1、Unit 4 Natural DisastersPeriod 3 Discovering Useful StructureThe restrictive relative clauses练习第一部分： Choose the best choice.1. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of _ has been proved.A. whom B. which C. what D. that【答案】B【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没
2、有一个被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。2. He wrote many childrens books, nearly half of_ were published in the 1990s.A. whom B. which C. them D. that【答案】B 【解析】句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，几乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行词是books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故选B项。 3. The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China w
3、as 2008.A. When B. where C. why D. which【答案】D【解析】本题定语从句的先行词是the exact year，后面的定语从句Angela and her family spent together in China中动词spent后面缺少宾语，所以使用关系代词which引导这个定语从句，并在句中做宾语。Where的先行词通常是指地点的名词，关系副词when的先行词通常是表示时间的名词，why的先行词是the reason。ABC三项通常在句中做状语。Which在定语从句里做主语，宾语或者表语。句义：Angela和他的家人一起在中国度假确切是在2008年。
4、故D正确。 4.Kate, _sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whom B. that C whose D. her【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。5.I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of
5、noise.A. whose B. why C. where D. which【答案】A【解析】a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom，故选A。6. Well reach the sales targets in a month_ we set at the beginning of the year.A. which B.where C. when D.what【答案】A【解析】本题考察的是定语从句中关系词的选择。本题定语从句的先行词是the sa
6、les target, 后面的定语从句中动词set后面缺少宾语，所以使用关系代词which指代先行词，在句中作为动词set的宾语。句意：一个月后我们就将实现年初的时候设定的销售目标。BC两项都是关系副词，它们在句中通常都作为状语。What不是定语从句的关系词。故A正确。7. She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.A. which B. who C. as D. that【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。8. The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may
7、 be inspirations for great inventions.A. that B. as C. where D. when【答案】A【解析】A. that 那个 B. as 因为 C. where 哪里 D. when什么时候。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。9It is a truly delightful place, _ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pr
8、etty cottages.A. as B. whereC. thatD. which【答案】D【解析】根据分析，此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，在定语从句中是作主语的，所以用关系代词引导。As引导非限定性定语从句时要放在句首，故排除，选用which。句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方，这里的蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。故选D【考点定位】考查定语从句关系代词。10. He wrote many children s books, nearly half of_ were published in the 1990s.A. whom B. which
9、C. them D. that【答案】B 【解析】句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，几乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行词是books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故选B项。 【考点定位】考查定语从句。 11. The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.Awhich B. what C. whose D. that【答案】C【解析】本题考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为the books，和covers之间存在所有关系，故选择C，意为书的封面。句意为：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。【考点定位】考查定语从句12. Chin
10、a Today attracts a worldwide readership,_ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. A. whoB. whomC. thatD. Which【答案】D【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。根据句式结构来看出现了逗号，说明这是一个非限制性定语从句。首先That不能引导非限制性定语从句，who在引导非限制性定语从句的时候通常在从句中做主语和宾语，指人，而whom也指人，却只能做宾语。Which引导非限制性定语从句通常在从句中做主语或者宾语。关系词代指前
11、面的中国日报，在定语从句中做主语。该句意思为：中国日报有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。故选D【考点定位】考查非限制性定语从句13.I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me.A.whoB. which C. when D. Where【考点】考察定语从句【答案】B【解析】本题考察的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是the book Sherlock Holmes，在定语从句中which指代先行词作为定语从句中的动词recommend
12、的宾语。CD两项是关系副词，不能在句中做宾语，只能做状语。A项who的先行词通常都是指人的名词。句意：上个星期我从图书馆里借了福尔摩斯诡异，这是我的同学推荐给我的。故B正确。14.I am looking forward to the daymy daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.A. asB. whyC. when D. where【考点】考察定语从句【答案】C【解析】本题是一个定语从句，先行词是the day，后面的定语从句结构非常完整，所以使用关系副词when在句中做时间状语，同时引导起这个定语从句。句义：我
13、一直都在期待着我的女儿能够阅读并理解我对她的感情的那一天。故C正确。15.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work_ a good impression is a must.A. whichB. whenC. asD. where【考点】考察定语从句【答案】D【解析】本题定语从句的先行词是work，后面的定语从句a good impression is a must的句子结构很完整，所以使用关系副词在句中做状语，同时也引导起这个定语从句。句意：在日常交流中这本书书帮助了很多，尤其是在
14、需要有良好印象的工作之中。AC两项都是关系代词在句中不能做状语，when的先行词通常都是指时间的名词。故D正确。16.Among the many dangers_- sailors have to face , probably the greatest of all is fog .A. which B. what C. where D. when 【考点】考察定语从句【答案】A【解析】本题定语从句的先行词是the many dangers，在定语从句中关系代词which指代先行词在句中作为动词face的宾语，可以省略。CD两项都是关系副词，在定语从句中通常只作状语，不能做宾语。What不
15、是定语从句的关系词。句义：在士兵面对的很多危险中，也许最大的危险是雾吧！故A正确。第二部分：单句语法填空（用定语从句的关系代词填空）1. The last one _ leaves the classroom should close the windows.【答案】who2. People _ are against the idea think it is unnecessary to build the dam.【答案】who3. Do you know Mr. Smith _story is very moving?【答案】whose4. This is the place _is w
16、orth visiting.【答案】that5. I have many collections of stamps, some of _ are my favorite.【答案】whose6. The man _is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.【答案】who7. The classroom，_door is broken， will soon be repaired.【答案】whose【解析】考察定语从句的关系代词的用法。第三部分：运用定语从句翻译句子1. 不到长城非好汉。(who)2.这就是我们上周拜访的那位著名科学家。(who
17、/that)3.他最后解出了这个令他困惑很久的问题。(that)4.我们昨天买的鱼不新鲜。(that/which)5.有一座山顶常年被雪覆盖的山。(whose top)6.天气最后晴朗起来，这是我们没有料到的。(which)7.每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。(As everyone knows)1. 【答案】He who/that does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 【解析】（作does not reach的主语）2. 【答案】This is the famous scientist (who/whom/that)
18、 we visited last week. 【解析】（作visited的宾语）3. 【答案】He finally worked out the problem which/ that puzzled him for a long time. 【解析】（作puzzled的主语）4. 【答案】The fish (that/which) we bought yesterday were not fresh. 【解析】（作bought的宾语）5. 【答案】There is a mountain whose top is always covered with snow.【解析】( whose top
19、=the mountains top，作定语，修饰top)6. 【答案】The weather turned out very good, which was more than we could expect. 【解析】（which指代“天气最后晴朗起来”，作was的主语）7. As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history . （As指代“中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家”，作knows 的宾语）每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。第四部分：综合写作能力提升A 读后续写（满分25分）阅读下面
20、短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。One day when I was 12, my mother gave me an order: I was to walk to the public library, and borrow at least one book for the summer. This was one more way for her to solve my strange probleminability to read. (阅读障碍)In the library, I found my way into the “Childrens Room”. I
21、 sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf. The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a dog. I had recently had a dog, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child. He was my secret sharer, but later he was given away to someone who had the space and
22、the money to care for him. I never forget my dog.There on the books cover was a dog which looked the same with my dog. I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover. My eyes ran across the title, Amos, the Dog with a Plan. Unknowingly, I had read the title. Without opening the book, I bo
23、rrowed it from the library for summer.Under the shade of a bush, I started to read about Amos. I read very, very slowly with difficulty. Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back
24、 home. At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion. When I finished my reading, a stream of tears ran down my checks. It was until then I realized that I have overcome my inability to read. Thus, this was the very first book for me which I had read through and deeply immers
25、ed in real sense.注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为l50左右；2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语：3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1:My mothers call returned me to the real world and I suddenly realized something._Paragraph 2:Last year, my mother was so proud that her son was rewarded a PhD（博士学位）in literatur
26、e. _【答案】My mothers call returned me to the real world and I suddenly realized something. Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them. From then on, I kept going to the library more often. In the library, I was exposed to different types of books: detective storied, love stories,
27、 poems, fables and so on. My mother encouraged me to spend time doing my favorite thing. Day by day, I finally succeeded in overcoming my inability of read. Moreover, I began to write some stories by myself. When I went to university, I chose literature as my major.Last year, my mother was so proud
28、that her son was rewarded a PhD in literature. I never told my mother about my “miraculous” experience that summer. It was the very first book that made me what I am today. This year, I began writing my first book on the topic of my dog. I hope it could be my lifelong career. The power of the words
29、has held.【解析】续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：妈妈的电话把我带回了现实世界，我突然意识到一些事情。所以本段应该继续写作者意识到了什么事情，描写要详细，而且应紧扣文章主题，多描写读书的好处。第二段开头是：去年，我妈妈非常自豪，因为她的儿子获得了文学博士学位。本段应该写作者为什么取得了这么大的成就，要与文章的主题多读书相连接。续写时要求使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语，增加了写作难度，我们要熟悉所给划线词语，恰当的时候加以运用。最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右；续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语，按要求完成写作任务。【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高
30、级句子。如：be exposed to，succeeded in等高级词汇；使用了强调句It was the very first book that made me what I am today.主从复合句When I went to university, I chose literature as my major等。学&科网 B应用文写作（满分15分）假定你是李华，今年春节去美国旅游度假了一周。你的美国朋友Luke招待你。请给他写一封信，表示感谢。包括下列要点：1感谢他的热情招待2了解了美国文化3邀请他来中国旅游 .注意：1词数80左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行为流畅；3开头语和结束
31、语己为你写好_【答案】Dear Luke,How is it going? Im writing to express my gratitude to you for your hospitality when I was on holiday in America.Firstly, I want to say how much I enjoyed the stay with you at your home. Besides，It was the food you cooked for me that impressed me deeply. More importantly, our co
32、nversation was wonderful, which made me aware of English culture and customs. By the way, would you like to pay a visit to China？Id be extremely delighted if you can accept my invitation. Looking forward to your early reply.YoursLiHua【解析】这是一篇应用文，要求写一封信。确定关键词汇和短语: invitation, delighted, impress, enjo
33、y, express my gratitude to sb, hospitality, on holiday, culture and customs, pay a visit to.确定较为高级的句子:when引导的时间状语从句Im writing to express my gratitude to you for your hospitality when I was on holiday in America. how引导的宾语从句I want to say how much I enjoyed the stay with you at your home.强调句式It was the
34、 food you cooked for me that impressed me deeply. which引导的条件状语从句our conversation was wonderful, which made me aware of English culture and customs. if引导的条件状语从句Id be extremely delighted if you can accept my invitation.连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接:Firstly，Besides，More importantly，By the way.第六步：注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避
35、免划线，乱擦。【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式:如when引导的时间状语从句Im writing to express my gratitude to you for your hospitality when I was on holiday in America.how引导的宾语从句I want to say how much I enjoyed the stay with you at your home.强调句式It was the food you cooked for me that impressed me deeply. which引导的条件状语从句our conversation was wonderful, which made me aware of English culture and customs. if引导的条件状语从句Id be extremely delighted if you can accept my invitation.高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。
