1、Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 4.1 Reading and Thinking一.基础巩固I单词拼写1. A local government-funded company was responsible for building the plant and it also built all the supporting facilities（设施） like roads, water and e_ supply.2. Seasonal droughts are causing more and more d_, threatening the sustainable d
2、evelopment and peoples well-being in the region.3.In 2019, the Mekong River experienced its lowest water level since records began because of d_.4. Gao said that China has had no intention to rock the boat and/or d_ the global order.5. The little mistake r_ his chance of getting the job.6. She decid
3、ed to b_ the secret deep within herself.7. People who have just risen out of poverty can fall into poverty again due to natural d_, illnesses or other problems.8. Rates of extreme poverty could rise to a_ more than 1 billion people due to the pandemic in the world.9. This summer, many places in Chin
4、a have been damaged by f_ caused by heavy rains, with more than 63 million people affected nationwide.10. In the rescue mission in 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, Chen Lu searched for and r_ those in need, dragging injured legs and carrying equipment weighing over 30 kilograms.II.单句语法填空1.The _ (injure) we
5、re sent to the nearest hospital right away after the accident.2.We were rescued _ the sinking ship by a passing boat.3.The big fire caused great damage _ the building built last year.4.What he told us was a _ story，which made us all_.(shock)5.When the comet（彗星） gets closer to the sun, the energy of
6、the sun heats the comet, and gas and dust _ (eruption)from the surface of the comet, forming a huge dust tail, usually in yellow.6.He was trying to save the girl _ (trap) in the burning house.7. I was so weak that even standing up was _effort.8. _ (bury) himself in the newspaper，he didnt notice what
7、 was happening.9. He used to _(suffer) from the noise caused by garbage trucks as well as bad smells. 10. China highly appreciates the _ (tire) efforts by the WHO. III.短语填空in ruins，instead of，fall down，come to an end，dig out，in shock，blow away，as usual, be trapped in, as if/as though1.When the young
8、 man _ the building，he felt very helpless.2.Years of fighting has left the city _ (ruin)；it would take a lot of money to rebuild it.3.The boy walked slowly _he had hurt his leg.4.Cheer up！The world is not _!5.The shelter might _ if it rains more heavily.6. _ being annoyed，he seemed quite pleased.7.I
9、 am 30 years old, so I often talk with my customers about _ Thirty (a popular TV series in China) 8.The survivors were _，wondering how long the disaster would last.9.That day he went to work out in the gym _.10.It was reported that an American couple had _ a lot of gold coins from their own yard.IV.
10、翻译1.井壁上出现了很多深裂缝。_2鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能吃东西,狗也不愿意进楼里。_3. 仿佛世界末日即将来临！_4. 在这次地震中死亡或严重受伤的人数达到40多万。_5. 地震刚刚过去，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。_V.根据课文填空Several days before July 28,1976，many strange things happened in Tangshan. They were signs for an earthquake. But people 1. lived there didnt think much of that.
11、 At 342 am that day，the earth began 2. _(shake)，3. destroyed almost all the city in fifteen terrible seconds. People were 4. _ shock. Later that afternoon,5. big earthquake shook the city again. Even 6. (many) buildings fell down. Very soon the army sent a lot of soldiers to help，and teams were orga
12、nized to dig out the 7. (trap) and to bury the dead.Many people, 8. (include) nurses and doctors，came to rescue those who were trapped under the ruins. Slowly，things 9. (improve) and the city began to breathe again. With the governments support and the local peoples tireless 10. (effort)，a new Tangs
13、han was built upon the earthquake ruins. It proves that in times of disaster，people must unify.二、拓展提升.阅读理解AThe earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.Fragile items li
14、ke those made of glass are easily broken and should usually be placed on a lower surface，near the ground instead of placing them on the cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed，sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement，these pieces
15、 will fall on the floor directly and not on you.There is a strong chance of short circuits(短路) and fire during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.During an earthquake，lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go
16、near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the staircases at all times.If you are outdoors，do not take
17、shelter under a tree，streetlights，electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving，stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.If trapped in debris(瓦砾堆)，cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or the wall so that rescuers c
18、an find you. Use a whistle if one is available. Never shout for help. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust.1.The purpose of the passage is to tell readers .A. the damage caused by earthqu
19、akesB. the rescue work after earthquakesC. how to prevent earthquakesD. what to do about earthquakes2.The underlined word “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”.A. Easily found B. Easily brokenC. Expensive D. Heavy3.During the earthquake，people are advised to .A. go out of the building at onceB
20、. drive to a safe place quicklyC. take shelter under a treeD. turn off electricity and gas immediatelyBLi Fangbo had a new companion while fighting floods this yeara drone.As he drove a boat through the water on rescue operations, the drone（无人驾驶飞机） was flying overhead in a supporting role.The drone
21、is able to get into dangerous zones quickly and detect whether there is anyone trapped and whether the rescue route is safe or not, said Li, a drone operator from the Wuhu in Anhui province.In addition to drones, a series of technologies have been applied in fighting floods this year in Anhui, which
22、 has saved time and energy.Ye Mingdong, who has been working at the front line of flood control and drought relief for years in Dangtu county, Maanshan city, has seen the difference new technologies have made while fighting floods this summer.In the past, telephones would keep ringing as flood contr
23、ol staff from the townships and villages called to ask about the real-time precipitation（降雨量) and water levels. But this year, the automatic monitoring and reporting system has helped gather key data at the rivers and lake gates, said Ye, deputy director of the countys flood control and drought reli
24、ef office.The system, first applied during the flood season in 2018, gathers and transmits statistics every five minutes, which makes real-time statistics available on the internet.There is also a wall of screens with signals from 70 high-resolution cameras at the office, which offers real-time view
25、s of levees（防洪堤） along the Yangtze River, high-risk sections and important gates in the county.We also have a helmet with a camera attached to it, which can transmit real-time images from rescue sites to headquarters to help direct the rescue work, Ye said.This monitoring network is part of Chinas e
26、fforts to apply big data and artificial intelligence in flood control.According to Liu Zhiyu, an official with the Ministry of Water Resources, it takes only 10 to 15 minutes to gather precipitation and water level data from all the 120,000 flood-forecasting stations across the country.Statistics ar
27、e considered key for flood control.Abundant information on the precipitation and water levels on the upper and lower reaches and the surrounding areas is necessary for fighting floods, Ye said.1.Whats the drone can do help Li in the rescue?A. detect trapped persons B. drive a boatC. fly overheadD. f
28、ight floods2.Which part is not included in the automatic monitoring and reporting system ?A. wall of screensB.70 high-resolution cameras along the Yangtze RiverC. a helmet with a camera attached to itD. a drone3.What can you infer from the passage?A. a drone can help rescue people when disaster happ
29、ens.B. the automatic monitoring and reporting system is a special network system used for recuing in the floodsC. Statistics are considered key for flood control.D. big data and artificial intelligence has taken an important part in flood controlII.完形填空The earthquake was over and the city was in rui
30、ns.I had no choice but to walk home as all the 1 had stopped as a result of the quake. On my way home I 2 an old lady at a bakery shop giving out free bread，which made my heart 3.A man was holding a sign saying，“Please use our 4 .” He was 5 his house for people to go to the restroom.My friend， 6 wan
31、ted to be of help to others，stood in the cold with a sign “If you dont 7 a motorcycle，Ill be glad to drive you home.” And then I saw him pick up an old man and drive him all the way to a faraway place! The next day I drove to have my car 8 .There was not enough 9 now and many gas stations were eithe
32、r closed or have very 10 lines. I got worried，since I was 11 fifteen cars. Finally，when my 12 came，the man smiled and said，“ 13 this situation，we are only giving $30 worth gas per person. Is that alright？” “ 14 .Its nice that we are all able to 15 ，” I said. His smile gave me so much comfort.At the
33、escape center I saw a man 16 when people brought food to him. It was the first time in three days that food had been brought to their center. However，after he cleaned up the tears，his next 17 surprised me. “I am very 18 that we are provided with food. But people in the city next to us havent 19 any
34、food at all. Please go to that center as well.” Hearing that，I realized there was a bright future on the other side of this 20 .1.A. life B. business C. rescue D. traffic2.A. noticed B. missed C. ignored D. caught3.A. kind B. broken C. warm D. empty4.A. hotel B. toilet C. hospital D. house5.A. openi
35、ng B. selling C. repairing D. building6.A.who B. whom C. which D. he7.A. buy B. care C. matter D. mind 8.A. used up B. taken up C. filled up D. washed away9.A.gas B. information C. food D. water10.A. direct B. fine C. long D. thin11.A. behind B. between C. among D. beneath12. A. time B. turn C. duty
36、 D. decision13.A. Except for B. Together with C. Instead of D. Because of14.A. Not at all B. Of course C. No way D. Never mind15.A. share B. offer C. learn D. choose16. A. crying B. eating C. smiling D. singing17.A. ways B. roles C. words D. promises 18. A. sure B. grateful C. surprised D. proud 19.
37、A. bought B. wasted C. prepared D. received20.A. disaster B. chance C. city D. centerIII.短文填空 As far as I know，the heavy storm was one of the worst 1.(event) of the city. It hit the western part of the city last night. The wind speed reached eighty kilometers per hour. The storm caused serious damag
38、e 2. at least two hundred homes. A great number of families 3.(be) left homeless after the roofs of the houses were blown away. Scenes of the disaster could be seen everywhere，which made people 4.(frighten).In Main Street，the city park was flooded completely. Many cars 5.(destroy) completely by floo
39、dwater. One car owner without full insurance burst out 6.(cry).Some cars were carried across the parking area and dumped(倾斜) into storm-water drains. In another block，a tree fell on a bus 7. was taking some football players to a game.8.(luck)，no one in the bus got 9.(injure).It was pleasing that the
40、 storm was finally at 10. end after doing extreme damage. IV. 写作假如你是高三学生赵刚，你与一名叫王林的灾区孤儿结对子给予帮助。为了和他成为朋友，并在学习上给予他一定的帮助，请给他写一封信，信的内容包括：1. 你个人的基本情况(年龄，爱好，特长，理想);2. 向他介绍你的学习经验(至少两条);3. 欢迎他到学校学习参观。注意：1. 词数100词左右;2. 文章的开头和结尾已经给出;Dear Wang Lin,Its really my pleasure to make friends with you. Im_.Looking fo
41、rward to your letter.Best wishes.Yours,Zhao GangARMY LIFETranslated by Xu YuanchongClouds on frontier have darkened mountains clad in snow;The town with Gate of Jade stands far away, forlorn.We will not leave the desert till we beat the foe,Although in war our golden armour be outworn.诗欣赏从军行王昌龄青海长云暗
42、雪山，古城遥望玉门关。黄沙百战穿金甲，不破楼兰终不还。答案：一.基础巩固I单词拼写1.electricity 2.damage 3.drought 4.destroy 5.ruined6.bury 7.disasters 8.affect 9.floods 10.rescuedII.单句语法填空1.injured 2. from 3.to 4. shocking, shocked 5. erupt6.trapped 7.an 8. Burying 9.suffer 10.tirelessIII.短语填空1.was trapped in 2.in ruins 3.as if/thoughing
43、to an end 5.fall down 6.Instead of7.Nothing But 8.in shock 9.as usual 10.dug outIV.翻译1.There were deep cracks thatappearedinthewellwalls.2.Chickens and even pigs weretoonervoustoeat，and dogs refusedtogoinsidebuildings.3It seemed as if the world werecomingtoanend!4.The number of people whowerekilledo
44、rbadlyinjured in the quake was more than 400,000.5.Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those whoweretrappedandtoburythedead.V.根据课文填空1.who/that, 2.toshake, 3.which, 4.in, 5.another, 6.more, 7.trapped, 8.including,9.improved,10. Efforts二、拓展提升.阅读理解A语篇解读:本文介绍了在地震
45、来临时，如何做才能把损害降到最低。1.答案D解析写作意图题。根据第一段最后一句可知，本文主要介绍在地震来临时的一些安全方面的建议，告诉读者该怎么做。故选D。2.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“like those made of glass are easily broken”可知，fragile意为“易碎的”。故选B。3.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.”可知，在地震发生时，要确保立即关掉电
46、源和液化气。故选D。B篇阅读理解1.答案 A 解析 从文章第三段“The drone is able to get into dangerous zones quickly and detect whether there is anyone trapped and whether the rescue route is safe or not”，可知无人飞被用来探测被困人员和可行道路。故答案为A。2. 答案 D解析 从文章第八段可知“the automatic monitoring and reporting system”总检测报告系统包括 视频墙和从黄河、高危部位、重点部位高分辨率摄像头
47、传来的“汛情”。所以这个系统包括A、B从第九段“We also have a helmet with a camera attached to it”可知，“我们”头顶有带有摄像头的头盔。所以这个系统包括C。故答案为D。3.这是一道有关文章整体理解的题目，A、B是细节题。“infer”题要从文章基本信息做出新的理解，就是 “If you infer that something is the case, you decide that it is true on the basis of information that you already have.”C是文章原句，没有“infer”一下
48、。答案D是基于文章的“进一步理解”。故答案为D。II.完形填空语篇解读：作者所生活的城市遭受了地震。很多人的无私援助让作者感到温暖，而一些难民的举动也让作者感到这个城市会有光明的未来。1.答案D解析根据上下文可知，地震使得交通瘫痪，作者只能步行回家。traffic交通，故选D。2.答案A解析作者在回家的路上注意到一位老太太在给大家分发免费的面包。notice注意到，故选A。3.答案C解析一位老太太在给大家分发免费面包，这个场景使作者内心感到温暖。warm温暖的，故选C。4.答案D解析根据后面的“his house for people to go to the restroom”可知，这个人让
49、大家使用自己的房屋，给大家提供方便。故选D。5.答案A解析此处指那个人打开自己的房屋给人们提供方便。open打开，故选A。6.答案A解析本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是my friend，关系词在定语从句中作主语。故选A。7.答案D解析在寒冷的天气里乘坐摩托车是很冷的，所以此句句意为“如果您不介意乘坐摩托车的话，我会非常乐意把您送回家”。 mind介意，故选D。8.答案C解析根据下文可知，作者去加油站给汽车加油。use up用完，耗尽；take up占据，从事；fill up充满；wash away冲走，忘却。故选C。9.答案A解析根据后面的“many gas stations were ei
50、ther closed.I got worried”可知，很多加油站没有足够的汽油了。gas汽油，故选A。10.答案C解析根据上下文可知，等待给车加油的人很多，排着长长的队。long长的，故选C。11.答案A解析此处指作者排在15辆汽车之后，所以担心会没有汽油。behind在后面，故选A。12.答案B解析此处指轮到作者的车加油了。turn (依次轮到的)机会，故选B。13.答案D解析句意为：鉴于目前的局势，我们为每个人只提供30美元的汽油，可以吗？ because of因为，故选D。14.答案B解析根据作者说的话可知，作者同意加油站人员的做法。of course当然，故选B。15.答案A解析每
51、个人只可以加30美元的汽油，所以大家都可以分享一些，而不至于有些司机加不到油。share分享，故选A。16.答案A解析根据后面的“However，after he cleaned up the tears”可知，那个人感动得哭了。故选A。17.答案C解析后面引号中的内容是那个人说的话。words话语，故选C。18.答案B解析句意为：我非常感激你们给我们送来食物。grateful感激的，故选B。19.答案D解析句意为：但是，我们隔壁的城市的人们还没有收到任何食物。receive接收，收到，故选D。20.答案C解析那个人的话语让作者感到这个城市的另一端会有光明的未来。故选C。III.短文填空语篇解
52、读:文章主要记叙了一场暴风雨对当地城市造成的破坏。1.答案events解析此处为“one of名词复数”结构，表示“中之一”。2.答案to解析cause damage to对造成损害。3.答案were解析“a great number of复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。短文叙述的是昨晚发生的事情，故用一般过去时，故该空填were。4.答案frightened解析设空处在句中作宾语补足语，修饰people，表达人们的心理感受，应用frightened。5.答案were destroyed解析根据全文语境可知该处应用一般过去时；主语cars与destroy之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。6.
53、答案crying解析burst out crying突然大哭起来，为固定搭配。7.答案that/which解析定语从句的先行词是bus，指物，从句中缺少主语，故用that/which引导定语从句。8.答案Luckily解析设空处在句中作状语，修饰全句，应用副词作状语。9.答案injured解析设空在句中作表语，指“受伤的”，应用injured。10.答案an解析at an end结束，是固定短语。Dear Wang Lin,Its really my pleasure to make friends with you. Im Zhao Gang and Im 17 years old. I l
54、ike playing football and reading. Im good at writing and playing the piano. But I really want to be a journalist after graduating from university. To get good marks, firstly, think listening carefully in class is most important. Then we should ask the teacher questions we have in time. Finally, gett
55、ing rich knowledge out of class is also necessary. I hope the advice can help you in your studies. Welcome to our school if you have the chance. And Ill show you our school and my favorite books. Also I can play a piece of piano music for you.Looking forward to your letter.Best wishes.Yours,Zhao Gang