1、高考英语语法核心考点专项复习04：冠词冠词是英语十大词类中的虚词，常和名词一起连用，名词冠词不分家，冠词不能单独使用，必须依附于名词才有存在的意义。而名词的可数与不可数，单数与复数等特点反过来也会影响冠词的使用。冠词是英语考察的重点，也是高考的必考点，更是学生头疼的难题。虽然冠词是分类少，但是由于汉语中和英语冠词不一样，没有这个习惯，学生是经常忽略，无法掌握冠词的正确用法。本专题主要从冠词的分类、意思、用法、搭配以及特殊用法、考点和题型来进行讲解。一、 冠词的分类定冠词 the 经常翻译成“这”，“那”；不定冠词 a/an “一”，“一个”，an+元音音素发音的词二、 冠词的用法考点一：不定冠
2、词的基本用法1泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table.2指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.3指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.4用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a day.5表示同样的。如：They are of an age.(他们是同岁。)6表数量，相当于one，但语意较弱。如：There is
3、a pen and two books on the desk. 7使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. (a hand译为“帮手”)8固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word 考点二：定冠词的基本用法1表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.2用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please.3用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun
4、, the moon, the earth, the world等。4用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east, the right。5用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest。6用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the sick, the wounded。7用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States, the United Nation。8用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake。9用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：The
5、 Smiths。10用于乐器的名词前。如：play the piano; play the violin。 11发明物。如：The compass was invented in China. 12年代名词前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s. 13固定词组中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time考点三：零冠词的基本用法1表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.(儿童喜欢卡通影片。)2不含普通名词的
6、专有名词前。如：We are studying English.3名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einsteins theory proved to be correct.4官职、季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most.5呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother?6三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch?7节假日前不用冠
7、词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.8球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball.9在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm(手挽手); hand in hand(手牵手); side by side(肩并肩); day and day(日日夜夜); young and old(老老少少); from door to door(挨门挨户); from beginning to end(从头到尾); from morning till night(从早
8、到晚)等。10.与by连用表示交通方式的名词前；以and连接的两个相对的名词连用时；三、冠词的习惯用法 很多情况下，是否要加冠词，常常是一个习惯用法问题，特别是在一些固定的词组中，有时是说不出道理的。如： in town in the city 在城里have a cold catch (a) cold 感冒了at a distance 在一定距离外in the distance 在远处 in danger of有的危险in the habit of有的习惯(1) There are over 58000 rocky objects in _ space，about 900 of which
9、could fall down onto _ earth. Athe；the B/；the Cthe；/ Da；the【解析】 B考查冠词。第一空in space 是固定短语，不用冠词；第二空名词earth属于独一无二事物的名词，其前必须用定冠词。句意为：太空中有超过58000个岩状物体，其中大约900个有可能掉到地球上。专题一 (2)Many people are still in _ habit of writing silly things in _ public places. Athe；the B/；/ Cthe；/ D/；the【解析】 C第一空是固定搭配中冠词的使用：in the
10、 habit of；第二空考查冠词的基本用法，“在公共场所”是泛指，故不使用冠词。四、抽象名词和物质名词具体化1不可数名词的具体化，包括抽象名词的具体化和物质名词的具体化。所谓抽象名词的具体化，是指冠词用在抽象名词之前，表示“一种”、“一类”或“一个具体情况”等概念，使本来抽象的名词具体化，具有了“一”的含义。 The house is full of joy. The little girl is a joy to her parents. (令人高兴的人或物)Failure is the mother of success. He is a success as an actor. (一个
11、成功的人或物)He gave me a lot of pleasure. It is a pleasure to work with you. (一件令人愉快的事情)She looked up in surprise. What a great surprise you gave me. (一件令人惊讶的事情)Knowledge is power. He has a wide knowledge of animals. (一门的知识)He received little education.He received a good education. (一种的教育)某些物质名词也可以和不定冠词连
12、用，而变成具体化的名词。I like coffee. Would you like a coffee？ (一杯咖啡)I have just had lunch. I have just had a big lunch. (一顿丰盛的午餐)2.有些抽象化的个体名词前一般不用冠词。by bus/ by train/ by planeat school/ college/ university/ table/ work/ seain class/ town/ church/ prison/ hospital/ bedgo to hospital 去医院看病go to the hospital 去医院
13、(并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)如：Gorge couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church. A/；the Bthe；/ Ca；/ D/；a【解析】 C第一空是指某一个星期天，Sunday 在这里已变成一个普通的名词，所以要加a；第二空at church是指“在教堂做礼拜”，属于具体名词抽象化。五、冠词的某些需注意的用法1不定冠词a/an(1)表示“同一”，相当于the same。如：Birds of a fe
14、ather flock together; people of a kind fall into the same group. 物以类聚，人以群分。(2)表示“每”，相当于per。如：three times a day一天三次(3)表示“某一个”，相当于a certain或some。如：Sorry, wrong number. There isnt a Mr. Smith here. 对不起，打错了。这里没有史密斯先生。 (4)用在被修饰语限定的独一无二的东西前。如：We all hope to have a peaceful and friendly world. 我们都希望拥有一个和平友
15、好的世界。(5)amost 表示“非常，很”。如：This is a most interesting story.这是一个非常有趣的故事。(6)a序数词，表示“又一，再一”。如：He had decided to give it up, but on second thoughts he decided to try a third time. 他已经决定放弃，但是转念一想，决定再试一次。2定冠词the(1)用于发明物的单数名词前(phone，car)。如：Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 贝尔于1876年发明了电话。
16、(2)用于姓氏复数词前指一家人或夫妇二人等。如：The Wangs will come to Beijing tomorrow. 王先生一家明天来北京。(3)用于表达弹奏西洋乐器时的乐器名称前。如：She plays the violin but gives up lessons on the piano. 她拉小提琴而放弃了钢琴课程。(4)用于方位名词前。如：on the right/left；in the east/south(5)用于比较级词前，比较级句式中常附有表示范围的“of the two”结构。如：Of the two boys, he is the cleverer.两个男孩中
17、，他是比较聪明的那一个。要注意冠词的使用误区，即： 第一次说到不一定是泛指，第二次提到不一定就是特指。1Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning. Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. Aa；the Bthe；the Cthe；a Da；a【解析】 D从语境看，两人之间有信息差，第二个人并不知道第一个人说的是哪只钢笔，即虽然好像是第二次提到，却并不是特指，故第二空仍用a表泛指。2Have you heard _ news？The price of _ petrol is going
18、up again!Athe; the B/; the Cthe；/ D/; /【解析】 C句意为：你有没有听到这个消息：石油的价格又要上涨了。news 虽是第一次提到，但从语境看，说话者接着说明了消息的具体内容。因此此处的消息是特指，而非泛指某一消息。 课堂练习1A person who has _ final say in an international company is usually _ influential one. Aa; the Bthe; an Cthe; the Da; an【解析】 Bsay(发言权)后有介词短语修饰，表特指，所以要用定冠词，第二空表泛指，且influ
19、ential以元音音素开头，故用an。22009辽宁卷 This area experienced _ heaviest rainfall in _ month of May. A/; a Ba; the Cthe; the Dthe; a【解析】 C考查定冠词的基本用法。第一空指最大的降水量，形容词的最高级前用the；第二空指五月这个月，表特指用the，选C。3Washing machines made by China have won _ worldwide attention and Haier has become _ popular name. Aa; the B/; a C/;
20、the Dthe; a【解析】 Battention为不可数名词，并且表示泛指，所以不用冠词；第二空是指“海尔”变成了一个很受欢迎的名字，表示泛指，用a。4Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource. A/；a B/；the Cthe; the Dthe; a【解析】 D考查冠词的用法。句意为：学生们应该被鼓励把网络作为一种资源来利用。Internet“因特网”，是独一无二的事物，习惯上与定冠词the连用；resource作“(教学)资源，办法”解是可数名词，其前加a表示泛指。5I am so sorry to h
21、ave come late for the meeting. It is not your fault. With _ rush hour traffic and_ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late. Aa; a Bthe; the C/; / D/; a【解析】 B考查定冠词的用法。根据语境可知，rushhour traffic和heavy rain 是双方都知道的造成迟到的原因，应用定冠词修饰。 6 Its _ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gi
22、ves them _ pleasure. A/; a Ba; / Cthe; a Da; the【解析】 B句意为：去上海欣赏世博会带给人们快乐，这是一种非常好的感觉。feeling“感觉”，可数名词，“一种感觉”含有“一”的概念，用不定冠词a。pleasure“快乐，欢乐”，不可数名词，故用零冠词。7“This victory alone is not _ change we seekit is only _ chance for us to make that change.” said Obama in his speech. Aa; a Ba; the Cthe; the Dthe;
23、a【解析】 C依据句意可知，名词change被限制性定语从句we seek修饰限定，故用定冠词the表特指；chance被only修饰限定，表特指“唯一的一个”，用定冠词the；选C。8In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language. Athe; a Ba; a Cthe; the Da; the【解析】 B考查冠词的用法。句意为：为了找到一份更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。第一空表示泛指；第二空用“a序数词名词”表示“又一，再一”。9 First impressions are t
24、he most lasting. After all，you never get _ second chance to make _ first impression. Aa；the Bthe；the Ca；a Dthe；a【解析】 C本题考查冠词。第一空表示“再一次，又一次”，序数词在此不表示顺序，其前用不定冠词a/an；第二空表示“一次第一印象”，表示泛指，用不定冠词a。10 What _ pity that you couldnt be there to receive _ prize!Aa; a Bthe; a Ca; the Dthe; the【解析】 C考查冠词的用法。第一空所填冠
25、词构成固定句型what a pity that，用不定冠词a；第二空后的名词表特指，用定冠词the，选C。11. The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that _ people from all walks of life are working hard for _ new Jiangsu. A/; a B/; the Cthe; a Dthe; the【解析】 Apeople from all walks of life 是固定短语，表示“各行各业的人们”，表泛指，故用零冠词。Jiangsu被new修饰，且表示“一”的概念
26、，故用不定冠词a。12As _ beautiful movie about pain，struggle，hope and love，Slumdog Millionaire swept the ceremony with eight awards，including _ prize for the best picture. Aa; the Ba; a Cthe; a Dthe; the【解析】 A考查冠词的用法。第一空处意为“Slumdog Millionaire (贫民窟里的百万富翁)是一部关于痛苦、挣扎、希望和爱的电影”，所以用不定冠词表泛指。prize后有for the best pic
27、ture，所以第二空要用定冠词the，意思是“最佳影片奖”。13_ walk is expected to last all day, so bring _ packed lunch.AA; a BThe; / CThe; a DA；/【解析】 C本题考查冠词的基本用法。the walk 是指说话者双方都知道的一次行走，所以是特指。后面是提醒要带一份盒饭，所以用不定冠词a。14My neighbor asked me to go for _ walk, but I dont think Ive got _ energy. Aa; / Bthe; the C/; the Da; the【解析】
28、D句意为：我的邻居请我出去散步，但我认为我没有那份精力。第一空为固定词组，go for a walk去散步，第二空特指散步的那份精力，选D。15Of all the subjects，I like _ history best because it gives us _ useful knowledge of things in the past. Athe；a B/；a Ca；the Da；/【解析】 B表示课程的名词前不加冠词，故第一空不填冠词；第二空表示“有用的知识”，knowledge为抽象名词具体化，其前需要加冠词，useful的发音为jusful，故用a. 题点经典类型题 1.(典
29、型例题诊断)One day Li Ping was niding in the street when the old man came across the street without noticing her.【答案】 thean. 名词第一次出现,用不定冠词,表示泛指。 2.(典型例题) Bungee jumping is considered a good example of such a activity 答案：aan.activity以元音音素开头。3.(典型例题拟) Last week, about 1000 parents came to school to have cl
30、asses. 答案：school前加the普通名词前加定冠词表特指。4.(典型例题检测)Tom told the doctor he had got headache and bad cough0答案：headache前加a. have a head ache固定用法。 新高考命题探究 1. What a good news weve heard! 答案：去掉a. news为不可数名词，其前不用a2. why is she in such such great hurry? 答案：such后加a.in a hurry为固定搭配，意为“匆忙地”。3.The policeman caught me
31、 by my arm. 答案：my改为the固定句式：hitbeatstriketakecatchsb.+inonby+the+身体的某个部位。4.The man is the only animal that can speak. 答案：The man改为Manman用单数，前在不加冠词指人类。5. This dictionary is a same as the one I lost. 答案：a改为thethe same as为固搭配。6. He found a job paid by an hour. 答案：an改为theby the hour，按小时。7.The sun gives u
32、s light during day. 答案：day前加the在白天，during the day8.It is a great fun to collect coins. 答案：去掉a，fun用作不可数名词，其前不加a.一些抽象名词如surprise，pleasure，success等可以指具体的人或事，前面可以加a，而fun不能。9. They had a party after a meal that day. 答案：第二个a改为the表示特指那一顿饭用the10. Finally she chose a bigger one of the two. 答案：a改为the两者中较的那个，用
33、the+比较级+of11. Move this chair away. They are in this way. 答案：in this way改为in the way，意为“挡道”。12. Did you have wonderful time at the party? 答案：have后加a. have atime，度过一段时光。13.He is a honest young man. He never tells lies. 答案：a改为an.honest读音以元音开头。14.Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876. 答案：tel
34、ephone前加the发明物前加定冠词。15. Professor Wang was elected the president of the college. 答案：去掉第一个the表示头衔的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时，前面往往不带冠词。16. what surprised us most was that the blind girl played piano so well. 答案：piano前加the乐器前加定冠词。17. China has changed so greatly since eighties of the twentieth century. 答案：since后加t
35、he某世纪的几十年代前加定冠词。18. Many people dream of walking in the space like astronaLlts one day 答案：去掉thespace表示太空时，其前不带冠词。19.Lets do the experlment the third timeMaybe well succeed this time 答案：the改为乙再一次，又一次a third time20.In spring of 1992，he paida visit to the south of china答案：spring前加the一年四季前往往不带冠词，如果特指某一年的某个季节，需加定冠词。
