1、Unit 5 MusicPeriod 3 Discovering Useful StructureThe past participle as the predicative and adverbial导学案姓名： _ 班级： _1. To review the basic usages of the past participle as the predicative and adverbial.2. To learn to use some special cases concerning the past participle as the predicative and adverbi
2、al flexibly.1. To appreciate the function of the past participle as the predicative and adverbial in a sentence2. To write essays using the past participle as the predicative and adverbial.The past participle as the predicative and adverbial Step1:自主探究。1(教材P52)_(bear) in the USA on 2 January 1970, W
3、hitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 19882(教材P52) _ (move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time”3(教材P56)I was very afraid and I felt so alone and _ (discourage)4(教材P58) _ (encourage) by this first performance and the positive reaction of the aud
4、ience, I have continued to play the piano and enjoy it more every dayStep2:语法要点精析。用法1：过去分词作表语1）过去分词可放在连系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态Tom was _ to see a snake moving across the floor(astonish)汤姆很惊讶地看到一条蛇正爬过地板。Finally the baby felt _ of playing with those toys(tire)终于婴儿厌倦
5、了玩那些玩具。注意：1）.过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。The library is now _(状态)图书馆现在关闭了。(close)The cup was _(break) by my little sister yesterday(动作)昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。2）感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到的”；现在分词多表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人的”。We were _(amaze) at what he said at th
6、e meeting我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。His words were _(discourage), which made many people _(discourage)他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。总结：英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词表示被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有：exciting /excited astonishing /astonished delighting /delighted disappointing/disappointed en
7、couraging/encouraged frightening/frightened interesting/interested moving/moved pleased/pleasingThe man standing there looks _, and the little boy is _(frighten)站在那里的那个人看起来很可怕，小男孩吓着了。The news was _ and we were _ the whole night(excite)这则消息令人激动，我们激动了整整一晚上。用法2：过去分词作状语过去分词作状语的类型过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、
8、方式/伴随和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。1过去分词作时间状语过去分词作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until”等，使其时间意义更明确。_(look) at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautifulWhen it is looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful当从远处看时，这幅画似乎更美了。_(ask) for his vie
9、ws about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewardingWhen he was asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding当被问到对教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他发现它既有趣又有意义。2过去分词作原因状语过去分词作原因状语时，可转换为由since, because或as引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。_(worry) ab
10、out the exam, I was unsettled in these daysBecause I was worried about the exam, I was unsettled in these days由于担心考试，我这几天感到不安。3过去分词作条件状语过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。_(grow) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fastIf they are grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很
11、快。_(give) a few minutes, Ill finish the reportIf I am given a few minutes, Ill finish the report再给我几分钟的时间，我就会完成这个报告。4过去分词作让步状语过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个以though/although引导的让步状语从句。_(encourage) by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficultiesThough he was encouraged by his parents, he st
12、ill has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。_(invite) by him, I wont take part in the partyThough I was invited by him, I wont take part in the party即使被他邀请，我也不会参加聚会。5过去分词作方式/伴随状语过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句代替。The patient got off the bed, _(support) by the nurseThe
13、 patient got off the bed, and he was supported by the nurse那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。She accepted the gift, deeply _(move)She accepted the gift, and she was deeply moved她接受了礼物，深深地被感动了。注意：有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有：lost(迷路); seated(坐); hidden(躲); lost/absorbed in(沉溺于); dressed in(穿着)
14、; tired of(厌烦)。_(lose ) in thought, he didnt hear the bell由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用ing，被动用ed。_(use) for a long time, the book looks old(动宾关系)由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。_(use) the book, I find it v
15、ery useful(主谓关系)在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。1.I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel _(challenge)2.Ordinary soap，_(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively3.Everyone was silent, _(wait) to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragra
16、ph aloud【答案】The past participle as the predicative and adverbial Step1:自主探究。1(教材P52)Born(bear) in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 19882(教材P52) Moved(move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time”3(教材P56)I was very a
17、fraid and I felt so alone and discouraged(discourage)4(教材P58)Encouraged(encourage) by this first performance and the positive reaction of the audience, I have continued to play the piano and enjoy it more every dayStep2:语法要点精析。用法1：过去分词作表语1）过去分词可放在连系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语，表
18、示主语所处的状态Tom was astonished to see a snake moving across the floor汤姆很惊讶地看到一条蛇正爬过地板。Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys终于婴儿厌倦了玩那些玩具。注意：1）.过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。The library is now closed(状态)图书馆现在关闭了。The cup was broken by my little sister yesterda
19、y(动作)昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。2）感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到的”；现在分词多表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人的”。We were amazed at what he said at the meeting我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。His words were discouraging, which made many people discouraged他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。总结：英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词表示被
20、动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有：exciting /excited astonishing /astonished delighting /delighted disappointing/disappointed encouraging/encouraged frightening/frightened interesting/interested moving/moved pleased/pleasingThe man standing there looks frightening, and the little boy is frighte
21、ned站在那里的那个人看起来很可怕，小男孩吓着了。The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night这则消息令人激动，我们激动了整整一晚上。用法2：过去分词作状语过去分词作状语的类型过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式/伴随和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。1过去分词作时间状语过去分词作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until”等，使其时间意义更明确。Looked at from a distance, th
22、e painting seems much more beautifulWhen it is looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful当从远处看时，这幅画似乎更美了。Asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewardingWhen he was asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he fou
23、nd it very interesting and rewarding当被问到对教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他发现它既有趣又有意义。2过去分词作原因状语过去分词作原因状语时，可转换为由since, because或as引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。Worried about the exam, I was unsettled in these daysBecause I was worried about the exam, I was unsettled in these days由于担心考试，我这几天感到不安。3过去分词作条件状语过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为if, o
24、nce或unless等引导的条件状语从句。Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fastIf they are grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。Given a few minutes, Ill finish the reportIf I am given a few minutes, Ill finish the report再给我几分钟的时间，我就会完成这个报告。4过去分词作让步状语过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个以though/although引导
25、的让步状语从句。Encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficultiesThough he was encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。Invited by him, I wont take part in the partyThough I was invited by him, I wont take p
26、art in the party即使被他邀请，我也不会参加聚会。5过去分词作方式/伴随状语过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句代替。The patient got off the bed, supported by the nurseThe patient got off the bed, and he was supported by the nurse那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。She accepted the gift, deeply movedShe accepted the gift, and she was deeply moved她接受了礼物，深深
27、地被感动了。注意：有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有：lost(迷路); seated(坐); hidden(躲); lost/absorbed in(沉溺于); dressed in(穿着); tired of(厌烦)。Lost in thought, he didnt hear the bell由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。前后
28、两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用ing，被动用ed。Used for a long time, the book looks old(动宾关系)由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。Using the book, I find it very useful(主谓关系)在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。1.I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel _(challenge)【解析】：考查词性转换之动词变为形容词。连系动词feel后要接
29、形容词作表语。challenged adj受到挑战的；challenging adj困难的，富有挑战性的。 由语境可知，填challenged。【答案】：challenged2.Ordinary soap，_(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively【解析】：考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：普通的香皂，只要使用正确，就可以有效除菌。use与其逻辑主语为被动关系，故填过去分词used。【答案】：used3.Everyone was silent, _(wait) to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud【解析】：考查非谓语动词作状语。主语Everyone与wait为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填waiting。【答案】：waiting