1、2015河南省晋州市高考英语阅读理解一轮统练（9）及答案阅读理解-AToo much TV-watching can harm childrens ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children. One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California
2、 third-graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs. A second study ,looking at nearly 1000 grown-ups in New Zealand, found lower education levels among 26-year olds who had watched lots of TV during child
3、hood. But the results dont prove that TV is the cause and dont ride out that already poorly motivated youngsters (年轻人)may watch lots of TV. Their study measured the TV habits of 26-year-olds between ages5 and 15. These with college degrees had watch an average of less than two hours of TV per week n
4、ight during childhood, compared with an average of more than 2 1/2 hours for those who had no education beyond high school. In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest
5、. While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores, it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldnt have TVs in their bedrooms. ( ) 1. According to the California study, the low-scoring group might _. A. have watched a lot of TV B. not be interested ted in math C.
6、 be unable to go to college D. have had computers in their bedrooms ( ) 2. What is the researchers understanding of the New Zealand study results? A. Poorly motivated 26-year-olds watch more TV. B. Habits of TV watching reduce learning interest. C. TV watching leads to lower education levels of the
7、15-year-olds. D. The connection between TV and education levels is difficult to explain ( ) 3. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A. More time should be spent on computers. B. Children should be forbidden from watching TV. C. IV sets shouldnt be allowed in childrens bedrooms. D. Further
8、 studies on high-achieving students should be done. ( ) 4. What would be the best title for this text? A. Computers or Television B. Effects of Television on Children C. Studies on TV and College EducationD. Television and Childrens Learning Habits 1. A.细节理解题.根据第二段中 Those with TVs in their bedrooms
9、scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs.可得出答案. 2. D. 细节理解题. 根据第三段 But the results don prove that TV is the cause and dont ride t out that already poorly motivated youngsters (年轻人)may watch lots of TV.可以确定答案. 3. C.推理判断题.注意最后一段开头的 while 是尽管的意思,
10、所以这两段都是围绕儿 童卧室不应该放电视机的问题. 4. B.主旨大意题.通读全文可知,文章主要通过两项研究分析了儿童看电视所造成的 影响.文章第一段第一句话是主题句,所以 B 项作为标题是最佳的。Passage Two (The Tourist Trade Contributes Absolutely Nothing to Increasing Understanding between Nations) The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, youd expect greater understandin
11、g to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each others countries at a moderate cost. What was once the grand tour, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybodys grasp? The package t
12、our and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldnt have dreamed of. But whats the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each othe
13、r? Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he eats his international
14、 food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off
15、on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaire: are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu.
16、Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips. The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We dont see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe
17、they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the pe
18、oples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites of that Lat
19、in peoples shout a lot. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you? Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generaliza
20、tions stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic facthow trite it sounds! That all people are human. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.1.The best title for this passage is A tourism contributes nothing to increasing understanding between nations.Tourism is tiresom
21、e.C Conducted tour is dull.D tourism really does something to ones country.2.What is the authors attitude toward tourism?A apprehensive.negative.C critical.D appreciative.3.Which word in the following is the best to summarize Latin people shout a lot?A silent.noisy.C lively.D active.4.The purpose of
22、 the authors criticism is to point outA conducted tour is disappointing.the way of touring should be changed.C when traveling, you notice characteristics which confirm preconception.D national stereotypes should be changed.5.What is grand tour now?A moderate cost.local sight-seeing is investigated b
23、y the tourist organization.C people enjoy the first-rate comforts.D everybody can enjoy the grand tour.Vocabulary1.superb 卓越的，杰出的，第一流的2.moderate 中庸的，中等的，适度的3.grand tour 大旅行，指旧时英国富家子弟教育中， 到欧洲大陆观光的旅行，为学业必经阶段。4.package tour 由旅行社代办而费用与路线、 日程固定的假日旅游。也可用package holiday。5.chartered flight 包机航班6.set out to
24、do sth. = begin a job with a particular aim开始做某事， 决心/打算做7.cosset 宠爱，溺爱，纵容8.conducted tour = guided tour 有人指导/引到下的参观，有导游的旅游 9.censor 检查10.wander off 离开原处/正道，离群，漫步，漫游11.quarters 住处，营12.paella 西班牙什锦饭13.chip 炸马铃薯条（土豆条）14.amorous 多情的，色情的15.pedantic 学究式的，卖弄学问的16.generalization 归纳，概括17.stir up 惹起，煽动，挑起18.t
25、rite 陈腐的，老一套的难句译注1.What was once the grand tour, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybodys grasp.【结构简析】within sb.s grasp.某人理解/了解，为某人所能抓到的。【参考译文】一度只有最富有者专享的“大旅行”现在人人都可获得。2.The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at.【参考译文】旅行社包办的旅游，包机航班决不会遭人耻笑。3.They deliberately se
26、t out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population.【参考译文】旅行社有意使他们的谷底和当地居民少接触。4.The modern tourist heads a cosseted sheltered life.【参考译文】现代旅行者过的使爱护有加与世隔绝的生活。5.Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored.【参考译文】有人指导下参观一些静电收到组织者旅行社仔细的检查核准。6.A strict schedule
27、makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way.【结构简析】only too + 形容词/分词 = very非常。【参考译文】严格致密的计划值得旅行者不可能自己一个人到处闲逛；再说，至少语言总是个障碍，所以他对这样保护非常高兴。7.At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kin
28、d of colonization.【结构简析】at ones worst 在情况最坏的时候。【参考译文】最糟的时候，这种保护会导致形成一种新型而又可怕的殖民现象。8.Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous.【结构简析】carried to an extreme (to an excess )如果做得过分。【参考译文】如果走向极端，模式化的想法会非常危险。9.Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact.【参
29、考译文】野蛮（乱七八糟）的概括/归纳会激起种族仇恨，使我们对这基本事实视而不见。写作方法与文章大意文章主要采用因果写法。虽然旅游业发展，人们可享受以前只有最富有者享受的大旅游，但由于旅行社种种限制/呵护及其它，使旅游者难以和当地居民接触。陈旧的固定的想对民族的模式化想法，只有通过接触才能接触模式。而旅行社的种种都使人相互难以理解。答案详解1.A 旅游对增进民族了解毫无建树。第二段开始点出，许多旅游组织直接负责旅游事宜，他们有意识不让旅游者接触当地居民，让他们过着一种关怀备至又与世隔绝的生活。住的是国际饭店，吃的是国际食品，喝的是国际饮料，在原处观看当地居民。严格有序的计划使旅游者难以自己一人闲
30、逛，语言的障碍，又使他们乐意接受保护。第三段涉及坚持民族模式化老一套的想法，所以一开始旅游，你见到的民族特性就只是证实了你自己设想的基本事实所有人民都是人类。只有交朋友才能知道民族模式是多么荒谬、有害，可是旅行社竭力制止，你又怎么能交上外国朋友呢？这一切说明A项对。B.旅游很累。C.导游观光很单调乏味。D.旅游确实对国家有贡献。2.C 批评。3.B 吵吵闹闹的。4.B 旅游的方式应改变。整篇文章（除第一段外）都环绕旅游方式不理想来进行批评。第二段集中在导游观光使旅游者难以和当地人民接触。第三段，见到的只是证实了旅游者本人事先形成的思想/先入之见，旅游根本达不到了解对方的目的。第四段讲了民族固定
31、模式（先入之见的模式）的可怕后果。要使人懂得所有的人们都是人类，彼此相似，又各具特点，就得改变旅游的方式。A.导游观光令人失望。C.旅游时，你见到的 特性证实了你的先入之见。D.民族模式应当改变。这三条都是批评的具体内容。5.D 人人都能享受大旅游。大旅行是专指英国富家子弟上学中的一门课程到欧洲大陆观光。不是人人都能享受。这里用grand tour表示人人都能享受类似grand tour的一切，甚至超过，如第一段指出：现代旅游者享受的舒适设施，达到了大旅行中老爷、小姐们做梦都没有想到的水平。海陆空高级交流联络通讯系统，使人们有可能钱花得不多就能访问、观光别的国家。所以说，曾是有钱人专享的大旅行
32、，普通人也能领略。“grand tour”有引号，表明作为比喻。A.费用不高。文内是费用合适、中等、恰当。B.当地观光受组织审查。C.人们喜欢一流舒适设施。阅读理解请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AUsually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of current answers. That question is “Whats your name?”
33、Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.Have you ever wondered about peoples names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?Peoples first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents
34、choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as br
35、ave as a lion”.The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook(小溪)；someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.Other early surnames cam
36、e from peoples occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter a p
37、erson who made pots and pans.The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenters great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their s
38、pecial abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dan
39、cer.Some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name. English-speaking people added s or son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts familys ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the MacDonnells and the O
40、Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.( ) 1. Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?A. Places where people lived. B. Peoples characters.C. Talents that people possessed. D. Peoples occupations.选B，根据文中4,5,6三段可知只有B选项未提及( ) 2. According to the passage, the ancest
41、ors of the Potter family most probably _.A. owned or drove a cart B. made things with metalsC. made kitchen tools or contains D. built houses and furniture选C文中第六段potter-a person who made pots and pans,可知potter 意为一个制作茶壶和平底锅的人，由此推断选C( ) 3. Suppose and English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy
42、forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named _.A. Beatrice Smith B. Leonard CarterC. George Longstreet D. Donald Greenwood选D根据文中倒数第2段可知一些人取名是根据特征而来。比如灰色头发的人取名john Gray，高个的人取名john Tallman.所以根据题意，居住在森林旁边的人取名为Donald Greenw( ) 4. The underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a persons _A. later generations B. friends and relativesC. colleagues and partners D. later sponsors选A 根据最后一段第一二行“some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name. The Johnsons are descendants of John可知descendants指的是后代。
