小升初语法专题讲练第10讲：形容词.docx

1、小升初语法第10讲：形容词知识点讲解与考题精练（有答案）【考点解读】小学阶段已经接触过大量的形容词，开始学习形容词（adj.）和副词(adv.)的用法及区别，特别是比较等级的表达方式。要初步掌握形容词和副词的区别，比较级最高级表达及运用，并且能够在句子中熟练运用它们。【知识讲解1】形容词1. 形容词的主要用法形容词是用来描述事物特征的词,如事物的大小,形状,颜色等;也可以用来陈述事物的状态。主要修饰名词和代词。其句法作用如下：(1) 形容词 + 名词形容词在修饰和描述名词时要放在名词前面a black car 一辆黑色汽车a red apple 一个苹果some tall trees 一些大树

2、(2) 系动词 + 形容词系动词包括be动词和look, feel, taste, sound, get等感官动词（在语法动词具体讲）形容词除了放在名词前对其进行修饰外，还可以放在系动词后说明主语的状态。l 状态系动词（be动词）+ 形容词Lisa is smart. 丽萨很聪明。Lisa is tall. 丽萨很高。Lisas hair is brown. 丽萨的头发是棕色。They are good at playing chess. 丽萨擅长下棋。l 持续系动词 + 形容词He always keeps silent at the meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。The shop

3、stays open till eight oclock. 商店开到八点。l 表象系动词 + 形容词He looks tired. 他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。l 感官动词 + 形容词The scarf feels very soft. 这条围巾手感很软。This flower smells nice. 这朵花闻起来很香。l 变化系动词 + 形容词The leaves turn green. 叶子变绿了。The egg becomes bigger. 鸡蛋变大了。(3) 动词+宾语+形容词，做宾语补足语：(make / keep/find

4、adj.)Robots can make humans lazy.（humans是宾语，lazy作宾补）What he said kept me calmer and calmer.All of us find English difficult.(4) 形容词或词组，+句子/ 句子，+形容词或词组，做状语He arrived home, hungry and cold.(5) 数量+表示长、宽、高、深、年龄等形容词（形容词后置）two meters long, ten centimeters wide, twenty feet deep, 28 years old.(6) the+形容词，表

5、示一类人，: the old 老人the young 年轻人the rich 富人the poor 穷人以上的这些词组表示的是复数，所以谓语动词用原形。The rich often enjoy their life in America.(7) 形似副词的形容词lonely, friendly, lively, lovely, silly，early,ugly.She is very lovely and friendly.My grandmother lives alone, but shes never lonely.(8) 以ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人ex

6、citing-excited, boring-bored, interesting-interested, moving-moved, tiring-tired, relaxing-relaxed, frightening-frightened, disappointing-disappointed特殊的：pleasant令人愉快的人或物，pleased人感到满意愉快的2. 形容词的常见句式（1）Its adj. of sb. to do sth.表示“某人做某事”用法：这一句型中，用的是描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词常见的有：nice-kind-good-polite, clever-foo

7、lish-lazy, careful-careless, right-wrong（2）Its adj. for sb. to do sth.表示“做某事对某人来说”常用的形容词有：difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting如：Its difficult to finish this task by myself.Its dangerous for you to swim alone here.【知识讲解2】形容词的比较级1. 形容词比较级的构成规则原级比较级最高级单音节词和部分双音节词大多数词后加e

8、r或esttallsmalltallersmaller(the) tallest(the) smallest以字母e结尾的词后加r或stnicefinenicerfiner(the) nicest(the) finest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写尾字母，再加er或estslimbigfatslimmerbiggerfatter(the) slimmest(the) biggest(the) fattest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，去掉y，再加ier或iestprettyeasyprettiereasier(the) prettiest(the) easiest多音节词和部分双音节词

9、在词的前面加more或mostbeautifulinterestingimportantmore/less beautifulmore/less interestingmore/less important(the) most/least beautiful(the) most/least interesting(the) most/least important2. 不规则变化原形比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworeworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfur

10、thestoldolderoldesteldereldest注意区别：farther只表示距离上 “更远的”further 引申义，指程度上“更进一步的”。elder 指“年长的”，常修饰人，用来表示出生顺序的前后和年龄的长幼。常作定语，不可用于than引导的比较状语从句。例：The elder sister gave her little sister an apple.older 指“年纪较大的，较老的，较旧的”，修饰人或物都行。既可作定语，也可作表语，可用于than引导的比较状语从句。例如：The older man in the photo is my grandfather. We

11、work in an older building. Your bag is older than mine.【考题精练】一、 写出下列形容词的反义词。1. little _ 2. full _ 3. few _ 4. near _ 5. fat _6. long _ 7. dry _8. old _ 9. quick _ 10. smooth _11. happy _12. early _ 13. new _14. hungry _15. wrong _16. same _ 17. dark _18. left _19. poor_ 20. hard _ 21. easy _22. free

12、 _23. dirty _24. large _ 25. tall _26. white _27. cheap _28. light _二、 单项选择。( )1. Dont cross the road, its _.A. niceB. earlyC. dangerousD. late( )2. What colour is the panda? Its _.A. redB. blackC. whiteD. black and white( )3. The apple tree is very _.A. tallB. longC. highD. strong( )4. The cheese i

13、n the bottle smells _.A. niceB. softC. whiteD. hard( )5. Jennys bell is too _.A. quiteB. quietC. strongD. tired( )6. The car is _, but it is very nice.A. newB. bigC. oldD. cheap( )7. -Is your grandma _? -Yes, she is.A. prettyB. longC. handsomeD.young( )8. The baby is sleeping. Please keep _.A. quiet

14、B. quiteC. noiseD. Noisy( )9. There are _ pictures on the wall.A. two new pinkB. two pink and newC. two pink newD. two new and pink( )10. Dont leave now. I have _ to tell you.A. nothing importantB. important anythingC. something importantD. important something三、 用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Youre too _ (noise)!

15、Be quiet!2. -How is Jane today? -He is very _. -Its really _ news. (good)3. Mike is an _ boy. (America)4. Spring is a _ season. (beauty)5. Be careful! The knife is _. (danger)6. English is my _ subject. I like it best. (favour)7. Take an umbrella. It is a _ day. (rain)四、 写出下列形容词的副词形式。1. unhappy _2.

16、early _3. hard _4. excited _5. fast _ 6. careful _7. beautiful _8. usual _9. sure _10. safe _11. good _12.important _13. busy _14. cheap _15. different _ 16. polite _17. late _ 18. possible _五、 根据答句，填入特殊疑问词。1. A: _ is the boy in blue? B: Hes Mike. 2. A: _ wallet is it? B: Its mine. 3. A: _ is the di

17、ary? B: Its under the chair. 4. A: _ is the Christmas Day? B: Its on the 25th of December. 5. A: _ _ are the earphones? B: They are 25 Yuan. 6. A: _ _ is the hairdryer? B: Its blue. 7. A: _ _ is it today? B: Its Sunday. 8. A: _ _ was it yesterday? B: It was the 13th of October. 9. A: _ _ is it from

18、here? B: Its about two kilometers away. 10. A: _ _ is your cousin? B: Hes 15 years old. 11. A: _ _ do you have dinner? B: At 6 oclock. 12. A: _ _ does your brother swim?B: Twice a week. 13. A: _ _ is the bag?B: Its 2 kilograms. 14. A: _ _ is the desk?B: Its 3 meters. 15. A:_ _ did you stay in Americ

19、a? B: For two years.16. A: _ _ will you come back. B: In five minutes.六、 在下列方框中选出合适的形容词填空，使句子完整、正确。angrybigboringbusyfullcleanuglyexpensiveeasygoodheavysmall1. The children washed the car. Now its _.2. She did her homework in ten minutes. The homework was _.3. He wasnt very hungry. He ordered a _ bo

20、wl of soup.4. The hunters(猎人) couldnt carry the dead elephant. It was too _.5. I cant pull all of the rocks in that car. The car isnt _ enough.6. Theres lots of work for us. Were going to be _.7. I enjoyed the play. The actors were _.8. Someone took their books. The men were _.9. The clothes were _. None of the actors wanted to wear them.10. The box was too _. He couldnt close it.11. The speech is _. All of the people there feel sleepy.12. The cars are too _ for most of the people to buy.参 考 答 案一、二、三、四、五、六、