1、2013高考英语阅读理解指导及训练（3）答案-地理A The Earths axis(轴) is an imaginary line that runs through the middle of the Earth from the North Pole to the South Pole. The axis of the earth is tilted (倾斜) about 23.5 degrees. This tilt of the earth results in our seasons. In June, the Northern Hemisphere (半球) is tilted
2、toward the sun, so the people in the Northern Hemisphere have longer and warmer days. The days are shorter and colder in the Southern Hemisphere in June, because the Earth is tilted away from the sun. The days start getting shorter in the Northern Hemisphere and longer in the Southern Hemisphere aft
3、er about June 21. This is the first day of summer in the Northern Hemisphere and the first day of winter in the southern hemisphere. Daytime lasts exactly as long as nighttime on the first day of autumn (about September 21) and the first day of spring (about March 21). The first day of winter in the
4、 Northern Hemisphere, usually December 21, is the shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere and the longest day of the year in the Southern Hemisphere. The days are longer in summer and shorter in winter the further you move from the equator. Its generally dark on a summer night in Florida
5、 by 8:30 p.m., but in Vermont, there will still be some light at 10:00 p.m. The situation is reversed in winter, where the sun will go down in 3. According to the passage, we can infer that . A. in the Northern Hemisphere, the more northern, the longer daytime in summer B. in the Southern Hemisphere
6、, the more northern, the shorter daytime in winter C. Florida is further to the equator than Vermont D. In China, Changchuns daytime in winter is longer than that of Guangzhou4. Northern Alaska gets the name “Land of the Midnight Sun” because _. A. it is always daytime during the summer months B. it
7、 is located in the center of the Earth C. it is located on the equator of the Earth D. only at midnight can people there see the sun5. If we want to make science research in Antarctica, we may choose the following months EXCEPT _. A. December B. January C. February D. June B In early times Europeans
8、 did not know Australia was there. But they thought there must be land in the south of the world. So, about 500 years ago, on their maps of the world, they put it in a big southern continent. In those days they wrote in Latin instead of their own languages. The name they gave to this unknown contine
9、nt was in Latin. It was Term Austmha. In English this is Unknown Southern Land. So when the British found this land, they called it Australia.But the British were not the first Europeans to find Australia. Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch sailors all saw it earlier. That was at the beginning of the 17t
10、h century . The Dutchman Willem JansToon was actually the very first European to find the coast of north Australia. The Dutch had already named the islands Indonesia. They wanted the spices that grow there. In 1606, Janszoon sailed south to look for more spice islands. He did not find any, but he fo
11、und Australia. There were no spices there, so he was not interested in it. Spanish and Portuguese sailors followed him. They sailed along the north and west coasts. They also did not think much of this new land. The Dutch called it New Holland, after their own country. The British and French followe
12、d the Dutch. The first British sailors to come to Australia also did not think much of it. That was in 1688.So at first none of the Europeans were interested in this new discovery. But 70 years later the British Government became interested in it. They were afraid the French would take the new land.
13、 So they sent Captain James Cook in his small ship to get there first.I. Europeans discovered Australia _ A. 500 years ago B. in 1606 C. in 1688 D. about 200 years ago2. The new land was named Australia by _ A. the Portuguese B. the British C. the Spanish D. the Dutch 3. Britain took Australia becau
14、se _.A. it was a large continent B. no other countries wanted to take itC. the Dutch had taken the islands Indonesia D. it did not want to let France get it4. Put the following events in order according to the passage.a. Captain James Cook was sent to Australia.b. The Dutchman Willem Janszoon found
15、Austrlia.c. the first British sailors did not think much of Australia. d. Spanish and Portuguese sailors found Australia.e. The British Government became interested in it.A. a-c-d-b-e B. b-d-c-e-a C. e-d-a-c-b D. d-e-b-a-c5.What is the best title for this passage?A. How did Australia get its name? B
16、. The discovery of Australia.C. Why did Britain take Australia? D. The unknown Southern Land. northern Alaska never sees the sun while it continues to light the sky at night in Antarctica.可知在6月，南极出现夜长，昼短甚至极夜的状况。因此，6月去南极考查是不合适的。B篇：1. B。从第二段“This was at the beginning of the 17th century. The Dutchman
17、Willem Janszoon was actually the very first European to find the coast of north Australia.”可找到答案。2. B。答案在“In English this is Unknown Southern Land. So when the British found this land, they called it Australia.”中。3. D。从最后一段中的“They were afraid the French would take the new land. So they sent Captain
18、James Cook in his small ship to get there first”可知道答案。4. B。B项的顺序符合, 短文的内容。5. B。文章讲述Australia的发现过程，B项能很好地概括短文的内容。黄金表达Worse, in Manhattan there is always someone who leaves before the bill arrives.情况更糟的是，在曼哈顿，在结帐前总是有某个要离开的人。With 97% of the worlds water too salty to be drunk or be drunk or used in agri
19、culture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture.由于世界水的97太咸不能引用，也不能用在农业上，因此全球水的供应，尤其是农业，需要仔细认真的管理。Although the idea of a water shortage(短缺)seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the worlds agricultural industrie
20、s experience constant water shortages .尽管对于那些很幸运的生活由足够降雨量的地区的人们来说，缺水这个概念很陌生，但是在全球有很多的农业国家经历真持续不断的供水短缺。The situation is reversed in winter, where the sun will go down in Vermont by 3:45 p.m. while there remains light in Florida until 5:15 p.m. 这种情形在冬天正好相反，在佛特蒙州到下午3点45分太阳就开始下山了，而在佛罗里达州知道5点15还是很亮的。Here
21、 nature created a lot of surprising, almost like the sights on the moon, ever-changing as the frequent wind moves the sand about, showing the most unusual colors.这儿的大自然创造除了几*结束*结束Words：318难度系数：建议用时：9分钟The treadle pump is based on a design developed in the 1970s by Norwegian engineer Gunnar Barnes.It
22、 can be made locally.The treadle pump is easy to build from bamboo or other wood and has two metal cylinders (圆筒) with pistons (活塞)The pistons go up and down as a person stands on lever devicestreadles，and uses a natural walking motion.How many hours a day the pump needs to be operated depends on th
23、e season and how much water is needed for crops.It could be two hours a day.It could be seven hours a day.Small children sometimes stand with their parents on the treadles.Everyone in the family can take turns operating the pump.The Acumen Fund is a nonprofit group that invests in business projects
24、to fight poverty.It studied the effects of treadle pumps in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.Uttar Pradesh has three treadle pump manufacturers and more than seventythree thousand pumps.Acumen reported that families using them ate more vegetables，because they were able to grow more to eat and to se
25、ll.Many of these families also drank more milk，because they bought a cow with their added earnings.Men with treadle pumps often no longer have to leave the farm to seek extra work in cities.The pump can also improve education.Farmers often use their extra earnings to buy books for their children or
26、to pay for schooling.A farmer in Zambia said he hoped to have enough money in three years to buy a dieselpowered pump (柴油泵)Then he could grow more crops over a larger area.But the world economic crisis has had an effect on some farmers.IDE executive director Zenia Tata says some who were able to buy
27、 diesel pumps now do not have enough money to buy fuel.So they are using their treadle pumps again.【解题导语】脚踏泵因其简单、易行、实用之特点在世界的广大贫困地区得以推广。它在帮助农民脱贫致富方面显示了独特的作用。13The treadle pump_.Ais invented by an American engineerBis mainly made of metalCconsists of two cylinders with pistonsDconsists of two cylinde
28、rs with an engine解析：选C。事实细节题。根据第二段第一句可知答案为C。14It can be inferred from the passage that _.Ait is easy to learn how to operate the treadle pumpBit is difficult to build a treadle pumpCthe treadle pump is used more in winter than in summerDoperating the treadle pump can keep fit解析：选A。推理判断题。易错选D，但文中没有依据
29、，无法推知。根据第四段，小孩也可帮忙，家庭中每个人都可参与，可推知选A。15Each treadle pump manufacturer in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh has produced on average about _.A18,000 pumps B24,000 pumpsC37,000 pumps D73,000 pumps解析：选B。数据推算题。根据第五段第三句可知，该州共三家生产商，共有七万三千多架脚踏泵，平均每家生产两万四千架左右，故选B。16Why does the farmer in Zambia hope to buy a dieselpowered pump?ABecause he wants to grow crops on a larger scale.BBecause he hates to leave the farm to seek fortune in cities.CBecause a dieselpowered pump is cheaper than before.DBecause oil is much cheaper than before.解析：选A。事实细节题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知答案。
