1、第二册Unit 4 A garden of poemsI单元知识点全览 工欲善其事 必先利其器高考须掌握的词汇：1intend 2recitation 3fantastic 41onely 5sad 6grammatical 7glorious 8absent 9introduce10dusty 11recommendation 1 2cont ribution 高考须掌握的短语：1together 2with 3up 4up 5into 6for 7to考点过关 过关斩将 一马平川考点详解 精剖细解 入巿三分一、重点词汇1intention n意图，意向目的eg：His good inten
2、tions were repaid hv good results 他的善意得到了善报。 It wasnt my intention to fool you我不想骗你。相关链接：intend vt打算用法拓展：intend to do/doing sth打算干 intend thatshould do打算 intend sbto do sth打算让某人干 with the intention of doing sth打算干 withoht intention无意地特别提醒：intend后接从句时多用虚拟语气即should+动词原形；intend， sbto do sth通常用在被动语态中；in
3、tend的过去式表示“原打算”。案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三考题1 (典型例题分)This book, as a surprise for his sisterwas lost in the mail Aintended Bregarded Ctaken Drecognized考题1点拨，答案为A此题考查intend sthfor sb为某人准备某物。句意为：“愿打算作为给他姐姐的_个惊喜的这本书，在邮寄过程中丢了，。”2absence n不在，缺席；缺乏eg o I soon noticed his absence from school我很快便察觉到他缺课了。 After an absen
4、ce of seven years，1 went home外出7年后我返回了故乡。相关链接：absent adj缺席的；不在的用法拓展：be absent from不在缺席 absence of mind心不在焉 during ones absence在某人外出期间 in ones absencein the absence of sb某人不在时，某人外出时特别提醒：be absent ftom短语中用from。考题2 (典型例题) He often asks his neighbour to look after his pet during his A. lack B. absence C
5、. leaving D. missing考题2点拨：答案为B。此题考查during ones absenee这一结构。句意为；“他经常叫他的邻居在他外出时替他照顾宠物。”3apart adv相隔相距；除去；分开eg：New York and T6kyo are thou sands of miles apart纽约和东京相隔数千英里。 She lives apart from her family她跟家人分开住。 Apart from a few faults，he is quite a good teacher除了几个缺点外他是个很好的老师。用法拓展：aprt ftom除之外tellapar
6、t区分/分辨(两种事物)，tear一apart撕开撕成块200 metres apart相距200米 fall apart土崩瓦解考题3 (典型例题分)Do you have any difficulty the twin sisters? A. to telling out B. telling out C. to tell apart D. telling apart考题3点拨：答案为D。此题考查tellapart”区分/分辨”同时考查have some difficulty in doing sth“有困难干某事”。句意为：“你分清这时双胞姐妹有困难吗?” 4recommend u，推荐
7、。介绍；劝告，建议eg： Can you recommend me a good lawyer? 你能推荐一位好律师给我吗? I recommend you to see her at once我劝你马上去看她。 She recommended buying this dictionary她建议买这本字典。相关链接：recommendation n推荐推举 用法拓展：recommend sbsth一recommend sthto sb向某人推荐某物 recommend sbfor sth向某人介绍某事 recommend s1)to do sth劝某人干某事(advise曲to do sth)
8、 recommend doing sth建议干什么recommend that建议特捌提醒；recommend当“建议”讲后接从句时从句用should+动词原形should可以省略。考题4 (典型例题 分 ) How shall we go to that airport? Well. I recommend a taxi. A. to take B. taking C. to taking D. take考题4点拨；答案为B。此题考查recommend doing stK“建议干某事”。句意为：“我们怎么去机场?我建议坐出租车去。”5contribute vt贡献：捐献；投稿eg： He d
9、idnt contibute anything to world peace 他对世界和平毫无贡献。 A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health 适度的运动有益于健康。相关链接contribution n贡献用法拓展：contributeto向捐款；对有贡献contribute to有助于；向投稿 make a contribution/contributions to对作出贡献 特别提醒：contributeto和make a contribution to这两个短语中的to都是介词，后接名词或动名词作宾语。考题5 (典型例题
10、)Eating too much fat can heart disease and cause high blood pressure. A. relate to B. contribute to C. attend toD. devote to考题5点拨：答案为B。contribute to意为“有助于，促成”。句意为：“吃太多_的脂肪会引起心脏病并且会造成高-/K。”二、重点短语6call up征召(服役)；回忆起；调动(力量、人员等)；打电话eg： The old photograph called up memories of his ehildhood 那张老照片唤起了他对童年时代
11、的回忆。 He was called up right at the beginning of the war 他是在战争一开始的时候被征召入伍的。用法拓展call for需求，需要；(去)接caU on sb拜访某人；号召 cau at some place拜访某地caU in请求收回；召来call back回电话特别提醒teall up中的up是副词，代词作宾语时必须放在中间。考题6 (典型例题1 分) The picture of the park memories of our class trip last year. A. called up B. reminded C. call
12、ed on D. called for考题6点拨：答案为A。call up表示“唤醒，回忆起”。句意为：“公园的相片使我回忆起去年我班郊游的事情。”7look up向上看；查出，了解eg： He looked up arid something in the tree caught his eyes 他抬头一看了树上的一样东西引起了他的注意。 Look up the word in the dictionary 翻字典查一查这个单词。 用法拓展；look up一in在里查找look up to sb尊敬或赞赏某人 look down on/upon看不起，轻视 look on旁观；看作 loo
13、k out注意， 当心look into调查；向里面看look round向四周看 look through浏览 考题7 (典型例题)Do I have to stop to the new words I come across while am reading a book? A. look at B. look for C. look up D. look into考题7点拨；答案为c。look dp“(在词典或参考书中)查阅(词或责料)”。句意为：“当我在阅读时，碰到生词我必须停_F来查单词的含义吗?三、重点交际用语8whetherOr一不管还是eg： All things。wheth
14、er you know or dont know，exist in the world 世界上万物，不管你知道的，还是不知道的，确实存在着。 Whether she will come of not is still a question 她来还是不来仍然是一个问题。特别提醒：(1)whether一or可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，有时还可以省略or部分。 (2)下列情况用whether不用if whether引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句时eg： Whether he will come or not hasnt been decided他来不来还没决定。 whether引
15、导从句作介词宾语时eg： Everything depends on whether we have enough time一切取决于我们是否有足够的时间。 当whether引导不定式短语时eg： I dont know whether to accept or refuse我不知道该接受还是拒绝。考题8 (典型例题 分 ) Dad, Ive finished my hom.ework. Good. and you play or watch TV you mustnt disturb me. A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter 考题
16、8点拨：答案为B。根据句意考查whether ror“不管还是”。句意为：“你不管玩还是看电视，你千万不要打扰我。”四、重点句型 9Once published一旦被出版，eg： once bitten。it can never be forgotten 一旦被咬，再也忘不了。 Once knowing the truth，he will understand what we have done 一旦知道真相，他会明白我们做的一切。 Once completed，this power station will supply the nearby towns and villages with
17、electricity 一旦完工这个电站会向附近的城乡供电。考题9-1 (典型例题)The research is so de-signed that once nothing can be .done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun考题9-2 (典型例题)Once water cannot be taken back again. A. pour B. pouring C. poured D. be poured用法拓展/when，while，if，unless，though等引导的状语从句，若其主语
18、与主句的主语相同时，可保留连词，其余部分可简化为分词短语。 eg：WhiIe walking aIong the street early in the morning，I saw her一大早在街上散步时我看见了她。/Unless invited，1 wont come to the party除非被邀请，否则我是不会去参加晚会的。/The goods must be checked at the customs before being shipped abroad货物在运往国 外前必须接受海关检查。特别提醒：when，while，if，unless，though等后动词的形式是doing
19、还 是done，主要看与主句主语的关系为主动还是被动。 考题91点拨：答案为D。此题考查非谓语动词，once后接分词，根据题意the research与begin之间应是被动关系，once引导一条件句，补充完整应为：Once the research is begun，nothing can be done to change it。考题92点拨；答案为c。根据题意，考查once+done，因water与pour之间为被动关系。句意为：“覆水难收。”10mo matter+疑问词(when，who，what，where，which，whose，whether)不管(无论)(何时，谁，什么，哪里
20、，哪个，谁的，是否等) eg：Give me a call first no matter when you come不管你什么时候来，请先给我打个电话。 No matter who knocks，dont open the door不管谁敲门，都不要开门。特别提醒：使用no matter时，要注意下列情况 (1)若主从句均表示将来动作，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时eg： No matter who they are，they will have to wait in line 无论他们是谁，他们都将排队等候。(2)no matter who(what，which，whose)与whoever
21、，whatever，whichever， whosever的区别 两种结构都可引导让步状语从句，但前者语气较后者强烈eg： Whatever the matter may be，do youlb best一No matter what the mat ter may be，do your best不管怎样，都要尽最大努力去做。 后者可引导名词性从句而前者不能eg： (误)No matter who did that should be punished (正)Whoever did that should be punished 不管是谁做了那件事，都要受到惩罚。(3)no matter wh
22、ere/when/hOW=wherever，whenever，however 两种结构均可引导让步状语从句，但前者语气比后者强烈eg： No matter where he may be，he will be happy一Wherever he may be，he will be happy不管在什么地方，他将会是快乐的。 No matter how difficult the job is，we must do it well一However difficult the job is，we must do it well不管工作有多难，我们都必须把它做好。考题10-1 (典型例题分)_ _
23、much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do. A. How B. Whatever C. Whichever D. No matter how考题10-2 (典型例题 分) leaves the room last is asked to turn off the lights A. Anyone B. Who C. Whoever D. Everyone考题101点拨：答案为D。此题考查no matter how，不管；whatever no matter what。句意为：“不管你给他提多少建议，他总是做他想做的事
24、。”考题102点拨：答案为C。此题考查w、hoever引导名词从句，相当于anyone who A项anyone不能充当连词；B项who表示疑问 “谁”。句意为：“不管谁最后一个离开房间，都要把灯关了。”.语法归纳 精通规则 游刃有余过去分词作状语过去分词作状语有两大特点：一是表示被动；二是表示已完成的动作。过去分词或过去分词短语常可用作以下几种状语。1时间状语。可改为时间状语从句，也可在过去分词前加上连词“when，while，until”等， 使其时间意义更明确。 eg： Seen from the plane，the village looks very small(一When it i
25、s seen/When we see it from the plane，the village looks very small)从飞机上看，这个村庄非常小。 Dont speak until spoken to(一Dont speak until you are spoken to/until someone speaks to you)当别人和你讲话时，你才能讲话。2原因状语。可改为原因状语从句或并列结构。 eg： Greatly totlched by his teachers words，the boy did a lot of things to help his classmat
26、es(一Because he was greatly touched by/He was greatly touched by一so the boy did)这个男孩被老师的话深深地打动了，所以做了很多事来帮助同班同学。Surprised at what had happened。Tom didnt know what to do(=Tom was surprisedand he didnt know/Because Tom was surprised，he didnt know)汤姆对发生的一切非常惊讶以至于不知如何是好。3条件状语。可加连词if，unless等；也可换成条件状语从句。 eg
27、： Given more timewe could do it much better(=If we were given)多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好。 Unless invited l will not go to his birthday party除非受到邀请，否则我不会去他的生日晚会。4让步状语。有时可加althoughthougheven Ifeven thoughwhetheror等连词可转换成让步状语从句。 eg： Though warned of the stormthe farmers were still working in thd fields(一Thoughthe
28、y had been warned)虽然农民们已被告诫将有风暴但他们仍然在地里干活。 This material doesnt expand whether heated or not(=：whether it is heated or not) 这种物质无论加热与否都不膨胀。5方式、伴随状语。可改成并列结构或从句。 eg： She went home latetired(=，and she was tired)她回家晚，觉得很累。 The teacher entered the classroom。followed by a group of his students(=。and hewas
29、 followed by a group of his students)老师走进教室。后面跟着一群学生。6注意：用分词短语作状语时它逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致，否则分词短语就要有自己的逻辑主语(用名词或代词的主格来表示)。这种结构称为独立主格结构。 eg：All our savings gone。we started looking for jobs积蓄全部用完了，我们就开始找工作。(All our savings gone是过去分词的独立结构)考题1 (典型例题I 分) with such great difficulty, Jack felt at a loss A. Facin
30、g; what to say B. Faced; what to say C. Having faced; how to tell D. Being faced; how to speak考题2 (典型例题) to give up smoking, he threw away his cigarettes. A, Determined ; remained B. Determined; remaining C. Determining; remained D. Determining; remaining 考题1点拨:答案为B。be faced with意为。面临”。句意为:“面临这样巨大的困
31、难，杰克完全不知道该说什么。”考题2点拨：答案为B。be determined to do sth“下定决心做l某事”.句意为：“下次心戒烟后，他把剩余的烟都扔了。”IV专题探究 由点及面 由表及里专题探究：评析一篇书面表达专题详解： 联合国教科文组织某考察团正在我国某乡村参观考察。假定你是接待人员，请根据下列提示以发言稿的形式简要介绍这个村的情况： (1)大小：近100户人家约500口人。 (2)变化：过去很穷1 978年后变化很大。人们生活比以前好多了。现已旧貌换新颜。 (3)教育：原来的学校很小，现已经过改建。新建的教学楼有4层是村里最美的建筑物。村里所有学龄儿童在此免费就读。 注意：(
32、1)要点齐全，前后连贯。(2)词数：100120之间。 解析：(1)依据要点，草拟提纲将所需要的语言材料准备好。 可以只列出主要的词、词组、短语及句型。暂不考虑动词的时态、语态、单数第三人称等词形变化。 1 00 families and 500 people/used to be very poor change a lot/richer than before/take on a new lookwas very small/ have been rebuilt/newlybuilt/have 4 storeys/most beautiful building/school-age chi
33、ldren/enjoy free education (2)扩展成句连句成篇。本文为一篇发言稿其格式与口头通知大体相同。因此，短文应有称呼、开场及结束语。既然介绍的是小村所使用的人称应为it。应注意时态、语态的正确运用并适当使用一些连接词将所列的语句连成完整的语篇。全文应结构紧凑前后连贯。Ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to our village! This village is very small. It has nearly 100 families and ab6ut 500 people. It used to be very poor.It has c
34、hanged a lot since 1978. People here.are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new look. In the past. the school here was very small. Now it has been rebuilt. The newly built teaching buildinghas 4 storeys and it is the most beautiful building in the village. All the school- age children can stu
35、dy here, They enjoy free education in it. Thank you. 这篇书面表达要点齐全，表达也没语法错误但语言平淡表达方式单一逻辑性也差因此很难在考试的评分中得到较高档次。如果使用一些恰当的连接词，并尽量使用较高级的词汇和较复杂的语法结构这篇平淡的文章就会有很大改观，甚至会变得很精彩。Ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to our village! This village is a small one. with/ which has nea.rly 100 families and about 500 people. It
36、tsed to be very poor. However. it has changed a lot since 1978 and has been developing very fast. People here have,/live a much better life than before. Now it is taking on a new 10ok. In the past. the school here was very small and most chil dren couldnt afford to go to school. But now it has been
37、rebuiltand the newly-built teaching building wbich has 4 storeys is the most beautiful one in the village. All the school age children can study here. Whats moreAlso, they enjoy free education. May you enjoy, your stay here May you have a pleasant time here! Thank you.对上文评析：用介词短语作定语或用含定语从句的主从复合句。语句问
38、缺少连接成分However。表现作者对现在乡村的发展的喜悦心情，也起到承上启下作用。较高级词汇。作者对过去孩子们上不起学表示遗憾和同情。语句间缺少连接成分，添加But。语句问缺少承上启下的连接成分and。用含定语从句的主从复合句。此处应添加一个承接上下文的过渡性词语，如“Whats more/Also，这样，前后就显得更加连贯了。如能适当发挥，在结尾处添加像“May you enjoy your stay here/May you have a pleasant time here!”这样的表希望、祝愿的语句，会使全文更加完整，使文章读起来更亲切，完全达到与听者进行交流的目的，从而收到更佳的表
39、达效果。较复杂句式。这些连接词的恰当使用无疑能使全文过渡自然，令听者对后续的句子产生心理的期待和准备，增强句子间的逻辑性和紧凑性。适当增加句子的感情色彩，增加一些人情味，使文章读起来更亲切。 考题类型一网打尽 蓦然回首 灯火阑珊回顾1 测试考点 8 (典型例题lephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and it is rough or smooth.A. / B. whether C. how D. what1B点拨：考查whetheror不管还是。回顾2 测试考点10 (典型例题e tried his best f
40、o solve the problem, difficult it was.A. however B. no matter C. whatever D. although2A点拨：however引导让步状语从句。回顾3 测试考点 10 (典型例题ou should try to get a good nights sleep _ _ much work you have to do.A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever3A点拨：however引导让步状语从句。句意为：“无论你有多少工作要做，你都应该在夜里睡好觉。”回顾4 测试考点 10
41、 (典型例题ou can eat food free. in my restaurant you like.A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however4A点拨：whenever引导让步状语从句。句意为：无论何时你都可以在我的餐馆里免费吃饭。回顾5 测试语法 (典型例题) with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D.When compared5D 点
42、拨：when compared with=when it is compared with 此处也可以直接用固定短语compared with/to作状语，表示“与比起来”。 回顾6 测试语法 (典型例题 by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted6B点拨：本题考查分词作原因状语。the girl与attract构成被动，且
43、由句中的时态可知，“被吸引”的动作已发生，故用过去分词表被动和完成。VI2011年高考题预测 高瞻远瞩 占尽先机一、考情预测 预测1：如何表达按计划、安排、规定要发生的动作。 预测根据：表示按计划、安排、规定要发生的动作时，尽管是将来时，但通常用一般现在时表示。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时态。这是一个重要的考点，在考情预测 年高考中出现的几率很大。 命题角度预测：表示按计划、安排、规定要发生的动作，用一般现在时代替将来时的设题会在单项选择中出现。设题时会用各种时态提供选项，以混淆考生的思维。务必看清楚此考点所表示的意义。 预测2：句式no sooner,一th
44、an；hardly/scarcely：when 预测根据：表示“刚就”时，常用句式no soonerthan或hard1y/scarcelywhen表示。这是一个常考句式，特别要引起考生注意。 命题角度预测：no soonerthan；scarcely/hardlywhen句式考查会出现在单项选择或完形填空中。考查角度有三个：两个句型的固定搭配。时态运用：nosooner/scarcely/hardly后用过去完成时，than/when后用一般过去时。当no sooner/hardly/scarcely放在句首时，其引导的分句部分倒装。预测3：感官动词+adj 预测根据：感官动词如feel；s
45、ound；smell；taste；。look等后接形容词，表示主语本身具有的特点，是高考考查的重点内容之一。 命题角度预测：感官动词+adj的用法在单项选择中出现的几率最大。考生务必清楚，在此句型中，感官动词相当于系动词，无被动形式。 预测4：no matter+特殊疑问词 预测根据：nomatter+特殊疑问词，表示“无论”，引导让步状语从句，是考查状语从句时的一个重点句型，也是高考考查的热点之一。 命题角度预测：no matter+特殊疑问词引导让步状语从句这一考点，在单项选择或完形填空中出现的几率很大。设题时常与特殊疑问词+ever或其他引导状语从句的连词放在一起，考生应根据提供的语境，
46、作出正确的选择。预测5：话题预测 本单元的中心话题是“英国诗歌”，具体涉及英文诗歌的种类、英国诗人、英文诗歌的发展史等。高考题中与本话题有关的题目大多会在阅读理解部分出现，可能会以记叙文的形式向我们讲述某一位著名英国诗人或介绍其作品。二、考题预测备考1测试考点9 The illness can cause total blindness if untreated. A. left B. being left C. it were left c. leaving1A点拨if从句省略主语the illness，且illness与leave之间为被动关系，故用过去分司；c项与主句时态不一致。备考2测
47、试考点 8 you accept or refuse his invita-tion, you should give him a definite answer, A. Whenever B. That C. It D. Whether2D点拨：考查whetheror；不管还是。备考3测试考点 10 ,youll never be able to persuade him. A. However hard may you try B. Try however hard you may C. However hard you may try D. Try hard you may3C点拨：考查
48、However+adv+主+谓语。备考4测试考点6 The smell of these flowers the memory of my childhood.A. calls for B. calls in C. calls out D. calls up4D点拨：题意为“花香唤起了我对童年的记忆”。call for“需要，需求”，call in“召集”，call OUt“大声喊叫”，call up“唤起，使人想起，故D符合题意。备考5测试考点 4 My father recommended that I my officer.A. didnt obey B. not to disobey
49、C. not disobey D. mustnt disobey5C点拨：recommend that从句用虚拟语气(should)+动词原形。 备考6测试考点 5 It is well known that fresh air and exercise to good health. A. contribute B. contributes C. is contributing D. are.contributing6A点拨：主语fresh air and exercise为复数。备考7测试考点3 The two sisters look so much alike. I can hardly tell them A. away B. apart C. along D. separate7B点拨：tellapart区分/分辨。
