1、第三讲形容词和副词形容词和副词是历年高考的必考点，是考生做好英语语法填空题和短文改错题必须要掌握的知识点。形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词，表示事物或人的性质和特征。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。语法填空题对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词作定语或表语、形容词和副词的比较级或最高级、形容词和副词的词性转化等。短文改错题对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词和副词之间的错用，以及形容词之间、副词之间的错用等。 形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。语法填空主要考查原级变为比较级或最高级；短文改错主要考查原级、比较级和最高级之间的误用。两者进行比较时，用比较级，此时的标志词为than
2、，但需特别注意没有than时的比较级；三者或三者以上进行比较时，用最高级，此 时往往用in或者of表示比较范围，但需注意省略比较范围的最高级。(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)London is one of the 1._ (large) cities in the world. Its population is 2._ (small) than Tokyo or Shanghai, but it is one of the 3._ (popular) tourist destinations of all. London is probably most famous for it
3、s museums, galleries, palaces and other sights, but it also includes a 4._ (wide) range of peoples, cultures and religions than many other places. People used to say that it was the dirtiest city too, but it is now much 5._ (clean) than it was. To the surprise of many people, it now has some of the
4、6._ (good) restaurants in Europe too. For some people, this makes London the 7._ (exciting) city in Europe. Unfortunately, London is definitely not the 8._ (expensive) city in Europe, though a holiday in London is good value for money, considering what there is to see and do there.答案：1.largest2.smal
5、ler3.most popular4.wider5.cleaner6.best7.most exciting8.least expensive(二)快捷技法思考趋向解题规则1.填形容词或副词的比较级提示词是形容词或副词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，特别是空格后有比较级标志词than时，应考虑填形容词或副词的比较级。使用比较级的常见情况：(1)根据比较等级的句式判断，如果后面有than就用比较级。(如题2,4,5)(2)有时候比较级结构中并不出现than，而是根据语境判断用比较级。(3)当空格前有表示程度的词，如a bit, a little, much, far, a great/goo
6、d deal, a lot等或有still, even等词修饰时，需填比较级。(4)表示“越，就越”用“the比较级 ., the比较级 .”结构。(5)“否定词比较级”可以表达最高级含义。2.填形容词或副词的最高级提示词为形容词或副词时，分析句子成分后若发现词性不需要改变，并且句中有比较范围，句意有最高级含义时，要填其最高级形式。使用最高级的常见情况：(1)表达在某个范围内“最”时，使用“the形容词/副词的最高级比较范围”结构。表示范围的标志词有in, of, among等。(如题6,7,8)(2)当空格前有the second/third ., one of .等词时，需填最高级。(如题
7、1,3)(3)形容词最高级前的修饰语通常有序数词以及by far, almost, nearly等。如：I am by far the most active member in our group.我是我们组最活跃的成员。(一)考点练悟下文中共有8处错误，每句中最多有两处。请找出并改正。Dear Lily，Well, weve moved at last! When we got here, the flat seemed large than we remembered, because it was empty, but now its got our furniture in it,
8、so it doesnt feel as large as before. Weve got to do some decorating, and that will be expensive than we expected because the walls are in a bad condition than we thought. But well manage somehow, and soon well have the more attractive house in the town. And if your Uncle Bob has his way, well have
9、the lovely garden as well. Well also be the poorer and the most exhausted householders in the country, but never mind. We still think moving here is the best thing weve done for years. We cant imagine now why we didnt do it when we were more younger. Come and see us soon. Catch a train if you can, b
10、ecause its almost as cheaper as the bus, and the railway station is nearer to our end of town.Love from us both，Auntie Rosie答案：第二句：第一个largelarger第三句：expensive前加more; badworse第四句：moremost第五句：lovelyloveliest第六句：poorerpoorest第八句：去掉more第十句：cheapercheap(二)快捷技法思考趋向解题规则1.原级、比较级和最高级之间的错用1.根据标志词“than, in, of
11、, among”等，并结合具体语境检查是否存在比较等级的错用。2.熟记使用比较等级的常见情况。3.熟记使用最高级的情况。2.检查是否存在比较级修饰比较级的情况若形容词和副词后面加了er，前面就不能再用more。形容词和副词之间的转化是高考的一大重点，在每年高考中都占有相当大的比重。语法填空和短文改错的此类考点均是根据形容词或副词的功能做出相互转化。因此考生应注意总结变化规律，尤其是其中的特殊变化形式。(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)Some people think that they will get ill if they use their brains too much. It
12、 is not 1._ (truly). Through many studies, scientists show us that the more you use your brain the better it will be and the cleverer you will become.Of course, if you want to keep your mind 2._ (clearly) and active, you must take a proper rest and study 3._ (proper). To the teenagers, using their b
13、rains in the morning is 4._ (well) for their health.There are many ways to rest. One is a 5._ (peace) rest. Sleep is a peaceful rest. Another is an 6._ (act) rest. For example, take a walk 7._ (outdoor) and do more exercise every day. To change the way of brains activities is also a good way to rest
14、.In everyday life, to eat some eggs, meat, fresh vegetables and fruit is also good for the brains. Wish you a wise man and a 8._ (happily) life.答案：1.true2.clear3.properly4.good5.peaceful6.active7.outdoors8.happy(二)快捷技法思考趋向若提示词是形容词或副词，考虑形容词和副词之间的转化。解题规则分析句子成分，看空格处所要填的词是作定语还是状语，如果作定语修饰名词，就用形容词；如果作状语修饰
15、动词、形容词、副词或句子，则用副词。(三)重点强化形容词变副词的规则1一般情况加lycommoncommonlyimmediateimmediately2以“辅音字母y”结尾，将y改为i然后加lysteadysteadilybusybusily3以le结尾，去掉e加ysimplesimplygentlegently4以ic结尾，加allyeconomiceconomicallyscientificscientifically (一)考点练悟下文中共有5处错误，每句中最多有两处。请找出并改正。Dear David，It has been half a year since you left Ch
16、ina. Hows everything going?Recent, an activity themed “Foreigners Tell Chinese Stories” will be held in our school. Any foreign student who is enthusiastic about China can take part in it. I think you are suitably for the activity, for you used to live in China and learned so many about the country.
17、 You can write about your understanding of Chinese culture as good as your personally experiences in China. You are expected to write an article about 500 words in English. Id appreciate it if you could mail your article to chinesestory2019 before May 21st, 2019.Im looking forward to your participat
18、ion.Yours, Li Hua答案：第三句：RecentRecently第五句：suitablysuitable; manymuch第六句：goodwell; personallypersonal(二)快捷技法思考趋向解题规则1.形容词之间、副词之间的错用(1)“意近”引起的错用：例如many和much都表示“很多”，但many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词。(2)“形近”引起的错用：例如hard与hardly，前者表示“努力地”，后者表示“几乎不”。(3)意思重复：例如so和very表达同一含义，故不能同时使用。(4)像deep, high, slow等本身也是副词，加上ly后还是
19、副词，此时前者表示具体，后者表示抽象。2.形容词与副词之间的错用一般来说，作定语和表语时用形容词；作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或修饰整个句子时用副词。课堂应用体验 .语法填空(2018昆明调研)The Silk Road was a passage for the transportation of silk in ancient times. Lots of relics on the road can still _1_ (see) now. From the relics, tourists can see the outline of the ancient metropolitan
20、(大都会的) areas along _2_ fantastic road. In the tour packages, tourists can imagine _3_ (they) to be ancient merchants by riding camels in deserts.The Silk Road is a long route, _4_ Xian in the east to Gansu and Xinjiang in the west. If it is your first trip to China, we _5_ (sincere) suggest you shou
21、ld spend at least ten days visiting Beijing, Xian, Dunhuang, Urumqi and Kashi. You could get to know about the history of China and experience _6_ (color) scenery along the Silk Road.If you are an _7_ (experience) traveler wanting to explore China fully, it is recommended _8_ you should travel to Du
22、nhuang, Zhangye, Jiayuguan, Turpan, Kashi and Urumqi to follow the footprint of Marco Polo. This route may take about 15 days. If you have only a oneweek holiday, the _9_ (choose) of three most famous cities will be fit for you.Along the Silk Road route, Xian and Gansu are suitable to visit all year
23、 round. The best time _10_ (visit) Xinjiang is from May to October because the weather is mild.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了中国的“丝绸之路”，并为如何游览“丝绸之路”提出了一些建议。1be seen考查动词语态。句子的主语是Lots of relics，与谓语动词see之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；空格前面有情态动词can，所以填be seen。2the考查冠词。上文已经提到了丝绸之路，此处再次提到，表示特指，要用定冠词，所以填the。3themselves考查反身代词。本句表达的意思
24、是“通过在沙漠中骑骆驼，游客们可以把他们自己想象成古代的商人”，they指代主语tourists，所以要用反身代词。4from考查介词。此处表达的是“从东部的西安到西部的甘肃和新疆”，表达“从到”要用介词短语from . to .。5sincerely考查副词。修饰动词suggest要用副词，所以填sincerely。6colorful考查形容词。修饰名词scenery，要用形容词来作定语，所以填colorful。7experienced考查形容词。根据空后的名词traveler可知，空处应用形容词作定语，表示“有经验的”，故填experienced。8that考查主语从句。本句为“It is
25、 recommendedthat从句”结构，it作形式主语，that从句作真正的主语，故填that。9choice考查名词。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的of可知，空处应填名词，所以空处要用choice。10to visit考查非谓语动词。the best time to do sth.的意思是“做某事的最好的时间”，其中的动词不定式作后置定语，修饰前面的the best time，所以填to visit。.短文改错(2018武汉市武昌区调研)Dear Li Hua，Im pretty delighting to have received the letter you sent me two
26、 weeks ago. Ive been thinking about a question you asked me. In your opinion, you should come back before you finish your study abroad. For one reason, what you are studying is bad needed nowadays in China. It will be quite easier for you to find a good job. As a matter of fact, a great many of big
27、companies in our city are hoping to employ people like you. For other reason, it will be much more convenient for you to look after your parent when they are getting old. Therefore, I think its a good idea for you to return. So what are you waiting?Best wishes!John答案：第一句：delightingdelighted第二句：athe第三句：第一个yourmy; beforeafter第四句：badbadly第五句：easiereasy第六句：去掉第二个of第七句：otheranother; parentparents第九句：waiting后加for
