves7用法:A:thisthat 后面接名词的单数形式,thesethose 后面接名词的复数形式。B:thisthese 指在空间上较近的事物,thatthose 指在空间上较远的事物。C:打电话时介绍自己用 this,打电话时询问对方是谁用 that。D:向第三方介绍别人时用 This is Eg:This is an apple,and these are apples,too.Whats that in the sky?-Hello,this is Li Lei,who is that?-Hi,Li Lei,this is my friend Jim.记忆口诀:this,thes
15、e 靠近我,that,those 远离我This,that 指单数,these,those 用复数,this 电话说自己,that 询问那是谁,都可用 the 来代替,劝君务必记心里。5、不定代词.概念:不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词。用法比较:A:some 和 any:“一些”some 一般用于肯定句中,而 any 则用于否定句和疑问句中.Eg:Tom has some storybooks.I dont have any questions.注:在表示请求或建议,希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,some 不用变 any。Eg:Would you like some coffee?B:many
16、和 muchmany 后接可数名词复数,“许多”much 后接不可数名词,表示“大量”Eg:There are many books on the desk.There is much water in the bottle.C:all 和 both all 表示三者或三者以上“全部”both 表示两者“都”8Eg:All children enjoy Christmas.My parents are both like swimming.D:either 和 neither either 表示“两者中的任何一个”,常与 or 连用neither 表示“两者都不”,常与 nor 连用。Eg:E
17、ither he or she can go home now.I like neither of the books.E:little、a little、few、a few 修饰不可数名词little “几乎没有”,表否定a little “有一点”,表肯定修饰可数名词few “几乎没有”,表否定a few“有一点”,表肯定Eg:I have little money.I have a little money with me.I have few good books.I have a few good friends here.F:other、others、the other、anoth
18、erother:“另一些”,其他的人或物,后面加名词。others:“其余的人或物”后面不可以再加名词。the other:指两者中的“另一个”another:指三者或三者以上中的“另一个”Eg:My other sister is a doctor.Show me some others,please.I have two brothers.One is a worker,the other is a teacher.Dont lose heart,have another try.96、疑问代词:第四章冠词一、概念:用于名词前,说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词。二、种类:不定冠词(a/a
19、n)、定冠词(the)和零冠词()。三、特点:不能独立使用,只能在名词前,修饰名词;除了固定搭配外,单数可数名词前必须有冠词。a tree,an egg,the teacher 用法:四、不定冠词的用法:1.泛指一类人、事或物Eg:A horse is an animal.2.泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。Eg:A girl is waiting for you.3.表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有 one 强烈。Eg:I have a computer.4.表示“每一”,相当于 every.Eg:I go to school five days a week.疑 问 词意思
20、用法疑 问 词意思用法when什么时间问时间what date什么日期问具体日期who谁问人what for为何目的问目的whose谁的问主人how怎么样问情况where在哪里问地点how old多大问年龄which哪一个问选择how many多少问数量why为什么问原因how much多少问价钱what什么问东西how about怎么样问意见what time什么时间问时间how far多远问路程what color什么颜色问颜色how often多久一次问频率105.用在某些固定词组中:Eg:a lot(of),a few,a little,have a cold,have a good
21、time,have a look注:a/an 的区别:不看字母看读音,不见原因(元音)别施恩(n)a university umbrella a European country an elephant an hour a house anh l m n r s x Eg:There is an f in the word five.记忆口诀:冠词 a、an 两种帽,单数可数名词要。选帽只要听读音,不看字母能做到。若是元音音素来开头,一定需要选 an 帽。辅音音素戴 a 帽,记准规律莫乱套。五、定冠词的用法:1.指世界上独一无二的事物。Eg:Which is bigger,the sun or
22、 the earth?2.上文已经提到的人或事物。Eg:I have a car.The car is red.3.用在序数词,形容词最高级前。Eg:The first lesson is the easiest one in this book.4.用在方位词前。Eg:on the left 在左边,in the middle of 在中间5.用在乐器名称前。Eg:play the piano play the violin 6.用在姓氏复数形式前,表一家人Eg:the Greens 格林一家人7.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。Eg:Open the window,please.8.用在由普通
23、名词构成的专有名词前。Eg:the Great Wall 长城,the United States 美国9.用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人。Eg:the poor 穷人,the rich 富人10.特指某(些)人或某(些)物。Eg:The book on the desk is mine.11.用在某些固定词组中:Eg:by the way 顺便说in the morning/afternoon/evening11记忆口诀:世界独一二次现,序词形容高级前;方位乐器复数姓,双知专名和富人,特指事物及习惯。六、零冠词的用法:1.头衔、称呼语以及职位名称前。Eg:Who is monitor(班长)
24、in your class?2.星期几、节假日、月份、季节等名词前。Eg:on Monday on Christmas Day 3.专有名词前。Eg:Jack was born in China.4.球类及三餐名称前。Eg:play football have lunch 5.语言、棋类、各学科名称前。Eg:learn English learn math play chess 6.与 by 连用的交通工具前。Eg:by bike by bus=take a bus 7.名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用冠词。Eg:This is my pen.8.表泛指的不定量的名词前。Eg:Fai
25、lure is the mother of success.9.在一些固定搭配或习惯用法中。Eg:at noon 在中午记忆口诀:不用冠词有九点,呼语头衔职务前;日月季节和星期,专名球类及三餐;语言下棋各学科,交通工具和习惯;名前代词这那限,泛指事物不用冠。12第五章介词一、定义:介词常用于名词或代词之前,表示该词与句子其它成分之间的关系,一般在句子中不单独作句子任何成分。二、分类:三、用法及辨析 1.at/in/on.表示时间:A:at 表示某一具体时间点,某一时刻/年龄at six oclock at noon at that time at the moment at the age o
26、f at night B:in 表示时间段,一天的三个时间段以及月份,年,季节,世纪,人生的某个时期(某人几十岁时)in the morning/afternoon/evening in spring/in 2007/in March in the twenty-first century in his fiftiesC:on 表示星期几/某一具体的日子/具体某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时.On Monday on New Years Day on Sunday morning on a rainy night on the evening of A
27、pril 1st,2007类别例词时间介词at、in、on、before、after、from 方位介词on、in、at、behind、over、above、under、below 动向介词to、into、up、down、through、along、out of方式介词by、on、in、with原因介词for、from、of、with 13时间名词前所用介词的速记歌 年月周前要用 in,日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用 on,上午下午又是 in。要说某日上下午,用 on 换 in 才能行。午夜黄昏须用 at,黎明用它也不错。多说多练牢牢记,莫让岁月空蹉跎。表地点:A:at 一般指较小的地点或较具体
28、的位置at the station at the cinema B:in 表示在较大的地点或一个有限空间里.in China in the classroom C:on 指在某物体的表面上.on the desk注意:写街道时,若有门牌号用 at,否则用 on/in 都可.He lives at 270 Dong Changan Street.2.in/on/to 表方位:in 表示 A 地在 B 地范围之内.(包含关系)Taiwan is _ the southeast of China.on 表示 A,B 地接壤.(外切关系)Hubei is _ the north of Hunan.to
29、 表示 A,B 两地有一定的间距.(外离关系)Japan is _ the east of China.3.between/among 在之间between:指两者之间.在.之间.among:用于三者或三者以上人或物之间.在之中.You sit _ him and me.The song is popular _ the students.4.with/in/by 表示“用”with 表示“用”一般指有形的工具/手段/人体器官.He cut the apple into halves _ a knife.注:with 表伴随,“带有,含有”14He came in _ a big smile
30、on his face.in 表示用某种语言,方式,途径.或书写/绘画所用的材料.也可表交通方式.Can you say it _English?He wrote a letter _ blue ink.by 表示乘坐交通工具,表示方式,方法I study for a test _ working with a group.He makes a living _ selling newspapers.注意:同义词组by phone=on the phone by car=in a car in pen=with a pen=with pens 5.across/through/over/by
31、经过across 指横穿,穿过.表示动作从某一物体表面上经过.through 指穿过,透过,表示从某一物体空间内通过.over 表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触.by 表示从某人/某物的旁边经过.Can you swim _ the river?The elephant is so big that it cant go _ the gate.I dont think anyone can jump _ the fence.I walked _ the bank of China yesterday.6.in front of/in the front of in the fro
32、nt of 表示在.内部的前面in front of 表示在外面的前面There is a desk in _ front of our classroom.There is a big tree in _ front of our classroom.四、其它介词的用法:1.at 表示“价格或速度”The train ran at 120 kilometers an hour.2.in 的其它用法:in 表示“在方面”词组:do well in=be good at be weak in 15in 表示“穿着”后接表颜色的词或衣服.词组:be in+衣服=be wearing+衣服in 作副
33、词,在家at home 3.like 的用法:像/和一样.常与系动词连用.词组:look like sound like 与 what 连用,“是什么样子,怎样”.What is he like?He is kind.4.except/besides except 除了.之外,没有.不包括在范围之内.besides 除了之外,还有.包括在范围之内.We all went swimming _ Lucy.(除了.之外,没有)We study Japanese and French_ English.(除了.之外,还有)5.be made+介词的区别:be made of 由制成(看得见原材料)b
34、e made from 由制成(看不见原材料)be made in+地点 由哪儿生产be made by sb.由某人制造6.表示“数量的介词”about,round,around,over about,round around 表示“大约”over 表示“超过”=more than.7.inside/outside inside 在里面outside 在.外面8.in the wall/on the wall in the wall 表示“门窗在墙上”on the wall 表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上”9.in the tree/on the tree in the tree 表示挂、落在树
35、上的常用搭配词有:kitebirdmonkeycat 等on the tree 表示长在树上的常用搭配词有:applebananaorange 等16第六章数词一、定义:表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词。二、分类:数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表 示顺序的数词叫序数词。三、用法:1.基数词1 one 100 a hundred2 two20 twenty1000 a thousand3 three13 thirteen 30 thirty4 four 14 fourteen40 forty5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 6 six 16 sixtee
36、n60 sixty7 seven 17seventeen70 seventy8 eight18 eighteen80 eighty9 nine19 nineteen90 ninety10 ten11 eleven12 twelve说明:13-19 皆以后缀-teen5ti:n结尾,它们都有两个重音。注意 thirteen,fifteen,eighteen 的发音和拼法。20-90 第十位数的整数均以后缀-ty 结尾。十位数和个位数之间须用连字号-。如:twenty-one(二十一),fifty-five(五十五),ninety-nine(九十九)等。100 以上的基本的基数词100 hundr
37、ed 1,000 thousand 1,000,000 million 百万1,000 million(=billion)十亿17499 four hundred and ninety-nine(101-999 如此构成)3,876 three thousand eight hundred and seventy-six(1001-9999 皆如此构成)57,453 fifty-seven thousand four hundred and fifty-three(10001-99999)皆如此构成)768,921 seven hundred sixty-eight thousand nine
38、 hundred and twenty-one50,000,000 fifty million500,000,000 five hundred million5,000,000,000 five thousand million(或 five billion)2.序数词序数词缩写式汉译firstlst第一second2nd 第二third 3rd第三fouth4th第四fifth5th第五sixth6th 第六seventh7th第七eighth8th第八ninth9th第九tenth10th 第十twelfth12th 第十二twentieth 20th 第二十twenty-first 21
39、st第二十一说明:英语序数词 1-19 除第一(first),第二(second),第三(third)有特殊形式外,其余均由基数词后加-th 构成。有几个序数词加-th 时拼法不规则,它们是:fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。十位整数的序数词的构成方法是:先将十位整数基数词的词尾-ty 变成 tie,然后加-th。18基数词几十几变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词,十位数不变。如 twenty-one 变成twenty-first。序数词的缩写形式,由阿拉伯数码后加上序数词的最后两个字母构成。如:1st,2nd,3rd,4th,31st,82nd,93rd,94th 等。基
40、数词变成序数词口诀:基变序,有规律;1、2、3,特殊记。th 要从四加起;八去 t,九减 e。f 来把 ve 替,ty 变成 tie。若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。3.分数和小数的读法分数(fraction)分子为基数词,分母为序数词,分子大于 1 时,分母序数词用复数:12 one half 13 one-third;23 two-thirds;14 one-fourth 或 one quarter;34 three-fourths 或 three quarters;小数0.5 zero point five;1.25 one point two five;4.时间表达法:整点表示法:用“
41、基数词+oclock”表示6:00six oclock 半点表示法:“钟点数+thirty”“half+past+钟点数”2:30 two thirty 或half past two“几点几分”表示法:A:直接表示法:钟点数+分钟10:20 ten twenty B:间接表示法:当“分钟30”时,“分钟+past+钟点数”11:25 twenty-five past eleven 当“分钟30”时,“(60-分钟)+to+下一钟点数”11:50 ten to twelve 注 15 分钟常用“a quarter”来代替“fifteen”19时间表达法口诀:前是分,后是点,中间要用 to 来连。
42、(几点差几分)前是分,后是点,介词 past 在中间。(几点过几分)如果表示几点半,要用 half past 加钟点。5.编号表示法:名词+基数词 the+序数词+名词第八课Lesson Eight =the eight lesson 第 201 号房间Room 201 6.年、月、日表示法年代前用 in。(in)897 读作(in)eight hundred and ninety-seven(in)1961 读作(in)nineteen sixty-one(或 in nineteen hundred and sixty-one)(in)1905 读作(in)nine teen and fiv
43、e(in)1800 读作(in)eighteen hundred月份开头第一个字母须大写,表示在某月时,月份前面用介词 in。下面月份后附有缩写式。(in)January Jan.一月(in)July 七月(in)February Feb.二月(in)August Aug.八月(in)March Mar.三月(in)September Sept.九月(in)April Apr.四月(in)October Oct.十月(in)May 五月(in)November Nov.十一月(in)June 六月(in)December Dec.十二月某年某月某日in September 1954(读作 in
44、 September nineteen fifty four)1954 年 9 月on October 1,1949(读作 On October(the)first,nineteen forty nine)1949 年 10 月 7 日注 the twenties,the thirties 等可用来表示几十年代。如 in the nineties of the last century(在上一世纪的九十年代)。20第七章形容词、副词一、概念:形容词是用来修饰和形容名词,说明人与事物性质和特征的词。副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。二、比较级和最高级的构成方法:1.单音节词和少数双音节
45、词比较级和最高级的规则变化:2.其他双音节词或多音节词,在该词前面加-more/mostbeautifulmore beautiful(the)most beautiful3.由形容词加 ly 构成的双音节词和多音节词,都是在该词前加-more/most.quicklymore quickly(the)most quicklydifficultlymore difficultly(the)most difficultly4.不规则变化:good/wellbetterBestbad/badlyworseWorstmany/muchmoreMostlittlelessLeastfarfarther
46、/furtherfarthest/furthest不规则变化记忆口诀:特殊形式比较级,共有三对二合一。病坏两多并两好,little 意少不是小。一分为二也三个,距离老远常迟到。三、形容词比较级和最高级的用法:1.原级的用法:用于两者之间对比,意思为“和相同”A+v.+as.+形容词原级+as BTom is as honest as Jack.情况原级比较级最高级1.一般情况下在词尾后直接加-er/esttalltallertallest2.词尾是 e,只加-r/stnicenicernicest3.以辅音字母加y结尾的,把y变i再加-er/esthappyhappierhappiest4.重
47、读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加-er/estthinthinnerthinnest212.比较级的用法:A+形容词比较级+than+BBeijing is more beautiful than Tianjin.形容词比较级前还可以用 much,even,still,a little,far,a lot,a bit,much more 来修饰,very,so,too,quite 不能修饰比较级。数字+形容词比较级+thanIm two years older than you.She is a head taller than me.比较级+and+比较级,表示“越来越
48、”The earth is getting warmer and warmer.China becomes more and more stronger.the+比较级,the+比较级结构,表示“越就越”The more I study it,the more I like it.which/who+is+比较级Which city is bigger,Beijing or Tianjin?Who is happier,you or me?3.最高级用法:用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加 the,后面跟带 in 或 of 表范围的短语。one of the+最高级Shanghai i
49、s one of the most beautiful cities in China.四、必背形容词表:active积极的dirty脏的hot热的angry生气的early早的hungry饥饿的bad坏的easy容易的ill生病的beautiful美丽的excited激动的important重要的big大的exciting刺激的interesting有趣的bored无聊的expensive昂贵的juicy多汁的bright明亮的fast快的kind善良的busy忙的fat胖的large大的careful仔细的favorite最喜爱的late迟的cheap便宜的fine好的little小的cl
50、ean干净的free空闲的long长的clever聪明的fresh新鲜的lovely可爱的22五、两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时的排列顺序限定词一般描绘性形容词表示大小、长短、高低的形容词表示形状的形容词表示年龄、新旧的形容词表示色彩的形容词表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词表示物质、材料的形容词表示用途、类别的形容词名词中心词。例如:an exciting international football match 一场令人激动的国际足球赛a new red sports shirt cold冷的funny滑稽的many许多的colorful多彩的glad高兴的much大量的cool凉爽的good好
51、的new新的cute可爱的great伟大的nice好的dangerous危险的happy快乐的noisy吵闹的dark黑暗的hard难的old老的dear亲爱的healthy健康的poor贫穷的deep深的heavy重的pretty漂亮的difficult困难的high高的proud骄傲的quiet安静的small小的tender嫩的rich富有的smart聪明的thick厚的right正确的soft软的thin瘦的sad悲伤的sour酸的tired疲倦的safe安全的strict严格的warm暖和的salty咸的strong强壮的weak虚弱的short矮的stupid愚蠢的wrong错误的
52、sick病的sweet甜的young年轻的slow慢的tall高的23一件新的红色运动衫a light black plastic umbrella 一把轻的黑塑料伞an old small brown wooden house 一座旧的小的棕色的木头房子形容词排列顺序记忆口诀:“限观形令色国材”“县官行令杀国材”。其分别的含义是:“县”(限)代表限定词,包括:冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等。“官”(观)代表表示观点的描绘性形容词,如:fine,beautiful,interesting 等。“行”(形)代表表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词,如:small,tall,h
53、igh,little,round 等。“令”(龄)代表表示年龄、新、旧的形容词,如:old,young 等。“杀”(“色”的近似音)代表表示颜色的形容词,如:white,black,yellow 等。“国”代表表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词(名词),如:English,mountain 等。“材”则代表形成中心名词的材料的形容词,如:stone,wooden,silk,plastic 等。第八章连词一、定义:连接单词、短语、分句和句子的词。二、分类:并列连词、转折连词、关系连词和因果连词。三、用法:1.and and 表示“和、且”在肯定句中连接并列的成分。He is laughing and
54、talking.adj/adv+and+adj/adv 表示“渐渐”。Beijing is becoming more and more beautiful.否定句中 and 变成 or.He doesnt want to eat any bananas or apples.2.but 表示转折对比关系的连词,意为“但是”He is poor,but honest.3.or or 有“或”的意思,表示一种选择Would you like tea or water?24“祈使句,or”or 表示否则。=If not,.Study hard,or you will fail(失败).=_ you
55、_study hard,you will fail.or 用在否定句中表示并列关系。He cant read or write.4.both both“两者都”,后面的名词、动词都用复数。Both the answers are right.both of.Both of us are students.both and Both you and she are right.5.either/either or either“两者当中任何一个”,后有 of 时接名词的复数形式,无 of 时接单数名词,动词用单数形式。You may wear either of the hats.either
56、or“不是就是,或者或者.”动词与临近的主语保持一致即“就近原则”.Either you or he has to go=Either he or you have to go.6.neither/neither norneither“两者当中都不”,后有 of 时接名词的复数形式,无 of 时接单数名词,动词用单数形式。Neither of the answers _(be)right.neither.nor“既不.也不”动词与临近的主语保持一致。即“就近原则”.Neither you nor I am right.=Neither I nor you are right.四、不能同时出现在
57、一个句子中的连词。1).because,so 不能同时出现在一个句子里,只用其中之一。Because in our school we all knew him,so we had no trouble in finding him.(F)2).though/although,but 不能同时出现在一个句子里。Though Australia is very large,but the population is quite small.(F)25第九章动词一、概念:表示人或动物的动作、状态的词。实义动词及物动词:后面可以直接加宾语。不及物动词:后面不能直接接宾语。二、种类系动词:它本身有词义
58、,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语助动词:协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动 词情态动词三、形态:动词的五种形态分别是:原形(do)、第三人称单数形式(does)、过去式(did)、过去分词(done)、现在分词(doing)。四、动词的单三形式、现在分词形式、过去式的构成规则详见下表。形式规则例词单三形式一般动词-swork-works,read-reads以 sh,ch,s,x 和 o 结尾的动词,加-esgo-goes.wash-washes以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词,变 y 为 i,再加 esstudy-studies.paly-plays现在分词一般加-ingstudy-st
59、udying以 e 结尾的词去 e 再加-ingmake-making以重读闭音节或 r 音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,要双写这个辅音字母,再加-ingswim-swimmingwear-wearing以-ie 结尾的重读开音节的词,变-ie 为 y 再加-ingdie-dying过去式一般在词尾加-edlook-looked.play-played以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词,直接加-dshine-shining以重读闭音节结尾的动词,词尾只有一个辅音字母时,应双写这个辅音字母再加-edstop-stopped.drop-dropped以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词,变 y 为 i,再加
60、-edstudy-studied四、不规则动词变化表(见附录)26第十章 情态动词一、概念:表示句子主语或说话者对动作或状态的各种情感或态度。二、用法:1.cancouldcancould 表示能力,用于肯定句、否定句、疑问句。-Can you swim?-Yes,I can.在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。He couldnt be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。Can this sweater be Toms?这件毛衣可能是汤姆的吗?表示许可。Eg:You can go home now.用 could 表示更礼貌、更委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用 could)。Could yo
61、u tell me the wayto the zoo?2.maymight表示允许或请求.You may go now.表示没有把握的推测.He might be at home.may 放在句首,表示祝愿.May God bless you!愿上帝保佑你。注意:might 表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比 may 小。3.have tomust 两词都是“必须”的意思,have to 表示客观的需要,must 表示说话人主观上 的看法。I have to go now.我现在不得不走了。(客观上需要做这件事)I must go now.我现在必须走了。(主观上要做这件事)have to
62、 有人称、数、时态的变化,而 must 只有一种形式。He had to look after his sister yesterday.在否定结构中:dont have to 表示不必(没有必要)mustnt 表示禁止(不能)You dont have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。27 You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。对于 must 提问的回答,肯定用:Yes,sb.Must.否定用:No,sb.needntdont didntdoesnt have to.must 用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为
63、“一定”。This must be your room.4.shouldshould 表示劝导,相当于汉语“应该”的意思。You should keep your promise.你应当遵守你的诺言。表推断The weather should be fine tomorrow.明天一定是个好天气。表示表示惊奇、愤怒、失望等情感。Why should they do such a thing?他们为什么竟然干这样的事情?5.had better 表示“最好”had better(not)do=d better(not)do 最好(不)做The weather is cold,you had be
64、tter put on your coat.天气很冷,你最好穿上你的外套。The weather is cold,you had better not take off your coat.天气很冷,你最好穿上你别脱你的外套。6.need 表示“需要”“必须”,做情态动词时多用于疑问和否定句。I neednt tell him,he has know.我不必告诉他,他已经知道了。对 need 问句的回答,肯定用 must,否定用 neednt.-Need I come?-Yes,you must.No,you neednt.情态动词记忆口诀:情态动词有词义,不能独立做谓语。人称与数无变化,要和
65、动原在一起。28Can 表能力 need 需要,should 应该 may 许可。义务责任 must 管,否定回答 neednt。Had better 连用最好,have to 被迫表客观。第十一章动词的时态一、一般现在时的用法:1.经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语:every,sometimes,at,on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.我每天早晨 7 点从家到学校。2.客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。Shanghai is
66、 in the east of China.上海坐落于中国的东部。3.表示状态、性质、现状、特征。He lives in Beijing.4.表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。一般现在时记忆口诀:动词一般现在时,表示经常发生事。现状性质和特征,能力习惯和真理。时间状语要记好,频度副词要留意。Be 用 am、is、are,跟随主语来变化。我用 am 你用 are,is 连着他、她、它。单数名词用 is,复数后面都用 are。变疑问 be 提前,not 否定 be 后加。行为动词做谓语,不同形式辨仔细。第三人称单数时,动词要用单三式。Have 单三为 h
67、as,其他动词用原形。Dont,doesnt 来否定,疑问句首 do,does.还有一点要注意,动词还原别忘记。29二、一般过去时的用法1.在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有:yesterday,last week,an hour ago,in1982 等。Where did you go yesterday?2.表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child,I often played football in the street.三、一般将来时的用法:1.“willshall+动词原形”,表示单纯的将来。时间状语有 tomorrow,
68、next month,in 2020.I will help you carry it.2.“be going to+动词原形”,表示按照计划、安排打算做某事或有迹象要发生的事。计划,安排要发生的事。They are going to have sports meeting next month.有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.四、现在进行时的用法:1.“am/is/are+动词-ing”用来表示现在正在发生或进行的动作。时间状语有 now,these days,theseweeks 等。She is
69、drawing a map.她在画一张地图。2.句首有 Look!/Listen!等提示语时,后面的句子中动词一般用现在进行时。Look!She is reading under the tree.瞧!她正在树下看书。3.现在进行时有时可表示将来发生的动作,有意图或打算的含义(用于 go,come,stay,1eave,start 等表示移动的动词)。He is corning to see you tomorrow.他明天要来看你。They are going to the Ming tombs this coming Sunday.这个星期天他们要到十三陵去。第十二章句子的种类一、分类:按
70、使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。1.陈述句:说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。He gets up at six.他六点钟起床。(说明事实)I dont think so.我不这么认为。(说明看法)302.疑问句:提出问题。一般疑问句:Can you finish the work in time?你能按时完成工作吗?特殊疑问句:Where do you live?你住那儿?How do you know that?你怎么知道那件事?选择疑问句:Do you want tea or coffee?你是要茶还是要咖啡?反意疑问句:He doesnt know her,does he?他不
71、认识她,对不对?3.祈使句:提出请求,建议或发出命令 Sit down,please.请坐。Dont be nervous!别紧张!4.感叹句:表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪.1.陈述句:肯定式:This is my sister.I like reading books at weekends.否定式:A:be+not I am not a student.B:dodoesdid+not He does not like playing basketball.C:助动词情态动词+not I can not swim.D:用 no、nothing、nobody 表否定.I know noth
72、ing about it.2.一般疑问句:定义:用 be 动词、助动词或情态动词置于句首,可用“yes”或“no”来回答的问句。应答:用 yesno(或相当于“yes”或“no”的词)回答,并根据句首的 be 动词、情态动词或助动词作相应的回答。-Is Mary a Japanese girl?-Yes,she is.No,she isnt.-Can you speak English?-Yes,I can.No,I cant.-Do you like your teacher?-Yes,I do.No,I dont.31变形:如何将一个肯定的陈述句变为一般疑问句:A:看句中有无 be 动词,
73、如果有 be 动词提到句首即可。B:看句中有无情态动词,如果有情态动词提到句首即可。C:如上述两者都没有,就应把助动词提到句首。3.特殊疑问句:定义:当疑问代词 what who whom which whose 或疑问副 when where why how 引导 的问句,不能用 yes,no 来回答。句式:当疑问词在句中作主语时,用正常语序。Who is that boy?特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。When did you go to the cinema?常见的特殊疑问词:(见 25 页表格)对画线部分提问的顺序:(一代二移三倒四抄)一代:用疑问代词代替画线部分。二移:把疑问词移至句首。三
74、倒:颠倒主谓语。四抄:照抄其他部分,变句号为问号。4.选择疑问句:定义:提供两个或两个以上答案供对方选择的问句;选择疑问句由一个一般疑问句或特殊疑问句加上选择部分构成,两部分由 or 连接,表示选择关系,选择疑问句不能用 yes 或 no 回答。-Are you from China or Japan?-Im from China.注意:在选择疑问句中,多个选择的内容用 or 连接时,or 放在最后一个选择内容的前面。Which colour do you like best,red,yellow,blue or green?5.反意疑问句(附加疑问句):定义:指提问人对自己的看法不能完全肯定
75、,需要加以证实的句子。结构:A:肯定陈述句+否定结构的附加简短问句。Beijing is a beautiful city,isnt it?B:否定陈述句+肯定结构的附加简短问句。You cant speak Chinese,can you?回答:反意疑问句用 yes 或 no 回答,如果陈述部分叙述的内容是事实,就用 yes 当陈述句回答,32如果陈述部分叙述的内容不是事实,就用 no 回答。需要注意的是,当陈述句部分为否定结构时,答语在翻译汉语时有些变化。-Its raining,isnt it?下雨了,不是吗?-Yes,it is.No,it isnt.是的,下雨了。不,没下雨-Its
76、not raining,is it?没下雨,是吗?-Yes,it is.No,it isnt.不,下雨了。是的,没下雨。注意A:前肯后否,前否后肯。It is a fine day,isnt it?Birds cant swim,can they?B:附加简短问句的主语必须和陈述句的主语一致。Susan has a nice doll,doesnt she?C:附加简短问句的主语必须和陈述句的时态一致。My mother bought a new dress for me,didnt she?D:附加简短句如果是否定结构,必须用缩写形式。They are students,arent they
77、?6.祈使句定义:用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句.结构:A:以动词原形开头,主语通常省略,等同陈述句。Open the door.B:表示语气更加委婉、客气,通常在句首或句末 please.Turn off the TV,please.C:否定形式一般用 Dont+动词原形Dont be late for class.7.感叹句定义:用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈情感的句子,多用 how 或 what 引导。感叹句句末用问号。结构:A:由 how 引导的感叹句“how+形容词副词+主语+谓语”How beautiful the flowers are!B:由 what 引导的感
78、叹句“what+aan+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语”或“what+形容词+可数名词复数不可数名词+主语+谓语”What a beautiful flower it is.What beautiful flowers they are.338.There be 句型:定义:表示在某地有某人或某物的句型。There are 50 students in our class.结构:A:肯定式:There be+名词+时间地点状语There is a book on the desk.There is some milk in the bottle.There are some flowers
79、in the garden.B:否定式:There be not+名词+时间地点状语There are not any flowers in the garden.C:疑问式:Be 动词提到句首且大写。Are there any flowers in the garden?注意A:There be 句型的谓语动词应坚持“就近一致”原则。There is a teacher and some students in our classroom.There are some students and a teacher in our classroom.B:there be 句型变成否定或疑问时,
80、some 要变成 any.Are there any students in the classroom?C:针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构:“How many+名次复数+are there+介词短语”How many books are there on the shelf?“How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语”How much water is there in the glass?句型结构口诀:There be 句型不一般,主语跟在 be 后边。Be 可分为 is、are,there 永远不变化单数主语用 is,复数主语它用 are.变疑问很简单,be 需大写来
81、提前,变否定也轻松,be 后 not 记心中肯定句中用 some,否定疑问用 any.时间地点是状语,句子首尾任你选。9.havehas 的用法定义:表示某人或某物“拥有”什么东西,强调“所属关系”,而且某人某物作为句子的主语。I have a football.34用法:A:第三人称单数后面用 has.He has a football.B:有时可与 there be 句型通用。The classroom has ten chairs.=There are ten chairs in the classroom.注意A:have+一日三餐名词,译为“用餐、吃饭”I usually have
82、breakfast at 7 oclock.B:have+食品、饮料等名词,译为“吃、喝”Would you like to have a cup of tea?C:have+某种活动,译为“上、举办”have a class have a party 第十三章情景交际一、问候及应答1.初次见面的问候语:-How do you do?你好!-How do you do?你好!-NiceGladPleased to seemeet you.很高兴见到你。-NiceGladPleased to seemeet you,too.也很高兴见到你。2.熟人之间的问候语:-Hello!Hi!你好!-Hel
83、lo!Hi!你好!-Good morning!Morning!早上好!-Good morning!Morning!早上好!-Good afternoon!下午好!-Good afternoon!下午好!-Good evening!晚上好!-Good evening!晚上好!-How are you?你好吗?-Im OK.Fine,thanksthank you.And youHow are you?我挺好,你呢?二、介绍:1.介绍自己的情况:35Im+姓名My name is+姓名I am a+职业I amcome from+国家.I am+国籍I study in+学校.I am in+班级
84、,年级2.介绍别人的情况:This is+姓名.HeShe is a+职业3.介绍某物或某地的情况:This is+物名地名三、告别及应答1.-Goodbye.Bye-bye.Bye.再见。-Goodbye.Bye-bye.Bye.再见。2.-See you later.See you then.See you.再见。-See you.再见。3.-See you soon.一会儿见。-See you.再见。4.-See you tomorrow.明天见。-See you.再见。5.-Good night.晚安。-Good night.晚安。四、感谢及其应答:感谢常用语:1.Thanks.Tha
85、nk you.谢谢。2.Thank you very much.Thanks a lot.Many thanks.非常感谢。3.Thank you for your help.谢谢你的帮助。4.Thank you for helping me.谢谢你帮助我。5.Its very kindnice of you.你真是太好了。常用应答语:1.Youre welcome.不用谢。2.Not at all.别客气。3.Dont mention it.不必谢。4.Its all right.没关系。365.Thats all right.Thats OK.别客气。6.My pleasure.别客气。7
86、.Its my pleasure.这是我的荣幸。8.Its my pleasure to help you.帮助你是我的荣幸。9.Im glad you like it.我真高兴你喜欢他。五、道歉及其应答道歉常用语:1.Excuse me,please.请原谅。2.Sorry.Im sorry.对不起。3.Im very sorry.十分抱歉。4.Im sorry for about it.我对此感到抱歉。应答常用语:1.Thats all right.Thats OK.没关系。2.Thats nothing.没什么。3.It doesnt matter.不碍事。4.Never mind.别介
87、意。.六、请求及其应答常用请求语:1.May I?我可以吗?2.Can Could I?我能吗?3.Do Would you mind if I?如果我你介意吗?4.I wonder if I could?我想知道我是否能?5.Is it all right if I?如果我好吗?应答常用语:1.Yes.Sure.Certainly.Of course.是的。行当然可以。2.Yes,please.可以,请吧。3.Certainly not.Of course not.当然不会。4.Thats OK.Thats all right.行。好的。5.Not at all.没问题。6.Im afrai
88、d not.恐怕不行。7.Im sorry you cant.对不起,你不能。378.Youd better not.你最好不要。七、提供帮助及其应答提供帮助常用语:1.CanCouldShall I help you?我能帮助你吗?2.What can I do for you?我能为你做点什么?3.Is there anything I can do for you?有什么我能为你做的吗?4.Would you like some?你想要点吗?5.Let me docarryhelp for you.让我为你做为你搬帮你。应答常用语:1.Yes,please.好的,请吧。2.Thats v
89、ery kind of you.你真是太好了。3.Thanks.That would be finenice.谢谢。那太好了。4.No,thanks.No,thank you.不用,谢谢。5.No,thanks.I can manage it myself.不用,谢谢。我自己能行。6.Thank you all the same.仍然谢谢你。八天气询问天气常用语:1.Whats the weather like today?今天天气怎么样?2.Hows the weather?天气如何?3.WhatsHows the weather like in+地点?地方的天气怎么样?回答天气常用语:1.
90、Its cloudyfinerainywindy.是的阴天晴天雨天刮风天。2.Its a beautifulfine day today.今天是个好天气。3.Its getting coldwarm.天气渐渐冷了暖了。4.Its rather coldwarmhot today.今天天气相当寒冷暖和炎热。九、打电话1.Is that speaking?电话那边的是吗?2.This is speaking.我是。3.Hello!May CouldCan I speak to+人名?你好!我可以和说话吗?4.Hello!Is Inthere?喂!你好!在家吗?385.Id like to spea
91、k to.我找.6.Who is it that?你是谁?7.Who is that speaking?你是谁呀?8.Who is calling,please?请问你是谁?9.Hold on,please.Wait a moment,please.请稍等。10.Sorry,isnt here right now.不好意思,现在不在这。11.Can I leave a message?你能留个口信吗?12.Can Could I take a message for you?我可以替你传个口信吗?13.Would you like to leave a message?你想留个口信吗?14.G
92、oodbye.Bye.再见。十、购物询问常用语:1.CanMay I help you?需要我帮助吗?2.What can I do for you?你需要买什么?3.Anything I can do for you?有什么需要我帮忙的吗/4.What color sizekind would you like?你想要什么颜色尺码样式的?5.What How about this one?这个怎么样?6.What do you think this colorsizekind?你觉得这种颜色尺码样式怎么样?7.How manymuch do you want?你想要多少?8.How much
93、 is it are they?What prize is it are they?多少钱?9.Do you have any other colorssizeskinds?你还有其他的颜色尺码样式吗?回答常用语:1.May I see?我可以看一下吗?2.Im just looking.Just have a look.我只是随便看看。3.May I try it on?我可以试穿一下吗?4.It looks nicebeautiful.它看起来很漂亮。5.Its too smallbiglong for me.对于我来说它太小大长了。6.Its cheap expensive.它便宜贵了。
94、7.Sorry,its too expensive.对不起,它太贵了。8.Im afraid its too dear.我恐怕它太贵了。9.Well,Ill think about it.哦,我想想吧。3910.OK.Ill takehavebuy it.好的,我买它了。11.Id like to have this one.我买这个了。十一、就餐常用就餐语:1.What would you like to have?你想吃点什么?2.Would you like something to eat drink?你想要点吃喝的吗?3.Do you want some?你想要些 吗?4.Would
95、 you like some more?你想再要些吗?5.Help yourself to some.请随便吃点。6.Have some.吃些7.Id like someI want some.我想要些。8.Its Theyre delicious.味道好极了。9.Just a little,please.请来一点。10.Im fullIve had enough,thank you.我吃饱了,谢谢。十二、看病医生常用语:1.Whats wrong with you?Whats the matter with you?你怎么了?2.Are you feeling well?你感觉好吗?3.Ta
96、ke this medicine three times a day.这药一天吃三次。4.Drink plenty of water and have a rest.多喝水多休息。5.Nothing serious.Its nothing serious.不要紧。6.Youll be all rightwell soon.你很快就会好起来健康起来的。患者常用语:1.Theres something wrong with my+身体部位。我的感到不舒服。2.Ive got a headache and a cough.我头疼并且咳嗽。3.I feel terriblebad.我感到极不舒服。4.
97、I dont feel well.我感到不舒服。5.Ive got a pain here.我这儿疼。6.This place hurts.这儿疼。十三、问路与指路问路常用语:401.Excuse me.Wheres打扰了,请问在哪儿?2.Can Could you tell me the way to?你能告诉我去 的路吗?3.How can I get there?I dont know the way.我怎样才能到那儿?我不知道该走哪条路。4.How can I get to?我怎样才能到达?5.Do you know the way to?你知道去的路吗?指路常用语:1.Go down
98、 this streetroad.沿着这条街路走。2.Turn rightleft at the firstsecond crossing.在第一二个十字路口右左拐。3.Take bus No.12 and get off at the second stop.乘 12 路公共汽车第二站下车。4.Its about meters from here.离这儿大约米远。5.Go straight ahead till you see.直接朝前走,直到你看见。6.Sorry,I dont know.Sorry,I cant.对不起,我不知道。十四、时间、星期及日期询问时间及其应答:1.Whats t
99、he time,please?请问几点了?2.What time is it(now)?现在几点了?3.Its five oclockhalf past fivea quarter to six.询问星期及应答:1.-What day is it today?今天星期几?-Today is Sunday.询问日期及应答:1.-Whats the date today?今天是几月几日?-Its September 10th.第十四章英语教材英语单词名词归类一、学习用品(school things)bag 包 school bag 书包 pen 钢笔 pencil 铅笔ballpen 圆珠笔 pe
100、ncil-box 铅笔盒 crayon 蜡笔 ruler 尺子eraser/rubber 橡皮 sharpener 卷笔刀 postcard 明信片 book 书bookshelf 书架 notebook 笔记本 ink 墨水41Chinese book 语文书English book 英语书math book 数学书magazine 杂志paper 纸comic book 漫画书storybook 故事书dictionary 字典paper 纸newspaper 报纸二、学科名称(course)math 数学Chinese 语文English 英语music 音乐art 美术science
101、自然history 历史PE 体育Social Studies 社会课Moral Education 思想品德课三、人体(body)head 头hair 头发face 脸eye 眼睛nose 鼻子mouth 嘴lip 嘴唇tooth 牙齿tongue 舌头ear 耳朵neck 脖子shoulder 肩膀arm 胳膊hand 手finger 手指nail 指甲leg 腿knee 膝盖foot 脚toe 脚趾四、人物(people)father 父亲mother 母亲son 儿子daughter 女儿parents 父母brother 兄弟sister 姐妹friend 朋友boy 男孩girl
102、女孩man 男人woman 妇女baby 婴儿kid 小孩child 孩子neighbour 邻居lady 女士pen pal 笔友robot 机器人queen 女王classmate 同学principal 校长grandson(外)孙子granddaughter(外)孙女grandfather/grandpa(外)祖grandmother/grandma(外)祖母五、职业(job)teacher 教师student 学生doctor 医生nurse 护士42driver 司机farmer 农民singer 歌唱家writer 作家actor 男演员actress 女演员artist 画家r
103、eporter 记者engineer 工程师accountant 会计policeman 男警察policewoman 女警察cleaner 清洁工player 运动员assistant 助手fireman 消防员astronaut 宇航员milkman 送奶工人tourist 旅行家visitor 参观者worker 工人salesperson/salesman 销售员六、动物(animal)cat 猫kitten 小猫dog 狗puppy 小狗mouse 老鼠squirrel 松鼠kangaroo 袋鼠pig 猪rabbit 兔子duck 鸭子duckling 小鸭子swan 天鹅goos
104、e 鹅eagle 鹰hen 母鸡cock 公鸡chick 小鸡turkey 火鸡bird 鸟lamb 小羊sheep 绵羊goat 山羊cow 奶牛ox 公牛horse 马donkey 驴ant 蚂蚁butterfly 蝴蝶ladybird 瓢虫elephant 大象monkey 猴子gorilla 大猩猩bear 熊panda 熊猫lion 狮子tiger 老虎fox 狐狸zebra 斑马deer 鹿giraffe 长颈鹿snake 蛇frog 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪fish 鱼seal 海豹shark 鲨鱼sperm whale 抹香鲸killer whale 虎鲸squid 鱿鱼lob
105、ster 龙虾beaver 海狸七、食品、饮料(food and drink)rice 米饭bread 面包cake 蛋糕hot dog 热狗hamburger 汉堡cookie 曲奇饼biscuit 饼干noodles 面条egg 鸡蛋fish 鱼chicken 鸡肉meat 肉pork 猪肉mutton 羊肉beef 牛肉tofu 豆腐French fries 炸薯条soup 汤porridge 粥juice 果汁43orange juice 橙汁Coke 可乐water 水tea 茶milk 牛奶coffee 咖啡ice 冰ice cream 冰激凌salad 沙拉jam 果酱break
106、fast 早餐lunch 午餐supper 晚餐dinner 正餐八、水果、蔬菜(fruit and vegetables)apple 苹果pineapple 菠萝banana 香蕉pear 梨orange 橘子watermelon 西瓜grape 葡萄peach 桃strawberry 草莓lemon 柠檬durian 榴莲cucumber 黄瓜onion 洋葱carrot 胡萝卜cabbage 卷心菜taro 芋头eggplant 茄子green bean 青豆tomato 西红柿potato 土豆九、服装、鞋帽(clothing and shoes)coat 上衣jacket 夹克shi
107、rt 衬衫T-shirt T 恤衫sweater 毛衣skirt 短裙dress 连衣裙jeans 牛仔裤pants 长裤shorts 短裤socks 袜子shoes 鞋sneakers 运动鞋slippers 拖鞋sandals 凉鞋boots 靴子hat 帽子cap 鸭舌帽raincoat 雨衣tie 领带scarf 围巾gloves 手套mitt 露指手套十、颜色(colour)red 红色orange 橙色yellow 黄色green 绿色indigo 靛青色black 黑色blue 蓝色pink 粉红色purple 紫色brown 棕色,褐色grey 灰色white 白色十一、交通工
108、具(vehicles)bike 自行车motorcycle 摩托车bus 公共汽车car 小轿车taxi 出租车jeep 吉普车van 小货车、面包车train 火车44subway 地铁boat 小船ship 轮船yacht 快艇ferry 渡船plane 飞机十二、地点(places)country 国家village 乡村city 城市home 家house 房子room 房间bedroom 卧室study 书房bathroom 浴室washroom 卫生间living room 起居室kitchen 厨房garden 花园school 学校classroom 教室park 公园libr
109、ary 图书馆gym 体育馆art room 画室teachers room 老师办公室road 公路music room 音乐教室TV room 电视机房playground 操场canteen 食堂post office 邮局hospital 医院cinema 电影院flat 公寓company 公司factory 工厂farm 农场bookstore 书店fruit stand 水果摊pet shop 宠物商店nature park 自然公园theme park 主题公园zoo 动物园science museum 自然博物馆sky 天空the Great Wall 长城supermark
110、et 超市bank 银行Palace Museum 故宫博物馆river 河lake 湖stream 溪流forest 森林path 小道bridge 桥building 建筑物十三、家、城市(countries and cities)America 美国Australia 澳大利亚Canada 加拿大China 中国England 英国Cairo 开罗London 伦敦Moscow 莫斯科New York 纽约Sydney 悉尼CAN 加拿大PRC 中国UK 英国USA 美国十四、气候、季节、景物(climate,season and nature)weather 天气spring 春天su
111、mmer 夏autumn/fall 秋天winter 冬天rain 雨cloud 云weather report 天气预报sun 太阳mountain 山rainbow 彩虹wind 风air 空气flower 花grass 草45十五、方位(directions)east 东west 西south 南north 北southeast 东南northeast 东北southwest 西南northwest 西北left 左right 右middle 中间front 前面back 后面十六、星期(week)Weekday 工作日Monday 星期一Tuesday 星期二Wednesday 星期三
112、Thursday 星期四Friday 星期五Saturday 星期六Sunday 星期日weekend 周末十七、月份(months)January/Jan.一月February/Feb.二月March/Mar.三月April/Apr.四月May 五月June/Jun.六月July/Jul.七月August/Aug.八月September/Sep.九月October/Oct.十月November/Nov.十一月December/Dec.十二月十八、其他(others)window 窗户door 门desk 课桌chair 椅子bed 床computer 电脑board 木板fan 风扇ligh
113、t 灯teachers desk 讲桌picture 图片wall 墙mirror 镜子football 足球present 礼物floor 地板curtain 窗帘trash can 垃圾桶closet 壁橱walkman 随身听lamp 台灯phone 电话sofa 沙发shelf 书架fridge 冰箱table 桌子TV 电视air-conditioner 空调key 钥匙lock 锁photo 照片chart 图表plate 盘子knife 小刀fork 叉spoon 勺46chopsticks 筷子pot 锅gift 礼物toy 玩具doll 洋娃娃ball 球balloon 气球
114、kite 风筝box 盒子umbrella 雨伞zipper 拉链jigsaw puzzle 拼图游戏violin 小提琴yo-yo 溜溜球nest 鸟窝hole 洞tube 管子toothbrush 牙刷menu 菜单e-card 电子卡片e-mail 电子邮件traffic light 交通灯money 钱medicine 药十九、体育运动(sports)diving 跳水gym 体操hand ring 吊环parallel bars 双杠uneven bars 高低杠horse racing 赛马track events 竞赛pole jump 撑杆跳高shot put 铅球hammer
115、 throw 链球relay race 接力basketball 篮球table tennis 乒乓球baseball 棒球speed skating 速度滑冰skiing 滑雪surfing 冲浪hockey 曲棍球cricket 板球cycle racing 自行车竞赛buck 鞍马platform diving 跳台跳水 bounding table 蹦床horizontal bar 单杠balance beam 平衡木floor exercise 自由体操field events 田赛high jump 跳高long/broad jump 跳远javelin throw 标枪discu
116、s throw 铁饼ice hockey 冰球football/soccer 足球volleyball 排球tennis 网球figure skating 花样滑冰softball 垒球water-skiing 滑水swimming 游泳golf 高尔夫球Marathon(race)马拉松赛跑artistic gymnastics 艺术体操p,step and jump 三级跳远二十、英语国家中最常见的饮料和食品名称可口可乐 coca cola 雪碧 sprite 橙汁 orange juice 矿泉水 mineral water 红茶 black tea 绿茶 green tea 柚子茶 g
117、rapefruit juice 冰激凌 ice cream 热狗 hot dog 薯条 French fries 蒜蓉面 garlic bread 玉米花 popcorn 三明治 sandwich 煎蛋 omelet te 奶昔 milk shake 烤热狗肠 roasted hot dog sausage 炸鸡翅 fried chicken wings 炸鸡 fried chicken nuggets炸鸡腿 fried chicken legs 西冷牛排 sirloin steak 烧烤串 BBQ sticks 圣代 sundae 意大利千层面 lasagna 意大利面 spaghetti
118、47第十五章常用词归纳一、常见缩略词归纳:1.系动词、助动词与副词的缩写is not =isnt are not=arent do not=dont does not doesnt have not=havent has not=hasntcan not=cant will not=wont2.代词与系动词的缩写I am=Im you are=youre she is=shes he s=hes it is=its they are=theyrewe are=were that is=thats3.疑问词与系动词的缩写who is=whos when is=whens where is=whe
119、reswhat is=whats how is=hows 二、反义词的归纳:1.名词:day(白天)night(夜晚)boy(男孩)girl(女孩)man(男人)woman(女人)cock(公鸡)hen(母鸡)2.动词:come(来)go(去)cry (哭)laugh(笑)open(开)close(关)start(开始)stop(停止)borrow(借来)return(归还)bring(带来)take(拿走)ask(问)answer(答)learn(学习)teach(教)pull(拉)push(推)find(发现)lose(丢失)buy(买)sell(卖)leave(离开)stay(留下)lo
120、ve(爱、喜欢)hate(恨、讨厌)sit(坐)stand(站)forget(忘记)remember(记得)3.副词:here(这儿)there(那儿)always(总是)never(从不)yes(是)no(不)484.介词:in(里面)out(外面)inside(在里面)outside(在外面)up(向上)down(向下)over(在上面)under(在下面)at first(首先)at last(最后)after(在后面)before(在前面)above(在上方)below(在下方)5.形容词:big (大的)little(小的)black(黑色的)white(白色的)bad(坏的)goo
121、d(好的)beautiful(漂亮的)ugly(丑陋的)busy(忙的)free(闲的)cold(冷的)hot(热的)cool(凉爽的)warm(暖和的)clean(干净的)dirty(脏的)clever(聪明的)stupid(愚蠢的)dark(黑暗的)bright(明亮的)safe(安全的)dangerous(危险的)east(东边)west(西边)easy(容易的)difficult(困难的)far(远的)near(近的)fast(快的)slow(慢的)fat(胖的)thin(瘦的)glad(高兴的)sad(悲伤的)hard(坚硬的)soft(柔软的)inside(在里面)outside(
122、在外面)late(迟的)early(早的)left(左边的)right(右边的)small(小的)large(大的)light(轻的)heavy(重的)long(长的)short(短的)more(更多)less(更少)new(新的)old(旧的)old(老的)young(年轻的)poor(贫穷的)rich(富有的)quick(快的)slow(慢的)quiet(安静的)noisy(吵闹的)right(正确的)wrong(错误的)right(右边的)left(左边的)same(相同的)different(不同的)strong(强壮的)weak(虚弱的)tall(高的)short(矮的)thick(
123、厚的)thin(薄的)this(这个)that(那个)these(这些)those(那些)worse(更糟的)better(更好的)三、近义词的归纳:toilet WC(厕所)listen hear(听)class lesson(课)everybody everyone(每人)glass cup(杯子)large big(大的)glad happy(高兴)like love (喜欢)little small(小的)photo picture(相片)purse wallet(钱包)start begin 49(开始)home house(房子)learn study(学习)beautiful p
124、retty(漂亮)look see(看)cycle bike(自行车)near beside(附近)hi hello(你好)quick fast (快的)garden park(公园)desk table(桌子)usually often always(经常)speak say talk(说)a lot of lots of many(许多)river lake(河、湖)go home come home(回家)a moment agojust now(刚刚)be good at do well in(擅长于)be from come from(来自于)take a bus by bus(坐公
125、汽)would like want(想要)look for find(寻找)take a walk go for a walk(散步)of course sure certainly(当然)四、同音词归纳:B bee be no know C see sea hi high I eye for four R are son sun T tea our hour U you pair pear Y why here hear to two too there their bybuybye right write red read(过去式)arent aunt new knew(过去式)fathe
126、r farther blue blew(过去式)whos whose第十六章小学生四会句子一、四年级下册1.现在几点钟?What time is it?2.现在九点钟。Its 9 oclock.3.该是上学的时候了。50Its time to go to school.4.该是上英语课的时候了。Its time for English class.5.这是我们的教室。This is our classroom.6.那是教师办公室。That is teachers office.7.这是一台电脑吗?是的。Is this a computer?Yes,it is.8.那是一匹马吗?不,它不是。Is
127、 that a horse?No.it isnt.9.它是什么颜色?它是绿色。What colour is it?Its green.10.它们是什么颜色?它们是黑白色。What colour are they?They are black and white.11.它卖多少钱?八元。How much is it?Its 8 yuan.12.它们卖多少钱?八元。How much are they?They are 8 yuan.13.这是什么?是一个洋葱。Whats this?Its an onion.14.那些是什么?是猪。What are those?They are pigs.15.有多
128、少只绵羊?十五只。How many sheep are there?There are 15.16.它们是黄瓜吗?不是,它们不是。Are they cucumbers?No,they arent.17.今天天气晴朗。51Its sunny today.18.今天寒冷吗?是的。Is it cold today?Yes,it is.19.让我们一起踢足球吧。Lets play football.二、五年级上册1.谁是你的英语老师?Who is your English teacher?2.他长得怎么样?他高而强壮。Whats he like?Hes tall and strong.3.她很安静吗?
129、不,她很活跃的。Is she quiet?No,she isnt.Shes very active.4.他很严格吗?是的,但他很和蔼。Is he strict?Yes,he is.But hes very kind.5.今天星期几?星期二。What day is it today?Its Tuesday.6.我们有科学和数学课。We have science and maths.7.星期六你干些什么?What do you do on Saturday?8.我看电视做作业。I watch TV and do homework.9.你怎么样?我也做作业。What about you?I do m
130、y homework,too.10.星期二你们有什么课?What do you have on Tuesday.11.星期一你们午饭吃什么?What do you have for lunch on Monday?5212.我们吃西红柿,土豆和鱼。We have tomatoes,potatoes and fish.13.你最喜欢的水果是什么?Whats your favourite fruit?14.我喜欢苹果,它们甜甜的。I like apples,they are sweet.15.我喜欢水果,但我不喜欢葡萄,它们酸酸的。I like fruits,but I dont like gra
131、pes,theyre sour.16.你会干什么?我会做饭。What can you do?I can cook the meals.17.你会铺床吗?不,我不会。Can you make the bed?No,I cant.18.我房间里有一面镜子,两把椅子和一个大衣橱。There is a mirror,two chairs and a big closet in my room.19.我家里有两间卧室,一间厨房和一间客厅。There are two bedrooms,a kitchen and a living room.20.衣橱在桌子旁边。The closet is near the
132、 table.21.公园里面有一个森林吗?是的,有。Is there a forest in the park?Yes,there is.22.山里有鱼吗?不,没有。Are there any fish in the mountains?No,there arent.三、五年级下册1.你周末做些什么?What do you do on weekends?2.通常我看电视和购物。有时候我拜访我的外祖父母。Usually I watch TV and go shopping.Sometimes I visit my grandparents.3.你什么时候吃午饭?53When do you eat
133、 lunch?4.我吃午饭在晚上 7 点。I eat lunch at 7 in the evening.5.我通常在中午 12 点起床。I usually get up at 12 at noon.6.你最喜欢哪个季节?我最喜欢冬天。Which season do you like best?I like winter best.7.你为什么喜欢冬天?因为我能够睡很长时间。Why do you like winter?Because I can sleep for a long time.8.夏天是好的,但是我最喜欢的季节是秋天。Summer is good,but fall is my f
134、avourite season.9.你的生日是什么时候?是在五月。When is your birthday?Its in May.10.几月几号?五月一号。Whats the date?Its May 1st.11.我的生日是在六月。比尔叔叔的生日也是在六月。My birthday is in June.Uncle Bills birthday is in June,too.12.他的生日是在八月吗?是的。Is her birthday in August?Yes,it is.13.我是张鹏。(打电话用语)This is Zhang Peng.14.你在做什么?我正在洗碗。What are
135、you doing?Im doing the dishes.15.爷爷正在写信。哥哥正在做作业。Grandpa is writing letters.Brother is doing homework.16.妈妈正在厨房做饭。Mother is cooking dinner in the kitchen.17.它正在做什么?它正在吃香蕉。54What is it doing?Its eating bananas.18.他们正在做什么?他们正在游泳。What are they doing?They are swimming.19.她正在做什么?她正在跳。What is she doing?She
136、s jumping.20.他们正在爬树。They are climbing trees.21.你们正在吃午饭吗?是的。Are you eating lunch?Yes,we are.22.他正在下棋吗?不,他没有。Is he playing chess?No,he isnt.六年级上册1.你是怎样去上学的?How do you go to school?2.通常我走路去上学。I usually go to school on foot.3.有时候我骑自行车去。Sometimes I go by bike.4.我怎样能到达中山公园?How can I go to Zhongshan Park?5
137、.你可以乘十五路车去。You can go by the No.15bus.6.电影院在哪里?Where is the cinema?7.它在医院隔壁。Its next to the hospital.8.在电影院往左拐,然后直走。它就在左边。Turn left at the cinema,then go straight.Its on the right.559.周末你打算去干什么?What are you going to do on the weekend.10.我打算去书店。I am going to the bookstore.11.你打算去买什么?What are you goin
138、g to buy?12.我打算去买一本漫画书。Im going to buy a comic book.13.你的爱好是什么?Whats your hobby?14.我喜欢集邮。I like collecting stamps.15.她教英语吗?不,她不教。Does she teach English?No,she doesnt.16.他教数学吗?是的,他教。Does he teach math?Yes,he does.17.你妈妈是做什么的?What does your mother do?18.她是一名电视台记者。She is a TV reporter.19.她在哪里工作?Where d
139、oes she work?20.她怎样去工作?How does she go to work?21.雨来自哪里?Where does the rain come from?22.它来自云。It comes from the cloud.5623.你怎么做呢?How do you do that?24.然后你应该做什么?What should you do then?六年级下册1.你多高?我 164 厘米高。How tall are you?Im 164 cm tall.2.你比我矮。You are shorter than me.3.你多重?我 48 公斤。How heavy are you?
140、Im 48 kg.4.我比你瘦,又矮。Im thinner than you,and shorter.5.怎么啦?Whats the matter?6.我的喉咙痛。鼻子疼。My throat is sore.My nose hurts.7.刘云,你怎么样?你看起来真高兴。How are you,Liu Yun?You look so happy.8.你今天看起来很伤心。You look sad today.9.上周末你做了什么?What did you do last weekend?10.我在踢足球。I played football.11.你看书了吗?是的,我看了。/不,我没看。Did y
141、ou read books?Yes,I did./No,I didnt.12.假期里你去过哪里?我去了新疆。57Where did you go on your holiday?I went to Xinjiang.13.你怎样去那里的?我乘火车去的。How did you go there?I went by train.第八部分小学英语常用词组a bit(of)有点a few 少量,一些a kind of 一种a little 少许,一点a lot of 许多,大量a pair of 一双,一对a piece of 一片,一张after school 放学后all around 到处all
142、 over 遍及all right 好吧all the time 总是,一直as soon as 一就ask for 请求at first 起初,开始at last 最后,最终at home 在家at once 马上,立刻be afraid of 对感到害怕be angry with sb 对某人感到生气be different from 和不同be fond of 喜欢be good at 擅长于be interested in 对感兴趣be proud of 为感到自豪borrow sth from sb 向某人借某物by bus(bike)乘坐 by the way 顺便问一下call
143、back 给回电话call for 号召,提倡call on 拜访care for 喜欢、照顾catch a cold 患感冒cheer up 欢呼、振作come back 回来come from 来自于come in 进来come out 出来、露出do ones best 尽某人最大的努力 do some shopping 买东西each other 相互enjoy oneself 玩的开心excuse me 请原谅fall asleep 入睡find out 找出、查明fly away 飘走for ever 永远for example 例如58get back 返回get in 进入ge
144、t on 上车get off 下车get up 起床get to 到达get home 到家go on 继续go over 复习,仔细读go shopping 去购物go to bed 睡觉go to school 上学go to sleep 入睡go to the cinemamovie 去看电影go to work 去工作had better do 最好hand in 上交have a classlesson 上课have a cold 伤风have a fever 发烧have a headache 头疼have a good time 玩得开心have a rest 休息have a
145、try 试一试have breakfast 吃早饭have no idea 不知道have to 必须,不得不hear of 听说hear from 收到某人的来信help sb with sth 在某方面帮助某人here you are 给你hold on 等等,别挂断hurry up 快点in a hurry 匆忙in a minute 一会儿in bad 卧床in fact 事实上,实际上in front of 在前部in hospital 住院in order to 为了in the end 最后in the future 在将来in the middle of 在中间in time
146、及时just a minute 等一下just now 刚才laugh at 嘲笑let me see 让我想想listen to 听 live on 靠为生look after 照顾、照料look at 看look for 寻找look out 当心、注意look up 查找lose ones way 迷路59make up ones mind 下定决心no problem 没问题of course 当然on duty 值日、值班out of 往外over there 在那边right now 立刻、马上see sb home 送某人回家see sb to the station 送某人去车
147、站 sports meeting 运动会stay in bed 卧床休息stay up 不熬夜take away 拿走take care of 照顾、照料take off 脱下take part in 参加take place 发生、举行try on 试穿turn on 打开turn off 关闭wait for 等待wake up 叫醒welcome to 欢迎到 work out 算出、制定出write down 写下、记下附录:不规则动词变化表:现在式(present form)过去式(past form)过去分词(past participle)A-B-B 型say said said
148、 layLaidlaidpayPaidpaidsell sold sold tellToldtoldcatch caught caught teachtaughttaughtfight fought fought buyboughtboughtbringbroughtbroughtthinkthoughtthoughtseeksoughtsought60have/has had had hearHeardheardmakeMademadebuildBuiltbuiltlearnlearned/learntlearned/learntlend lent/learned lent/learned
149、sendSentsentspendSpentspentsit sat sat getGotgot/gottenshootShotshotloseLostlostwinWonwonshineShone/shinedshone/shinedsmell Smelt smelt spellSpeltspeltholdHeldheldfeel felt felt keepKeptkeptsleepSleptsleptsweepsweptsweptmeet met met leave left left mean meant meant stand Stood stood understandunders
150、toodunderstoodfind/found found/founded found/founded A-B-A 型run ran run comeCamecome61becomebecamebecomeA-B-C 型sing Sang sung ringRangrungdrinkDrankdrunkbeginBeganbegunswimSwamswumspeak spoke spoken breakBrokebrokenchooseChosechosenbite bit bitten hideHidhiddenbear Bore born wearWorewornrise rose ri
151、sen driveDrovedrivenrideRoderiddenwriteWrotewrittentake took taken know Knew known growGrewgrownthrowThrewthrownflyFlewflowngo Went gone doDiddonegiveGavegivenforgiveforgaveforgivenforgetforgotforgottenseeSawseeneatAteeaten62fallFellfallenlielay/liedlain/liedshowshowedshownbe(am,is,are)was,were been
152、 A-A-A 型costCostcosthitHithithurtHurthurtletLetletreadReadreadA-B-型(变化不完全的)shallshould-willwould-canCould-mayMight-动词的规则变化现在式(present form)过去式(past form)过去分词(past participle)playplayedplayedworkworkedworkedwantwantedwantedendEndedendedthankthankedthankedlikeLikedlikedliveLivedlivedagreeagreedagreed辅
153、音+yi+edcrycriedcriedtryTriedtriedcarrycarriedcarriedmarrymarriedmarried63studystudiedstudiedsatisfysatisfiedsatisfied元音+yyedplayplayedplayedstaystayedstayedenjoyenjoyedenjoyed双写最后一个字母+edshopshoppedshoppedbegbeggedbeggedrobrobbedrobbedplanplannedplannedstopstoppedstoppedpreferpreferredpreferredtraveltravelled(英)/traveled(美)travelled/traveled64