1、阅读理解专题卷35Beijing had its biggest snowfall since 1951. Britain is suffering through its longest cold snap (寒潮) since 1981. And freezing weather is hitting the Deep South, including Floridas orange groves and beaches.Whatever happened to global warming?Such weather doesnt seem to fit with warnings fro
2、m scientists that the Earth is warming because of greenhouse gases. But experts say the cold snap doesnt contradict global warming at allits just a temporary phenomenon in the long-term heating trend. “Its part of natural variability,” said Gerald Meehl, a senior scientist. With global warming, he s
3、aid, “well still have record cold temperatures. Well just have fewer of them.”Scientists say man-made climate change does have the potential to cause more frequent and more severe weather extremes. But experts did not connect the current cold snap to climate change.So what is going on?“We basically
4、have seen just a big outbreak of Arctic air over populated areas of the Northern Hemisphere”, Arndt said.In the atmosphere, large rivers of air travel roughly west to east around the globe between the Arctic and the tropics. This air flow acts like a fence to keep Arctic air restricted. But recently
5、, this air flow has become bent into a zigzag (之字形) pattern, wandering north and south. If you live in a place where it brings air up from the south, you get warm weather. In fact, record highs were reported this week in Washington state and Alaska.But in the eastern United States, like some other u
6、nlucky parts of the globe, Arctic air is coming from the north. And thats how you get a temperature of 3 degrees in Beijing, a reading of minus-42 in mainland Norway, and 18 inches of snow in parts of Britain. The zigzag pattern arises naturally from time to time, but it is not clear why its so stro
7、ng right now.1What is the best title of the text?A. Freezing weather is hitting the Deep South.B. Well still have record cold temperatures.C. The air flow has become a zigzag pattern.D. Cold snap doesnt contradict global warming.2With global warming, we will _.A. also meet with severe cold snapB. ha
8、ve more hot temperatures foreverC. never experience cold temperaturesD. have more cold temperatures3According to experts, the current cold snap _.A. suggests that the climate has changed greatlyB. is not related to the climate changeC. shows that the climate will turn coldD. is affected by global wa
9、rming4Beijing had its biggest snowfall since 1951 because of _.A. a fence from the Arctic B. a cooling trend in climateC. a big outbreak of Arctic air D. its large population5We can conclude that _.A. not all the parts of the Northern Hemisphere are cold in face of the cold snapB. the zigzag pattern
10、 arises naturally accidentallyC. Beijing will get cold weather next yearD. Washington state and Alaska will not face cold weather next yearJi Xianlin, a famous paleographer(古文书学家), historian, and writer, was born in 1911. In 1930, Ji was admitted to Tsinghua University as a major in Western literatu
11、re. In 1935, he went to Germany as an exchange student to study ancient languages, receiving his PhD degree in 1941. Ji returned to China in 1946, and in the autumn of the same year, became a professor in Peking University.Ji Xianlin believes, “Cultural exchange is the main drive for humankinds prog
12、ress. Only by learning from each others strong points to make up for shortcomings can people constantly progress, the ultimate（最终的）target of which is to achieve a kind of Great Harmony. ” Over the past ten years, Ji has actively participated in discussions on the cultural problems between the East a
13、nd the West, based on the same ideology. According to him, human culture is divided into four parts: Chinese culture, Indian culture, Arabic-Islamic culture and European-American culture, with the former three making up the Eastern cultural system and the last the Western one.With his achievements i
14、n the history of Sino-Indian cultural relations, Buddhism history, Indian literature, and comparative literature, Ji Xianlin is known as a master of Eastern studies both at home and abroad.6What is the main idea of the passage?A. The brief introduction of Ji Xianlin.B. Ji Xianlins ideology.C. Ji Xia
15、nlins achievements.D. Ji Xianlins discussions on the cultural problems between the East and the West.7Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. In 1930, Ji was admitted to Tsinghua University as a major in Eastern literature.B. The ultimate target of cultural exchange is
16、to achieve a kind of Great Harmony.C. Ji Xianlin is a master of Western studies both at home and abroad.D. Ji Xianlin received his PhD degree in 1935.8What does the underlined word in the second paragraph mean?A. Decision. B. Measure. C. Support. D. Aim.9Which of the following is different from the
17、others according to Ji Xianlin?A. Chinese culture. B. Indian culture.C. Arabic-Islamic culture. D. European-American culture.Women consistently lie on social networking sites such as Facebook or Twitter to make their lives appear more exciting, a survey has found.Researchers found that at least one
18、in four women exaggerated(夸大) or distorted(扭曲) what they are doing on social media once a month. The survey of 2000 women found they mostly pretended to be out on the town, when in fact they are home alone, and polished an exotic(异国的) holiday or their job.The most common reasons for women to write “
19、fibs” included worrying their lives would seem “boring”, envy at seeing other peoples more exciting posts and wanting to impress their friends and acquaintances.Psychologists suggested that as people attempt to “stay connected” on social media, they can in fact “paradoxically(自相矛盾地)” be left “more i
20、solated”. They also said that “the more we try to make our lives seem perfect, the less perfect we feel”.According to the OnePoll survey, one third of women surveyed admitted to “dishonesty” on social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter at some stage.Almost one in four admitted to lying or exag
21、gerating about key aspects of their life online between one and three times a month while almost one in 10 said they lied more than once a week.Nearly 30 percent of women lied about “doing something when I am home alone”, almost a quarter overstated their alcohol consumption while one in five were n
22、ot truthful about their holiday activities or their jobs. Almost one in five women even lied about their “relationship status”.“We work very hard presenting ourselves to the world online, pretending and attempting to be happy all the time which is exhausting and eventually unfulfilling,” said Dr Mic
23、hael Sinclair, a leading British consultant psychologist.“Leaving out the less desirable imperfections of our lives from the conversations with our friends online leads to less opportunity to feel empathized with(与产生共鸣), resulting in a greater sense of disconnection from others.”The survey was condu
24、cted by Pencourage, a new anonymous (匿名的)“diary-style” social media website.10 Which of the words below is closest in meaning to the underlined word “fibs” in Para 3?A. life experiences B. short storiesC. careful thoughtsD. insignificant lies11 A woman tends to tell a lie online when she_.A. hopes t
25、o make more friendsB. envies other peoples exciting lifeC. feels lonely at homeD. gets tired of the boring life12 A woman might pretend to be happier online than she actually is by _.A. avoiding conversations with friendsB. describing her holiday activitiesC. leaving out the imperfections in lifeD.
26、overstating her trouble at work13 According to Dr Michael Sinclair, constantly lying online may _.A. eventually make ones life more excitingB. actually lead to a sense of isolationC. really improve ones sense of happinessD. scarcely have any influence on relationshipsAn experiment was carried out at
27、 British school into the performance of new pupils. At the start of the year, the pupils were each given a rating, ranging from “excellent prospect” to “unlikely to do well”. These were totally untrue ratings and did not reflect how well the pupils had previously performed. However, these ratings we
28、re given to the teachers. At the end of the year, the experimenters compared the pupils performance with the ratings. Despite their real abilities, there was an astonishingly high connection between performance and ratings. It seems that people perform as well as we expect them to.The Self-fulfillin
29、g Effect is also known as the Pygmalion Effect. This comes from an old Greek story. The story was also the basis of George Bernard Shaws play “Pygmalion”, later turned into the musical “My Fair Lady”. In Shaws play, Professor Henry Higgins claims he can turn a Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle in
30、to a duchess. But, as Eliza herself points out to Higgins friend Pickering, it isnt what she learns or does that determines whether she will become a duchess, but how shes treated.The implication (含义) of the Pygmalion Effect for leaders and managers is massive. It means that the performance of your
31、team depends less on them than it does on you. The performance you get from people is no more or less than what you expect, which means you must always expect the best. As Goethe said, “Treat a man as he is and he will remain as he is. Treat a man as he can and should be and he will become as he can
32、 and should be.”14The underlined word “rating” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “_”.A. programB. regulationC. correction D. classification15Whats the passage mainly about?A. A new scientific experiment.B. The Self-fulfilling Effect.C. Shaws play “Pygmalion”.D. An improved teaching method.16The expe
33、riment was made in order to _.A. try out a new teaching methodB. pick out the most excellent pupilsC. learn if expectations affect performanceD. give each pupil a proper rating17What made Eliza change into a duchess according to Eliza herself?A. Strict training from Higgins.B. Her own strong will an
34、d hard work.C. The proper way she was regardedD. Warm encouragement from Pickering.18According to the Pygmalion Effect, if you want a man to finish a hard task in a short time, you should say, “_”.A. Im sure you can make itB. I will help you any timeC. It is as easy as pieD. It doesnt matter if you
35、failBritish researchers have found that childrens IQ predicts their probability of becoming vegetarians (素食者) as young adults.Recent studies suggest that vegetarianism may be associated with lower cholesterol (胆固醇), reduced risk of overweight and heart disease.“We know from other studies that bright
36、er children tend to behave in a healthier fashion as adultstheyre less likely to smoke, less likely to be overweight，less likely to have high blood pressure and more likely to take exercise.” lead author Catharine Gale said, “This study provides further evidence that people with a high IQ tend to ha
37、ve a healthier lifestyle.”In the study, Gales team collected data on nearly 8,200 men and women aged 30, whose IQ had been tested when they were 10 years of age.“Children who scored higher on IQ tests at age 10 were more likely than those who got lower scores to report that they were vegetarian at t
38、he age of 30.”Gale said. The researchers found that 4.5 percent of participants were vegetarians. Of these, 2.5 percent were vegan, and 33.6 percent said they were vegetarian but also ate fish or chicken.There was no difference in IQ score between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vege
39、tarian but also ate fish or chicken，the researchers added.One expert said the findings werent the whole answer，however.“We dont know the beliefs or attitudes of the parents of the children，nor do we know if there was a particular event that led these children to becoming vegetarian in their teens or
40、 adulthood.” said Lona Sandon, and assistant professor at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas.19From the article，we know that _.Abrighter children are likely to become vegetarians when they are ten. Bpeople with a higher IQ will not be overweightCbrighter children are likel
41、y to have a healthier lifestyleDoverweight may cause high blood pressure20What does the underlined word “vegan” in the sixth paragraph mean?ASomeone who only eats vegetables.BSomeone who chooses not to eat meat or fish. CSomeone who likes eating meat and fish.DSomeone who likes eating vegetables.21T
42、his study left some unanswered questions EXCEPT “_”ADid the vegetarian children grow up in a family with a vegetarian parent?BDid the children eat a primarily vegetarian diet at the age of 10?CWere meatless meals regularly served in the participants families?DDid the vegetarian children really have
43、a high IQ?22The main idea of the passage is that _.Athe low IQ children will be unhealthier when they grow upBbeing vegetarians can reduce the risk of overweight and heart diseaseCIQ is important to vegetariansDhigh IQ children are more likely to become vegetarian when they grow upWhile Andrew was g
44、etting ready for work one Friday morning, he announced to his wife that he had finally decided to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Andrew felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr Larchmont refused to grant his request? Andrew had worked so hard in the la
45、st 18 months and landed some great accounts for Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase. The thought of walking into Larchmonts office left Andrew weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight a
46、nd surprise, the ever-frugal（一向节俭的）Harvey Larchmont agreed to give Andrew a raise! Andrew arrived home that eveningdespite breaking all city and state speed limitsto a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Tina, had prepared a delicate meal including his favorite dish
47、es. Immediately he figured someone from the office had tipped her off! Next to his plate Andrew found a beautiful lettered note. It was from his wife. It read: “Congratulations, my love! I knew youd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accompl
48、ishments!” He read it and stopped to reflect on how sensitive and caring Tina was. After dinner, Andrew was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when he observed that a second card had slipped out of Tinas pocket onto the floor. He bent forward to pick it up. It read: “Dont worry about not getti
49、ng the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase.” Suddenly tears swelled in Andrews eyes. Total acceptance! Tinas support for him was not conditional upon his success at work. The
50、fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone loves us regardless of our success or failure.23What was Andrews plan that Friday?A. To request a wage increase from his boss.B. To get a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.C. T
51、o celebrate his success with his wife at home.D. To ask his boss to come for dinner.24On his way back home, Andrew _.A. felt weak in the kneesB. was punished by the traffic policemanC. was too anxious to share the newsD. couldnt wait to enjoy a meal 25Which of the following statements about the stor
52、y is FALSE?A. Andrew was afraid that his request would lead to disaster.B. Andrew had worked very hard and done his part for the company.C. Andrews boss agreed to his request.D. One of Andrews colleagues had told his wife the good news.26Why did Tina prepare a grand dinner for Andrew that day?A. She
53、 was confident of his getting a pay raise.B. She meant to show her support whatever the result would be.C. She believed that her husband was the best in his company.D. She wanted to express her gratitude for his devotion to the family.27We can conclude from the text that _.A. we should never be afra
54、id to ask for what is due to usB. work hard and you will be rewardedC. many fears turn out to be unfoundedD. unconditional love brings courage and strength参考答案1D2A3B4C5A【解析】略6A7B8D9D【解析】试题分析：文章大意：本文主要简要的介绍了古文书学家、历史学家和作家季羡林先生。6主旨大意题。根据文章大意：本文主要简要的介绍了古文书学家、历史学家和作家季羡林先生。故选A。7细节判断题。根据文章第二段Only by learni
55、ng from each others strong points to make up for shortcomings can people constantly progress, the ultimate（最终的）target of which is to achieve a kind of Great Harmony.可以得出答案。故选B。8词义推测题。根据上下文the ultimate（最终的）target of which is to achieve a kind of Great Harmony.可知应翻译成“目的”。故选D。9推理判断题。由倒数第二段最后一句可知季羡林认为A、
56、B、C三者都属于东方文化体系, 而D项属于西方文化体系。故D正确。考点：考查人物介绍类短文阅读10D11B12C13B【解析】试题分析: 研究发现在网络的虚拟交流中很多女性都或多或少地说谎，本文分析了这种行为的具体原因和可能导致的结果。10D 推理题。根据本句The most common reasons for women to write “fibs” included worrying their lives would seem “boring”, jealousy at seeing other peoples more exciting posts and wanting to i
57、mpress their friends and acquaintances.可知这里是指女性在社交中会说一些她们认为不太重要的谎言。故选D。11B细节题。根据第二段最后一句jealousy at seeing other peoples more exciting posts and wanting to impress their friends and acquaintances.可知当她们看见别人的生活很精彩的时候，他们可能会说谎话。故选B。12C推理题。根据文章倒数第二段“Omitting the less desirable imperfections of our lives f
58、rom the conversations with our friends online leads to less opportunity to feel empathized with(与产生共鸣), resulting in a greater sense of disconnection from others.”可知这些女性在网络交流的时候有意不要去考虑生活中的那些不完美的事情，让自己开心起来。但是这样只会让自己更加不开心。故选C。13B推理题。根据文章倒数第二段Omitting the less desirable imperfections of our lives from
59、the conversations with our friends online leads to less opportunity to feel empathized with(与产生共鸣), resulting in a greater sense of disconnection from others.”可知这样的谎言只会导致a greater sense of disconnection from others.（一种更大的失落感）；故选B。考点：考查社会现象类短文阅读。14D15B16C17C18A【解析】试题分析：本题介绍了心理学上的皮格马利翁效应，亦称“罗森塔尔效应(Rob
60、ertRosenthal Effect)”或“期待效应”。暗示在本质上，是人的情感和观念，会不同程度地受到别人下意识的影响。人们会不自觉地接受自己喜欢、钦佩、信任和崇拜的人的影响和暗示。而这种暗示，正是让你梦想成真的基石之一在本文中是指自我期待对我们人生的影响。14D 推理题。根据第一段1,2行At the start of the year, the pupils were each given arating, ranging from “excellent prospect” to “unlikely to do well”.说明该词是指给学生排名分类，从高到低顺序排列。故D项内容与之相
61、符。15B 主旨大意题。本题介绍了心理学上的皮格马利翁效应，亦称“罗森塔尔效应(RobertRosenthal Effect)”或“期待效应”。暗示在本质上，是人的情感和观念，会不同程度地受到别人下意识的影响。人们会不自觉地接受自己喜欢、钦佩、信任和崇拜的人的影响和暗示。而这种暗示，正是让你梦想成真的基石之一在本文中是指自我期待对我们人生的影响，故B正确。16C 推理题。本文第一段中的这个例子就是为了向我们说明人们的心理期待对人生的影响。那些分类排名本来并不正确，但是它给了人们心理暗示，就应该按照那个顺序来排名，最终的结果与最先的期待基本类似。这个例子正是为了向我们表明心理暗示即期待对人有很多
62、的影响的。故C项正确。17C 推理题。根据第二段最后两行But, as Eliza herself points out to Higgins friend Pickering, it isnt what she learns or does that determines whether she will become a duchess, but how shes treated.说明是她被如何对待的方式改变了结果。故C项正确。18A 推理题。根据皮格马利翁效应，亦称“罗森塔尔效应(RobertRosenthal Effect)”或“期待效应”。暗示在本质上，是人的情感和观念，会不同程度地
63、受到别人下意识的影响。人们会不自觉地接受自己喜欢、钦佩、信任和崇拜的人的影响和暗示。而这种暗示，正是让你梦想成真的基石之一说明如果我们要成功就要自己一定的心理暗示，故你要完成一个艰巨的任务，要对自己说我一定能行。故A项正确。考点：考查科普类短文19C20B21D22D【解析】本文在叙述根据孩子的智商高使使孩子长大后成为素食者的可能性比较高。19C细节题 根据第三段We know from other studies that brighter children tend to behave in a healthier fashion as adults推断出C项正确。20B推断题，从第六段来
64、年，2.5 percent were vegan, and 33.6 percent said they were vegetarian but also ate fish or chicken.两句是对立关系，故选B项。 21D细节题。文中没有提到最后一项。22D主旨大意。文章在叙述高智商的孩子成年后成为素食者的可能性比较大。考点：健康类阅读。23A24C25D26B27D【解析】试题分析：本文叙述了Andrew在公司的工作取得了一定的成绩之后，他告诉他的妻子他要请求老板给他涨工资，他经过了思想的准备工作就和老板说了，没有想到老板答应了，他很高兴，准备回家和妻子分享这个好消息，没有想到妻子为
65、他准备好饭菜，而人没有在家，却留了两张不同的卡片给他，卡片上写着无论是哪种结果，她都会很爱自己的丈夫。23细节理解题。根据While Andrew was getting ready for work one Friday morning, he announced to his wife that he had finally decided to ask his boss for a salary raise.他要向老板请求涨工资，故选A。24细节理解题。根据Andrew arrived home that eveningdespite breaking all city and stat
66、e speed limitsto a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit.不怕超速，急于赶往家中，想把这个涨工资的好消息快点和妻子分享，故选C。25推理判断题。根据从他的妻子给他的两张卡片的内容上看他的妻子不知道这个好消息，故选D。26细节理解题。根据Total acceptance 从两张卡片的内容也可知他的妻子对于两种结果都接受，故选B。27推理判断题。根据最后一段可知害怕被拒绝往往是软弱的表现和当我们知道有人爱我们不管我们是成功还是失败，我们可以接受或拒绝任何挫折,故选D。考点：故事类短文阅读。点评：推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了做出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。该题要求在理解表面文字的基础上做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意思和深层意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。
