1、Unit 4Global warming主题语境:人与自然环境保护Section Grammar课后篇巩固提升一、对画线部分进行强调1.He began his medical research after he got financial help.答案It was after he got financial help that he began his medical research.2.He didnt mention his own plan until the end of the letter.答案It was not until the end of the letter t
2、hat he mentioned his own plan.3.Why didnt you attend the birthday party of your best friend?答案Why was it that you didnt attend the birthday party of your best friend?4.The culture,rather than the language,made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.答案It was the culture,rather than th
3、e language,that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.二、阅读理解Finding fish is going to get harder as climate change continues to heat the worlds oceans.A new study finds that warming seas over the past 80 years have reduced the sustainable catch of 124 species of fish and shellfi
4、sh.A sustainable catch refers to the amount that can be harvested without doing long-term damage to the health of populations of some species.Overfishing has made that decline worse,researchers say.Overfishing refers to catching so many fish that the size of the population falls.In some parts of the
5、 world,such as the heavily fished Sea of Japan,the decrease is as high as 35 percent.Thats a loss of more than one in every three fish.Researchers examined changes in 235 populations of fish and shellfish between 1930 and 2010.Those fish populations spread far apart across 38 ocean regions.Temperatu
6、re changes vary from one ocean site to another.But on average over that time,Earths sea-surface temperatures have risen by about half a degree Celsius.On average,that warming has caused the sustainable catch to drop by 4.1 percent,the study found.About 8 percent of the fish and shellfish populations
7、 the team studied saw losses as a result of the ocean warming.However,about 4 percent of some populations increased.Thats because certain species have thrived in warmer waters.One example is a kind of black sea fish.It lives along the northeastern L.S.coast.As warming continues,these fish will repro
8、duce faster until they reach their limit.About 3.2 billion people worldwide rely on seafood as a source of food.That means its urgent for commercial fishing fleets and regulators to consider how climate change is affecting the health of all of those fish in the sea.1.What does the new study discover
9、?A.Overfishing is to blame for fish health.B.Warming seas cause fewer fish and shellfish.C.Seafood matters to peoples health worldwide.D.The living regions of fish and shellfish are different.答案B解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“A new study finds that warming seas over the past 80 years have reduced the sustainable
10、 catch of 124 species of fish and shellfish.”可知,新的研究发现,海水升温导致鱼类和水生有壳动物减少。故选B项。2.What does the underlined word “thrived” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Survived narrowly.B.Disappeared soon.C.Decreased sharply.D.Developed quickly.答案D解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“One example.As warming continues,these fish will rep
11、roduce faster until they reach their limit.”可知,随着升温继续,这些鱼将快速繁殖直到它们的极限,据此可推知,画线词的含义与“reproduce faster”相近,故选 D项。3.What do we know about species of fish and shellfish?A.About 8 percent of them suffered from a great loss.B.About 35 percent of them survived in the Sea of Japan.C.About 3.2 billion species
12、 have been saved up to now.D.About 80 species have died out because of warming seas.答案A解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“About 8 percent of the fish and shellfish populations the team studied saw losses as a result of the ocean warming.”可知,大约8%的鱼类和水生有壳动物数量上遭受了重大损失。故选A项。根据第二段第三句“In some parts.the decrease is as high
13、 as 35 percent.”可知,B项表述错误;根据第五段第一句“About 3.2 billion people worldwide rely on seafood as a source of food.”可知,C 项表述错误;文章没有提到D项所表述的内容。4.From which is the text probably taken?A.A cooking guide.B.A science magazine.C.A news review.D.A health brochure.答案B解析 推理判断题。通读全文可知,一项最新研究显示,随着海洋变暖,鱼类和水生有壳动物的数量正在减少。
14、这在一定程度上影响了渔业的产量和这些生物的健康。由此可推知,本文属于科学类文章。故选B项。三、七选五阅读理解Like most people,your natural instinct (本能) is probably to help others when you can.1 Whether youre refusing an invitation to a party or turning down a new project at work,you can say no while still being respectful.Whatever the situation is,be c
15、lear,polite and firm when saying no.Express your thanks.2 If you have to turn someone down,express your thanks that they thought of you in the first place.You could say something like,“Thanks for considering me responsible enough to watch your kids.Im sorry that Im busy that evening.”Think before yo
16、u speak.If you say no immediately,it might seem like you didnt even consider the request.In order to be respectful,take a moment to think about your answereven if you already know what it is going to be.3Give a clear answer.Saying no respectfully shows that youre honest and direct.4 If you cant help
17、,say no.If someone is asking you on a date and you dont want to go,make that clear.5 You can say no without completely turning down the request.By setting boundaries,you can make it clear exactly what you can do and what you are willing to do.For example,you could say,“Im not free for dinner,but I w
18、ould be coming for a quick drink after work.”A.Find a way to compromise.B.Take a pause,and then kindly say no.C.But sometimes,you just need to say no.D.Its strange to feel guilty for turning someone down.E.Make it clear that you sincerely appreciate being asked.F.If you feel it necessary,you can als
19、o provide a reason for your answer.G.Do not give people false hope that you will be able to satisfy their request.答案15 CEBGA四、完形填空(2019全国)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro,the highest mountain in Africa.They 1 with them lots of waste.The 2 might damage the beauty of the pla
20、ce.The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing,changing the 3 of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories,Im 4 about the placeother destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.However,I soon 5 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 6 among tons of rubbish.I find a 7 mountain,with
21、 toilets at camps and along the paths.The environmental challenges are 8 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 9.The best of a Kilimanjaro 10,in my opinion,isnt reaching the top.Mountains are 11 as spiritual places by many cultures.This 12 is especially evident on K
22、ilimanjaro as 13 go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers.At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters,14 lands of low growing plants.Further up,the weather 15low clouds envelope the mountainsides,which are covered with thick grass.I 16 twelve shades of green
23、 from where I stand.Above 4,000 meters is the highland 17:gravel(砾石),stones and rocks.18 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 19 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro 20 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?I found th
24、e opposite to be true.1.A.keepB.mixC.connectD.bring答案D解析由上文“每年大约有四万人试图攀爬乞力马扎罗山”和下文“或许会破坏它的美感”可知,众多的登山者带来了许多垃圾。bring with“带来”。故选D项。2.A.storiesB.buildingsC.crowdsD.reporters答案C解析由上文可知,每年约四万人攀爬乞力马扎罗山,拥挤的人群(及所带来的垃圾)或许会影响它的美感。crowds“拥挤的人群”。故选C项。3.A.positionB.ageC.faceD.name答案C解析由上文可知,此处表示冰川正在消融,改变着乞力马扎罗山
25、的面貌。face“面貌”;position“位置”;age“年龄”;name“名字”。故选C项。4.A.silentB.skepticalC.seriousD.crazy答案B解析根据上文讲述的乞力马扎罗山的气候环境变化和下文的“其他旅游景点被描述得更加纯净天然”可知,此处意为听完这些故事,“我”对乞力马扎罗山的自然美景持怀疑态度。skeptical“怀疑的”;silent“沉默的”;serious“严肃的”;crazy“疯狂的”。故选B项。5.A.discoverB.argueC.decideD.advocate答案A解析根据句首However表示转折可知,与前面的描述不同,作者不久发现了乞
26、力马扎罗山的美,故选A项。discover“发现”;argue“争论”; decide“决定”;advocate“拥护”。6.A.equipmentB.grassC.campsD.stones答案C解析此处指的是自从乞力马扎罗山上营地周围成吨垃圾的报道后,情况发生了许多变化。下文又接着讲述作者在营地和道路上看到了厕所,由此推知,上文中提到的报道指的是以前的营地是坐落在垃圾堆中的,现在干净了许多。camp“营地”;equipment“装备”;grass“草”;stone“石头”。故选C项。7.A.remoteB.quietC.tallD.clean答案D解析本句提到作者在营地和道路旁边看到了许多
27、厕所,与在报道中出现的垃圾堆中的营地截然不同,干净卫生。故选D项。8.A.newB.specialC.significantD.necessary答案C解析前文提到了作者担心乞力马扎罗山面临的严峻的环境问题会毁坏它在人们心目中的美的形象。此处指的是面临的环境考验是很重要的(significant)。故选C项。9.A.paying offB.spreading outC.blowing upD.fading away答案A解析本句but表示转折关系,虽然环境面临着考验,坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局做出的努力似乎挺奏效。pay off“成功;奏效;达到目的”;spread out“展开;铺开”;blow
28、 up“爆炸”;fade away“逐渐消失”。故选A项。10.A.atmosphereB.experienceC.experimentD.sight答案B解析由上文第二段中的“.other destinations are described as purer natural experiences.”可知此空填experience。句意:在我看来,攀登乞力马扎罗山的最佳体验并不仅仅在于到达顶峰。11.A.studiedB.observedC.exploredD.regarded答案D解析由下文可知,乞力马扎罗山的很多山脉被许多文化视为精神家园。be regarded as.“被视为”。故选
29、D项。12.A.viewB.qualityC.reasonD.purpose答案A解析本句进一步解释上句内容,为什么乞力马扎罗山的很多山脉被许多文化视为精神家园。随着人们在几千米的空间内穿过五种生态系统,这种“观点”尤其明显。故选A项。13.A.scientistsB.climbersC.localsD.officials答案B解析此处指攀登者可以在几千米的空间内穿过五种生态系统。故选B项。climber“攀登者”;scientist“科学家”;local“当地人,本地人”;official“官员”。14.A.holding on toB.going back toC.living up to
30、D.giving way to答案D解析上文讲到山脚处是雨林,它在3 000米的地方突然结束。“让位”给矮生植物。故选D项。give way to“给让位”;hold on to“坚持”;go back to“返回”;live up to“达到”。15.A.changesB.clearsC.improvesD.permits答案A解析由上文可知,有五种生态系统,所以再往上气候又有变化。故选A项。16.A.matchB.imagineC.countD.add答案C解析由上文可知,低云压山,茂密的草丛覆盖着山腰,本句则为从作者所站之处望去可以数到12种浓淡深浅的绿色。故选C项。17.A.villa
31、geB.desertC.roadD.lake答案B解析此处指的是4 000米以上为高原沙漠环境。根据下文的砾石、石头和岩石可知为类沙漠环境的描述。desert“沙漠”;village“村庄”;road“道路”; lake“湖泊”。故选B项。18.A.ObviouslyB.EasilyC.ConsequentlyD.Finally答案D解析由上文可知,作者已经讲了四种生态系统:rainforest,low growing plants,thick grass,highland desert,还有最后的也是最冷的arctic-like zone(类北极地带),故选D项。19.A.permanent
32、B.littleC.freshD.artificial答案A解析本句意为“类北极地带上方有永久的积雪和冰川,但它们可能不久后会融化”。permanent“永久的”;little“小的”;fresh“新鲜的”;artificial“人造的”。故选A项。20.A.enjoyB.deserveC.saveD.acquire答案B解析文章最后作者发出感慨:一个人满为患,破坏了原有宁静的乞力马扎罗山还能名副其实吗?“我”发现恰恰相反。故选B项。五、语篇填空Household garbage sorting and recycling have become a hot topic in Shanghai
33、 because of Chinas first compulsory garbage-separation law 1 every household and institution shall classify waste into four 2 (category).Those who fail to sort garbage may 3 (fine) up to 200 yuan.Previously,everything went into one bin,so this change has made many people very 4 (worry),who said they
34、 were struggling to master the details quickly.Now thanks to the efforts of 5 number of young programmers,discovering the proper classification for each piece of household waste has become as simple as taking a photo 6 calling someone using your smartphone.They have applied speech and image recognit
35、ion technologies 7 apps and other smartphone services to guide Shanghai residents through the garbage-separation rules.Most of the apps and services,which 8(begin) springing up last month in app stores,on messaging tool WeChat and mobile payment service Alipay,allow users to type in the name of wast
36、e 9 (identify) which category it belongs to.Many apps also use speech and image recognition to make the process much easier,but their creators say they will disappear in time with the Chinese 10 (become) more accustomed to the rules.答案1.that2.categories3.be fined4.worried5.a6.or7.to8.began9.to ident
37、ify10.becoming六、选词创境运用下列词汇,自己创设一个语境,形成一个小语段。state,tendency,on the whole,on behalf of,put up with,so long as,advocate,make contributions to参考范文I think the conference was a great success on the whole.The lecture that Mr.Brown gave on behalf of his country was well received.He stated that the temperatu
38、re had the tendency to go up and that it is going up by 1 on average every five years.He added that we wouldnt put up with polluting our environment.He advocated that the government should punish pollution.He believes that well have a bluer sky and cleaner rivers so long as we make contributions to our environment.