1、Match the people with their achievementDa Vinci Don Quixote Galileo HamletCervantes Free Fall ExperimentShakespeare Mona LisaCopernicus 哥白尼(Nicolaus Copernicus,1473-1543),波兰天文学家、日心说创立者,近代天文学的奠基人。哥白尼经过长期的天文观测和研究,创立了更为科学的宇宙结构体系日心说,从此否定了在西方统治达一千多年的地心说。日心说经历了艰苦的斗争后,才为人们所接受,这是天文学上一次伟大的革命,不仅引起了人类宇宙观的重大革新,
2、而且从根本上动摇了欧洲中世纪宗教神学的理论支柱。“从此自然科学便开始从神学中解放出来”,“科学的发展从此便大踏步前进”（恩格斯自然辩证法）。哥白尼著有阐述日心说的天体运行论(1543年出版),由于受到时代的局限,在日心说中保留了所谓“完美的”圆形轨道等论点。其后开普勒建立行星运动三定律,牛顿发现万有引力定律，以及行星光行差、视差相继发现,日心说遂建立在更加稳固的科学基础上。We all know something about Copernicus.He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to co
3、llect information.He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets goes around it.The chart on P.7 shows his theory.Pre-readingCopernicus Revolutionary TheoryBirth:February 19,1473Death:May 24,1543Place of Birth:Toru,PolandCareer:1491-1494 Studied mathematics at Krak
4、w Academy1496 Went to Italy to study astronomy and law at the University of BolognaNicolas Copernicus1497 Began observations of the Sun,Moon,and planets 1514 Wrote Commentariolus,an outline of his astronomical ideas,but did notcirculate it widely1543 Published De RevolutionibusOrbium Coelestium(On t
5、he Revolutions of the Celestial)1.At Copernicus time,Christian Church 2.was in charge of many western 3.countries.TRead through the passage,and tell whether the following statements are true or false.3.Copernicus didnt show his new theory to his friends until he completed it.4.His friends were not i
6、nterested in his ideas.TF2.Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth,some planets appears in front of or behind the earth.F5.Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church,Copernicus published his book as soon as he finished working on it.6.Newton,Einstein,and Hawking are all scientis
7、ts who made contribution to the study of the universe.FTRead carefully again and try to draw the two theories of the universe.Before Copernicus theoryShowing Copernicus theoryA diagram showing the solar system with the Earth at its centreA diagram showing the solar system with the Sun at its centreA
8、nalyze the following picture carefully and try to explain how a loop is formed.Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,I am a student studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system.I hope you will publish it for several reasons.Sample writing(P7)I understand the proble
9、ms with the present theory.The way the planets move is not what you would expect if the earth was the centre of the universe.It is also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change.So I agree with you that we need a new theory.I know your observations have been very carefully carried out ov
10、er many years.Now you must have the courage to publish them.Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs.I know you worry about what will happen if you publish your new theory.No matter how people oppose it,time will show whether your ideas are right or wrong.So I hope y
11、ou will feel you can publish your new theory.Yours sincerely,(your name)1).Mao Zedong is the great leader of the Chinese R_.evolutionLanguage points1.Fill in the blankets with proper words.2).The Invention of the computer caused a r_ in our way of living.evolution3).Sun Zhongsan is a great r_ leader
12、.4).Yuan Longping created a r_ new way of growing rice.evolutionaryevolutionary2.lead to:to result in 导致Your carelessness will lead to the trouble in the future.cigarette deathaccident lossmistake resignscandal firelead to1).to have a clear meaning No matter how I tried to read it,the sentence didnt
13、 make sense.It makes sense to take care of your health.2).to be wise course of action3.make plete;competea.They found themselves _ with foreign companies for a share of the market.b.The building took two and a half years to _.competingcomplete5.spinspunspin a topa spinning coina spinning wheelspunsp
14、inning We span the coin to see who would have first turn.I spun around to see who had spoken.6.enthusiastic:be interested inShes very _ singing.We explain our plan,and he is very _.enthusiasticabout/overenthusiasticenthusiastic enthusiasm enthusiastically She shows boundless _ for the work.She greet
15、ed him _ with a kiss.She is very _ about Eastern music.enthusiasmenthusiasticallyenthusiastic7.cautious:careful to avoid riskbe cautious about/of sb./sth.cautiouslyThe guard warned me to be cautious about strangers.The bank is very cautious about lending money.My father is a very cautious driver.银行在
16、贷款方面十分慎重。警卫告戒我要当心陌生人。我的爸爸是一位非常谨慎的司机。cautious;curiousa.Ive always been very _ about giving my address to strangers.b.He is very _ about the origin of mankind.cautiouscurious8.If you dont like Tom,you may r_ his gift.If you dont think the suggestion is suitable for you,you may r_ it.ejectejectrejectan
17、 offera possibilitya theoryrefuse to acceptrejectedcandidate applicant 请选用方框内所给词的适当形式填空。Tom dreamed of joining the army when he was very young.He was very _ and made a plan to study hard.He was _ about the plan.But when he was about 16,he got a bad illness.Because of this,he was _ in his studies and
18、 also he was _ by the army.backward;complete;enthusiastic;cautious;rejectcautiousenthusiasticbackwardrejectedHe was so sad that he almost fainted at the news.His parents suggested to him that he have other choices.Then he followed his parents advice and decided to go to the west to help those poor s
19、tudents after he _ his studies in the college.backward;complete;enthusiastic;cautious;rejectcompleted用适当的介词填空。1.The quarrel led _ the fighting between the two villagers.2.He is always positive _ trying new ideas.3.His father is very strict _ him and strict _ his studies too.toaboutwithin4.We should
20、base our theory _ fact.5.The photo calls up the memory of his childhood _ times.6.According to my point _ view,we should stick to our plan.onatofReading task on P44Whats Eulers puzzle?Koningsberg is an island and there is a river breaking it into two parts.“Seven Bridges of Konigsberg”and the famous
21、“Euler path”.People wondered if they could walk around the city by crossing the seven bridges without going over any of them twice or going back on himself,but Euler found he couldnt cross all the seven ones.This is Eulers puzzle.The first stage in his research is to find the problem that he could c
22、ross six of the bridges without going over any of them twice or going back on himself,but he couldnt cross all seven.How did Euler prepare for his research?The second stage is to think of a method:He drew a map and used dots and lines to simplify his analysis.Trying and observing over and over again
23、,he found a general rule.It is topology.Eulers theory is called“The Euler path”,which is expressed like this:If a figure has more than two odd points,you cannot go over it without lifting your pencil from the page or going over a line twice.What are the theories?So the general rule that Euler found is the even points and the odd points.Look at the following pictures:ConclusionEulers theory(一笔画)可以一笔画只有两种情况：1.没有奇数顶点。2.只有两个奇数顶点。
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