1、第二讲 数词和主谓一致一、主谓一致考点透析谓语受主语支配，需在人称和数上与主语保持一致。处理主谓一致问题可依据三项原则：1语法一致：主语为单数形式，谓语用单数；主语是复数形式，谓语用复数。名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句等充当主语时，一般适用语法一致原则。(1)The boy is clever enough to learn mathematics well.(2)All the students are listening to their teacher attentively.(3)Collecting stamps gives me pleasure and betters my u
2、nderstanding of the world as well.(4)What you do is different from what you say.2意义一致：有时要从意义着眼处理主谓一致问题。数学算式、集合名词、疑问代词、“the形容词”充当主语时，一般适用意义一致原则。例如：(1)Five pound is quite enough for you to buy a radio or a walkman，something like that.(2)His family was going to have a long journey，but on the day when t
3、hey were supposed to set off，some family were ill，so they had to cancel the plan.3就近一致：谓语的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。当not only.but also.，or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not.but.，whether.or.等连词连接两个主语，以及在there be 句型、倒装句中，一般适用就近一致原则。例如：(1)He didnt say whether some English novels or an English dictionary was wanted.(2)N
4、ot only you but also he is to blame.温馨提示：1a number of名词复数动词复数形式；the number of名词单/复数动词单数形式。2.a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，twothirds of，fifty percent of等短语后接名词作主语时，谓语的数依名词的数而定，即后接不可数名词或名词单数时，谓语用单数；后接名词的复数形式时，谓语用复数。3one and a half名词复数动词复数。4many a名词单数动词单数。5every名词单数and every名词单数动词单数。Every boy
5、and every girl in the area was invited.强化训练一(一)用所给动词的适当形式填空按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，用括号中单词的正确形式填空。1A poet and artist _(come)to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.2A survey of the opinions of experts _(show)that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _(be)good for ones hea
6、lth.isis comingshows3All the employees except the manager _(encourage)to work online at home.4All the preparations for the task _(complete),and we are ready to start.5As a result of destroying the forest,a large quantity of desert _(cover)the land.6As a result of the serious flood,twothirds of the b
7、uildings in the area_(need)repairing.needare encouragedhave been completedhas covered7As you can see,the number of cars on our roads _(keep)rising these days.8Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _(wear)evening dress.9Did you go to the show last night?Yeah.Every boy and
8、 girl in the area _(invite)10Either you or one of your students _(be)to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.iskeepswearswas invited11Every possible means _(use)to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.12He is the only one of the students who _(be)a winner of scholarship for th
9、ree years.13I told him what I was surprised at _(be)his attitude towards his study.14Listening to loud music at rock concerts _(cause)hearing loss in some teenagers.15Most of what has been said about the Smiths _(be)also true of the Johnsons.ishas been usedhas beenwashas caused(二)语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语
10、法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。Every policeman 1._ given special training for the job.No two days 2._the same.Each day 3._ different.But the job 4._ as exciting or glamorous as some people think.Not all policemen 5._ allowed to carry guns.A number of police officers here 6._(work)with dogs.
11、An officer and hisworkisareisisntaredog 7._(have)to work closely together.One of our jobs 8._to prevent crime happening in the first place.A lot of crimes 9._caused by people being careless.Sorry，I have to go now.Someone have 10._ reported a robbery.just haveisare二、数词考点透析1hundred，thousand，million，bi
12、llion表示确切的数目时，不能加s，如：two hundred students。如果表示不确切的数目，则在后加s，并与of连用，如：hundreds of teachers，thousands of farmers，millions of stars。2scores of与dozens of都表示概数，意为“数十，许多”，a score eggs(二十个鸡蛋)、a dozen eggs(十二个/一打鸡蛋)都是成立的，但可以说 a score of eggs，不能说 a dozen of eggs。3年代的表示法有两种。20世纪80年代可写成 in the 1980s 或 in the 19
13、80s。4“基数词名词”构成的定语，其中的名词用单数。例如：a threemonth baby，an 800wordcomposition。5序数词前如有the，表顺序，如：the Second World War，the first question;如果序数词前有不定冠词a，则表示“再，又”。例如：Ive failed six times，but I decided to have a seventh try.6常见的含数词的短语：in twos and threes 三三两两one or two days没几天；一两天first of all首先second to none 首屈一指，不
14、亚于任何人one by one 一个一个地ten to one十之八九one in ten十分之一fifty fifty对半强化训练一根据中文完成句子1我身高1米71，体重75公斤。Im _ and I weigh _.2百分之四十四的学生认为应当收取费用。_ think that fees should be charged.3我很高兴收到你6月7日的来信。I was very glad to receive your letter _.dated/of June 771 meters tall75 kilogramsFortyfour percent of the students4这个故
15、事发生在2012年2月8日早上7点15分。The story happened _ on the morning of _.5沿着这800米的街道有300多家商店。Along this _ street,there are _.6这套房子有25平方米，有一间卧室、一间浴室和一个厨房。It is _，with a bedroom,a bathroom and a kitchen.at 7：15800meterlongFebruary 8th,2012more than 300 shops25 square meters7如图2所示，他们只有10%的业余时间用在体育活动上。As is shown
16、on _，only _ _ is spent on sports activities.8上周，我们对2 600名学生就“谁是你的偶像”做了一个调查。Last week,we did a survey among _ on“Who is your idol”2,600 students Chart 2 10%of their spare time9图书馆开放时间是周一到周五从早上9点到晚上7点，周末不开门。The library is open _ from Monday to Friday and closed on weekends.10这个活动将持续23天，从6月1日至23日。The a
17、ctivity will last _，from _.11你可以搭17或59路巴士，地铁2号线在那也有一个站。You may take _ and _ has a stop there too.subway line 2 from 9 a.m.to 7 p.m.about ten daysJune 1st to 23rdbuses No.17 or 5912前门大街是一个著名的大街，有600多年的历史。Qianmen Street is a famous street with a history of _.13昨天气温下降到了摄氏零下8度。Yesterday the temperature
18、dropped to _.14澳大利亚人Allan Stewart出生于1915年3月7日，2006年他获硕士学位，是世界上获得硕士学位年龄最大的人。8 below zeromore than 600 yearsBorn _，Allan Stewart,an Australian,become the oldest man to obtain a masters degree all over the world _.15都江堰灌溉工程有2 000多年的历史，今天在灌溉方面仍然发挥重要的作用。Dujiangyan Irrigation Project has a history of _ _ and is still playing an important part in irrigation today.more than 2,000 years on March 7th,1915in 2006
