1、Module3Unit 3Back to the past1、辨析remain,stay(1)remain与stay表示“留下，继续保持某一状态”时，常作连系动词，可以互换，其后接名词、形容词、介词短语等作表语。(2)当表示“剩下”(即其余的一切都被拿走、除去、破坏等)，通常只用remain而不用stay。(3)当表示“在某处或在某处住下”时，常用stay而不用remain。(4)remains n(常用复数)所剩下的，遗留下的东西He stayed/remained outside while we entered the room.他留在外面，我们进了屋子。What remains of
2、the orginal art collection is now in the city museum.原来的艺术收藏品剩下来的现在都在市博物馆里。He wants to stay with a friend in the country for a week.他想和一个朋友在乡下待一个星期。The remains of the meal are in the fridge.剩下的饭菜在冰箱里。With only 20 dollars remaining in his wallet,he couldnt order even a decent supper.钱包里只剩下20美元了，他连一份像
3、样的晚餐也买不了。Ladies and gentlemen,please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.A.seated B.seating C.to seat D.seatA 句意：女士们，先生们，请在飞机完全停下来之后再离开座位。考查非谓语动词作表语。remain“仍然是，保持不变”，是连系动词，后接不定式表示将要发生的动作，seat是及物动词，“使某人就座”为seat oneself，故用过去分词作表语。2、protect vt.保护(使不受的影响或破坏)其常用句型为：protectfrom/against，fr
4、om/against后接能带来伤害或损害之物。He wore a pair of sunglasses to protect his eyes(from/against)strong light.他戴上太阳镜以保护他的眼睛不受强光影响。In this shelter,the injured birds are protected from human hunting.在这个栖身之处，受伤的鸟儿们不会受到人类的猎杀。At minus 130，a living cell can be _ for a thousand years.A.spared B.protected C.preserved D
5、.developed C 句意：在130，一个活细胞可以保存1000年。考查动词词义辨析。A抽出；B保护；C保护，保存；D发展，研制。根据句意选C。3、influence v.影响，感化 n.U 影响力，感化力，势力，权势Dont let me influence your decision.不要让我影响你的决定。Listening to the music has a calming influence on her.听音乐对她起了一种镇静的作用。According to Freud,ones childhood experience will have a huge influence o
6、n their ideas of life when they are adults.根据弗洛伊德的说法，一个人年少时的经历会对其成年后的思想产生很大影响。have a good/badinfluence on/upon/over 对有好的/坏的影响under the influence of 受的影响influence sb.(to do sth.)支配/左右某人做某事表示“对有影响”还可以用：affect/influence；haveeffect on/uponChina has got a good _ for fighting against the flu with its care
7、ful and smooth organization.A.reputation B.influence C.impression D.knowledgeA 句意：在抗击流感中，中国以细心和顺利的组织而获得良好的声誉。考查名词词义辨析。A声誉；B影响；C印象；D知识。注意它们与介词的搭配，havereputation for，have influence on，make an impression on，have a good knowledge of。4、aware adj.意识到的，察觉到的be aware ofbe aware thatWere you aware of the risk
8、s at the time?你当时意识到风险了吗？I suddenly became aware of(started to notice)him looking at me.我突然注意到他在看着我。4、aware adj.意识到的，察觉到的I was not aware of/was unaware of his anger then.我当时没有意识到他的愤怒。The headmaster didnt seem to be aware that there should have been so much dispute about the decision.校长好像没有意识到这个表决竟然有
9、这么多分歧。be afraid of 害怕be worthy of 值得be proud of 以为骄傲be fond of 喜欢be short of 缺少be guilty of 犯(某种罪，过失)awareness n.意识Public awareness of the problem will make politicians take it seriously.公众对于这个问题的关注将会使政治家们认真对待它。“be adj.of”结构短语常见的还有：5、judge n.&vt.判断His father used to be a judge.他的父亲曾是个法官。Shes a good
10、judge of wine.她是一个很好关于酒的鉴赏家。Dont judge a man by his looks.不要以貌取人。judge sb./sth.by/from 通过判断judging from/by 根据判断judge between right and wrong 判断是非in ones judgement 依某人看；依某人判断Dont judge a book by its cover.不可凭外表作出判断。judging from/by是一个独立成分句型，一般地说，它只用其v.ing形式作状语。用与judge相关的词汇填空_ from his appearance,he mu
11、st be a rich man._(根据她的判断),he must be from the south.JudgingIn her judgment1、no doubt 毫无疑问No doubt she will call us when she gets there.她到达那里必定会给我们打电话。There is no doubt of his success.There is no doubt that he will succeed.I have no doubt that he will succeed.He will succeed without doubt.对他的成功毋庸置疑。
12、2、take over 接管，接替，接任When she fell ill her daughter took over the business from her.她生病时她女儿接管了她的生意。Mr.Collins will take over my duties for a week after I leave.在我离开后柯林斯先生将接替我的工作一个星期。After the UK ruled Hong Kong for 100 years,China took over this area,which was already an international financial cente
13、r.英国统治了香港100年后，中国接管了这个已经成为一个国际金融中心的地区。3、run through 跑着穿过；(使)在流过；反复练习，复习；匆匆阅读，贯穿于之中；挥霍Run through your notes before class.上课前把笔记复习一下。This theme runs through the whole book.该主题贯穿全书。The heir soon run through his fortune.那个继承人很快就把财产挥霍完了。get through 完成，到达，接通电话，结束，及格go through 检查，审查，搜查，完成，做完，练习，遭受，经受，经历，穿
14、过，通过see through 看破，看穿look through 浏览，快速查看The girl is working very hard,expecting to _ the test.A.get through B.see through C.look through D.run throughA句意：这女孩正在努力学习，希望通过考试。A通过，及格；B看穿；C浏览；D流过，贯穿。根据句意选A。4、stop sb.from doing sth.(prevent/keep sb.from doing sth.)防止/阻止某人做在主动语态中，stop/prevent sb.from doing
15、 中的from 可以省略，但是在被动语态中不可以省。keep sb.from doing sth.中的from主动、被动语态中都不能省，因为keep sb.doing 意为“使某人不停地做某事”。The heavy rain stopped/prevented her(from)going out.The heavy rain kept her from going out.She was stopped from going out by the heavy rain.大雨阻止了她出去。As citizens,we should do what we can to stop our rive
16、r _.A.from polluted B.from polluting C.polluting D.being pollutedD句意：作为市民，我们应该尽力防止我们的河流被污染。A中from后要加being才对。“河流被污染”表被动，故选D。1、When I walked around the city,I saw streets just as they had been,with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days!当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持着原样的街道
17、，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨天你就不用在泥泞中行走！本句为并列复合句，以so为分界点，I saw streets和you did not have to为两个平行的句子，when引导时间状语从句，just as从句和with复合结构均为streets的后置定语。2、By the age of thirty,he had already occupied more than land than anyone before到30岁时，他已经占领比以前任何人更多的土地句子中有by 过去时间的时间状语以及by the time 过去时的时间状语从句，谓语动词使用过去完成时。By the time he
18、was fourteen,Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.到爱因斯坦14岁时，他已经自学了高等数学。C句意：当我与奶奶在电话中交谈时，她的声音听起来很虚弱，但到我们挂断电话时，她的声音已经充满了活力。考查动词时态。据题干her voice had been full of life为过去的过去，因此我们挂断电话为过去的动作。by the time 一般过去时的从句，主句用过去完成时，表示“到时候为止，已经”。When I talked with my grandma on the phone,she sounde
19、d weak,but by the time we _ up,her voice had been full of life.A.were hanging B.had hung C.hung D.would hang1.D句意：不论你是多么能说会道，但有些时候保持沉默会更好。句中的it作形式主语，动词不定式做真正的主语，即常见的it is adj.to do结构。1.No matter how bright a talker you are,there are times when its better _ silent.(2012浙江)A.remain B.be remaining C.ha
20、ving remained D.to remain2.Aremain表示“留下来，剩下来，继续存在”，无被动语态；此处作为“继续存在”无进行时态。2.The palace caught fires three times in the last century,and little of the original building _ now.(2010重庆)A.remains B.is remained C.is remaining D.has been remained动词的语态(1)表达句子主语与谓语动词逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系的谓语动词形式叫动词的语态，其中主谓关系是主动语态，动宾关
21、系是被动语态。动词的语态是动词的属性之一。各种时态的被动语态句式结构(以do为例)1一般现在时：主语am/is/are done 其他2现在进行时：主语am/is/are being done其他3现在完成时：主语has/have been done其他4现在完成进行时：主语has/have been being done其他5一般过去时：主语was/were done其他6过去进行时：主语was/were being done其他7过去完成时：主语had been done其他8过去完成进行时：主语had been being done 其他9一般将来时：主语shall/will be do
22、ne其他10将来进行时：主语shall/will be being done 其他11将来完成时：主语shall/will have been done其他12将来完成进行时：主语shall/will have been being done其他13过去将来时：主语should/would be done其他14过去将来进行时：主语should/would be being done其他15过去将来完成时：主语should/would have been done其他16过去将来完成进行时：主语should/would have been being done其他英语中，大多数情况下用主动语态
23、比较简练、有力。但是，被动语态也有其特殊的用途，它也是表达思想、描述事物的需要。人们通常在下列情况下使用被动语态：1不知道或不必说出动作的执行者How is this word pronounced?这个单词怎么发音？Scientists say that work is done whenever a force moves.科学家们说，力移动时就做了功。After war,everything had been destroyed.战争结束后，一切都被毁坏了。2强调动作的承受者Xiao Li was elected monitor of the class.小李被选为班长。3动作的执行者不
24、是人而是无生命的事物The bridge was washed away by the flood.桥被洪水冲走了。4修辞的需要，为了使句子更加简练、匀称He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.他出现在舞台上，受到了观众的热烈鼓掌。5为了表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己Everybody is expected to obey the following rules.希望大家遵守以下规定。6科技文献中为了客观地描述事情及其过程The film is coated with lightsen
25、sitive chemicals,which are changed by the different shades and colours of light.胶卷上涂了一层感光的化学物质，这些物质因光的不同色度与颜色而改变。7新闻报道中为了体现新闻的客观性The westeast gas pipeline project was kicked off on July 4,a big event in the nations west development campaign.西气东输工程7月4日开工，这是国家西部大开发战略的一件大事。8有些动词习惯上常用被动语态He was born in
26、this city.他出生在这个城市。注意：被动语态中的by短语通常可以省去。但如果by短语是句子的重点所在，或者没有by短语全句的意思不完整时，则要保留by短语。He arrived at the airport,where he was met by his friend.他到达了机场并受到朋友的迎接。(没有by his friend，句子的意思不完整)高考湖南卷的单选题中动词的语态必考，而且每年1题，总计1分。1在使用被动语态时，千万不要遗漏句末的介词或副词。Such a bad habit should be got rid of.这样的坏习惯应该改掉。All the importan
27、t matters have now been attended to.现在，所有重要的事情都得到了处理。2双重被动结构双重被动结构指的是句中谓语动词和其后的不定式均为被动结构，句子的主语既是谓语动词的承受者，同时又是不定式动作的承受者。They asked us to discuss the problem at once.We were asked to discuss the problem at once.The problem was asked to be discussed at once.这个问题被要求立刻讨论。(双重被动)3下列句子变成被动语态时，要用with，不用bySmo
28、ke filled the meeting room.The meeting room was filled with smoke.A cloth covered the table.The table was covered with a cloth.4不能变为被动语态的结构(1)受动词的限制表示状态的及物动词，只能用于主动语态。某些表示状态的及物动词，如have,own,cost,lack,want(缺乏),become(适合),fit,resemble,fail,last,flee,benefit,hold等作谓语时，不能变为被动句。She resembles her mother.她像
29、她妈妈。He lacks selfconfidence.他缺乏自信。This hall can hold 2，000 people.这个大厅能容纳两千人。当及物动词have表示“吃饭”、“患病”、“明白”、“知道”等意思时，没有被动语态形式。Would you have a cup of tea?你要喝杯茶吗？当动词get，take表示“懂得”、“知道”，owe表示“欠”，cost表示“使失去(生命、健康等)”的意思时，动词没有相应的被动语态。Do you get me?你明白我的意思吗？How do you take this passage?这段话你怎么理解？I owe 50 pounds
30、 to you.我欠你50英镑。(2)受宾语的限制当宾语是相互代词、反身代词或具有类似相互代词的关系时，动词不能用于被动语态。They simply cannot contain themselves for joy.他们简直无法抑制内心的喜悦。For years the two sisters looked after one another.多年来两姐妹互相照顾。当宾语前带有主语的形容词性物主代词时，谓语动词通常不能转换为被动语态。I could not believe my eyes when I saw him still alive.看到他还活着，我简直不相信自己的眼睛。The do
31、ctor shook his head and then went out without any words.医生摇了摇头，一句话也没说就出去了。注意：动词的宾语是身体的一部分，一般不可变为被动语态，但也有例外。He fixed his eyes on the oil painting.His eyes were fixed on the oil painting.当宾语起状语作用，表示数量、重量、大小或程度时，不能用被动语态。This kind of dictionary costs ten dollars.这种字典价值10美元。The case weighs twenty kilos.这
32、箱子重20公斤。当宾语是同源宾语时，通常不能转换成被动语态。She dreamt a sweet dream.她做了一个美梦。如果宾语是动词不定式或动词的ing形式时，谓语动词一般不能转换成被动语态。He admitted having done wrong.他承认做错了。He has decided to go and study abroad.他已决定出国留学。如果enter,leave,reach的宾语是地点、国家机关等，不能改为被动语态。He left the army in 1998.他1998年退伍。She entered the hall at once.她立刻就进入了大厅。另外
33、，不可拆开的短语动词，如take place,lose heart,belong to,consist of,change colour等，也不能改为被动语态。The book belongs to me.这本书是我的。She caught a very bad cold.她患了重感冒。1.The bridge,which _ 1688,needs repairing.A.is dated from B.was dated from C.dates from D.dated fromC此题容易误选B或D，认为句中用了 1688 这个过去时间，所以应选过去时态，又因为 date from 不用于
34、被动语态，所以只能选D。其实此题的最佳答案应是C，因为 date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今”(have existed since)，它通常用于一般现在时，而不用过去时态(尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间)，除非所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，如：The church,which dated from the 13th century,was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago.(那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。)2.Do you like the material?Yes,it _ very soft.A.is feel
35、ing B.felt C.feels D.is feltC此题容易误选D，想当然地根据“这布料摸起来很柔软”这一句意，认为“布料”应是“被摸”，所以 feel 选用被动语态。其实，此题正确答案为C，因为 feel 在此为连系动词，而所有的连系动词均为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，尽管有时其汉语意思有被动意味。3.My dictionary_.I have looked for it everywhere but still _.A.has lost;do not find B.is missing;do not find C.has lost;have not found D.is missing;have not foundDlose是个及物动词，如果要表示某物丢失了，只能用被动语态。A项与C项使用的都是其主动形式。missing是形容词，其词义是：lost；not to be found(丢失了)，据此，第一空应填入is missing。根据语境，第二空应填入使用现在完成时的否定形式，因为它可以表示目前还未发生的动作。
Copyright@ 2020-2024 m.ketangku.com网站版权所有