1、（11）Unit 1 Science and Scientists2021-2022学年高二英语人教版（2019）寒假作业第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common. After all, the scientist is engaged
2、in serious research to uncover the nature of the physical world, and the baby is, well, just playing.right? Perhaps, but some developmental psychologists have argued that this play is more like a scientific investigation than one might think. Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. Each
3、 time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge, it falls in the groundand, in the process, it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact; bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic
4、fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the babys investigation and the sc
5、ientists experiment appear to share the same aim(to learn about the natural world) , overall approach(gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic(Are my observations what I expected?). Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this wayth
6、at they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. It may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering and finally overturning a theory that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has
7、. For example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesnt like the Dove chocolate. Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alik
8、e? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effortthe desire to explore, explain, and understand our worldis simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use
9、of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, it is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.1. Ac
10、cording to some developmental psychologists, _. A. a babys play is nothing more than a gameB. a babys play is somehow similar to a scientists experimentC. scientists should conduct scientific investigation with babiesD. research into babies games helps to reveal the nature of physics2. Children may
11、learn the rules of language by _. A. exploring the physical worldB. investigating human psychologyC. repeating their own experimentsD. observing their parents behaviors3. What is the main idea of the whole passage?A. The world may be more clearly explained through childrens play. B. Studying babies
12、play may lead to a better understanding of science. C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists. D. Ones drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows. B In the distant past, our ancestors relied on stars to guide them on a clear night. Today, we have na
13、vigational(导航的) systems to help us find our way, the latest of which is the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). The BDS is entirely built by Chinese engineers. With the launch of the last satellite from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on June 23, the global network of 59 satellites has bee
14、n completed. On July 31, Beidou started providing services covering our whole planet. Its difficult to imagine the great influence those satellites have on our daily lives. When you unlock one of Hellobikes bicycles, you are using the BDS. The intelligent lock on each bike receives Beidou satellite
15、signals and sends positioning information to the data center which will help collect big data on the bikes and predict users riding needs in advance according to the data, Chu Yiqun, a manager of Hellobike mentioned. Users can also find shared bikes more accurately(精确地) thanks to Beidous global posi
16、tioning accuracy of 2.34 meters. Beidou adopts a unique two-way communication system, including its ability to receive messages sent by people from areas with poor communication signals. Obviously this function isnt designed for users to chat online. Instead, it plays a role when disasters occur and
17、 communications are blocked. After the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008, all ground-based communication facilities were interrupted. Though the first generation of Beidou could only send 120 characters in a single message at that time, communication between affected areas and rescue(救援) centers was succe
18、ssful. Now, Beidous messaging ability has been increased to 1, 200 Chinese characters in a single message. It is widely used in disaster alarms, automatic identification and information release. As Sun Jiadong, former chief designer of the BDS said: The application(应用) of Beidou is only limited by i
19、magination.1. What can we learn about the BDS from the passage?A. It was developed by Chinese and American engineers. B. It works better on clear nights. C. Its last satellite was launched on July 31. D. Its able to provide global coverage for navigation. 2. Why does the author mention Hellobike in
20、Paragraph 3?A. To stress the excellent positioning ability of the BDS. B. To show how the BDS makes peoples daily lives easier. C. To present the advantages and disadvantages of the BDS. D. To explain how the BDS works. 3. What is Beidous two-way communication system designed for?A. To help people w
21、hen communication signals are poor. B. To make users daily communication more fun. C. To allow users to chat online more freely. D. To collect data from users for the data center. 4. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?A. Beidou may be more helpful than we know. B. Beidou in
22、spires users imagination. C. Beidou needs to be further improved. D. Beidou is limited in application. C In the near future, IoT (Internet of Things) will drive huge innovation(革新) in the way our food is grown. Plants will have a voice, not a human voice, but a voice based on data that can tell peop
23、le, computers, and machines when, for example, they are thirsty, or need more sun, medicine, etc. Take vertical(垂直的) farms, for example. Farming is moving indoors where the growth of plants can be monitored and controlled. The facilities are built vertically, so growing areas can be put in piles. Th
24、is greatly reduces the amount of land needed for farming. From an IoT point of view, vertical farms are connected in two ways. First, small sensors(传感器) in the soil or connected to plants tell a control system exactly how much light, water, and nutrients are needed to grow the healthiest crops. Sens
25、ors will also tell vertical farmers when crops are nearing their peak for harvesting at just the right time to make sure theyre still fresh when they reach their final destination. Second, vertical farms will be connected to other networks and information systems, including databases that track loca
26、l demand. For example, local restaurants may input when they need fresh food supplies. And vertical farmers could get that information so they know which crops to grow in what quantities. This type of IoT system would have been unimaginable a generation ago. Today, vertical farms are being experimen
27、ted. Yet, the numbers point to a bright fixture for the industry, especially as the worlds population continues to grow. For example, Green Sense Farms in Chicago is able to harvest crops 26 times a year using 85 percent less energy, one-tenth the water, and no pesticides. A side benefit of lower en
28、ergy use is lower CO2 output of two tons per month, with the added benefit of creating 46 pounds of oxygen every day.1. What is the main idea of the text?A. Voice machines help plants speak up.B. Farmers are all turning to vertical fanning.C. IoT has brought great innovation to our future life.D. Ve
29、rtical farms driven by IoT are a future for agriculture.2. How do sensors attached to plants work?A. By recording farmers harvesting crops.B. By monitoring farmers working in their fields.C. By analyzing information to preserve crops.D. By passing information on to a control system.3. What can the I
30、oT system help to do according to Paragraph 4?A. Expand the output of crops.B. Match supply with demand.C. Determine the needs of farmers.D. Move restaurants onto farms.4. What is the authors attitude towards the future of vertical farming?A. Negative.B. Indifferent.C. Optimistic.D. Doubtful.D NAO,
31、the first robot able to show feelings, has been created by a European research team. When NAO is sad, he lowers his head and looks down. When hes happy, he raises his arms for a hug. Nothing is out of the ordinary, except that NAO is a robot. Were modelling the first year of life, says Lola Canamero
32、, a computer scientist at the University of Hertfordshire. The feelings are shown through physical gestures and body movements rather than facial or verbal(言语的) expressions. In the future, says the scientist, robots are likely to act as companions, provide support for old people, and help people sho
33、p online. In these situations, the display of emotions, will be important in making the interaction(相互作用) more natural and comfortable. NAO has been programmed to copy the emotional skills of a one-year-old child. It can memorize faces, and knows the basic rules of good and bad. Based on these it ca
34、n decide how to react to what is going on. The actions going with each feeling are pre-programmed, but NAO decides for itself when to display them. NAO is also programmed to have different personalities. A more independent robot is less likely to call for help when exploring a room, while a more fea
35、rful robot will show distress if it finds something in the room that may be harmful. Canameros team will take its emotional programming forward into medical applications. Part of the project will look at ways to use robots in hospitals to support the roles of doctors, nurses and parents. Children mi
36、ght find that a small, friendly-looking robot that can understand their emotional states makes them less anxious. We want to explore different rolesthe robots will help the children to understand their treatment and explain what they have to do. We want to help the children to control their anxiety,
37、 she says.1. According to the text, what do we know about NAO?A. It displays different feelings in different situations. B. It is able to imitate adults, emotional displays. C. It can remember peoples feelings. D. It learns emotions from facial expressions. 2. What can we learn from the text?A. Scie
38、ntists worked on facial and spoken expressions to create NAOs emotions. B. The time when NAO displays feelings has been pre-programmed. C. Emotional programming is used in medicine production. D. Robots with emotional skills can help children feel more comfortable. 3. What does the underlined word d
39、istress in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Courage. B. Anxiety. C. Anger. D. Satisfaction. 4. What is the text mainly about?A. The relationship between humans and robots. B. The roles that robots play in different fields. C. The first robot able to show feelings. D. The long history of robots. 第二节 （共5小
40、题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Nature soothes(抚慰) our stressed-out souls. We know that nature is the best treatment, and new research suggests we can gain benefits while visiting parks._ The study published in the International Journal of Environmental Health Research fo
41、und that spending 20 minutes in a city park can make you happier, whether you use that time to exercise or not. In general, we found park visitors reported having an improvement in emotional well-being(健康) after the park visit, the studys lead author, Professor Hon K. Yuen at the University of Alaba
42、ma at Birmingham said in a statement._ Instead, we found time spent in the park is related to improved emotional well-being. For the study, 94 adults visited three city parks in Mountain Brook, Alabama, completing a questionnaire about their subjective well-being before and after their visits._ A vi
43、sit of between 20 and 25 minutes showed the best results, with an increase of about 64% in the participants self-reported well-being, even if they didnt move a great deal in the park. _ The study group was truly small, as the studys co-author and another UAB professor, Gavin Jenkins, admitted._ The
44、challenge facing cities is that there is increasing evidence about the value of city parks but we continue to see the decrease of these spaces.A.Something was used to track their physical activity.B.You usually visit a small green space in your neighborhood.C.However, its findings pointed out the im
45、portance of city parks.D.If you want to feel happier, you just need to exercise for 20 minutes in a park.E.The best part is that you neednt visit a national park or go far out of your way.F.This means people can benefit from visiting a nearby park, despite of physical ability.G.But we didnt find lev
46、els of physical activity are linked to improved emotional well-being.第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 1 of the
47、 facts he observes. He doesnt accept ideas which are not 2 on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority as the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas 3 and makes experiments to prove them. The rise of modern science may be considered to4 as far back as the time of Roger Bacon,
48、the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived between the years 1214 and 1294. He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to suggest that we should learn science 5 observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself 6 many important truths. Galileo(15641642), 7 , who lived more th
49、an 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many important 8 could be discovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more rapidly towards the earth than small ones, 9 Aristo
50、tle said so. But Galileo, going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 10 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileos 11 of going direct to nature, and proving our 12 and theories by experiment, that has 13 all the discoveries of modern science. What makes those people good
51、scientists? From the example of Galileo, we know clearly that 14 scientists are those whose observations have 15 better results.1. A. useB. senseC. speedD. trust2. A. reliedB. basedC. insistedD. centered3. A. casuallyB. carefullyC. quicklyD. privately4. A. dateB. keepC. lookD. come5. A. inB. withC.
52、onD. by6. A. broughtB. discoveredC. handledD. announced7. A. howeverB. thereforeC. seldomD. never8. A. truthsB. problemsC. investigationsD. subjects9. A. althoughB. becauseC. whenD. if10. A. bigB. smallC. similarD. unequal11. A. spiritB. skillC. theoryD. wish12. A. plansB. opinionsC. worldD. ability
53、13. A. led toB. turned toC. set upD. put forward14. A. reasonableB. successfulC. expertD. sensitive15. A. foreseenB. rejectedC. producedD. challenged第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Cholera used to be one of _(frightening) diseases. In the early 19th century, when_ outbreak
54、of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause nor its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled_ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories_ explained how cholera
55、spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an infection from _ (germ) in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigat
56、e. Later with all the evidence he _ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _ (remove) so that it couldnt be used. Through his intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks. Whats more, John Snow found that so
57、me companies sold water from the River Thames that _ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snows efforts, the _ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.第三部分 写作（共两
58、节，满分40分）第一节 （满分15分） 假设你是李华，与你以前的外籍教师Mrs. Green直保持联系。Mrs. Green得知你校将在下周举办科技节，她来信询问你校该活动的安排。请根据以下提示给她回复一封邮件。 (1) 介绍你校科技节(科技活动及其成果展示，如智能机器人竞赛等)； (2) 活动的意义； (3) 希望她有机会来你校参加活动。注意: (1)词数不少于80； (2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； (3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇： Science and Technology Festival科技节Dear Mrs. Green,_Yours,Li Hua第二
59、节 （满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When she looked around her house, Betty Margaret saw lots of electronics. Along with the usual things like her laptop and smart phone,there were all of her kids electronic devices: cell phones, video game devices and more! There seemed to be more than e
60、nough ways for her and her three children to be online all day, every day. Mrs. Margaret worried that her kids were becoming too dependent on the Internet and electronics. Then she began to reread one of her favorite books, Henry Thoreaus Walden, which gave Mrs. Margaret an idea. Thoreau spent 2 yea
61、rs in a simple cabin without running such luxuries as computers and electronic devices for a while. Mrs. Margaret talked with her kids and explained that she wanted the family to try living for 6 months without Internet, cell phones, TV, and video games. Mrs. Margaret wrote articles for a newspaper
62、in Australia, and had written several books as well. She told her children that if they agreed, she would write a book about their experience and they could go on a trip abroad with the money from sales of the book. Her three children agreed, and the experiment, as Mrs. Margaret called, began. Over
63、the course of the experiment, the Margaret children had different reactions to life without electronics. Before the experiment began, Anni, the eldest of the children, read books more than her younger brother and sister. She therefore had a relatively easy adjustment to the familys new lifestyle. An
64、ni could also use the librarys computer for her homework. Bill, who loved to play video games before the experiment began, had to find a way to spend all of his new free time. He started to spend more time practicing his saxophone(萨克斯管). Susan, the youngest child in the family, had the hardest time
65、adjusting to life without electronics. She felt restless for the first weeks and later, influenced by her elder sister, began to find interest in the novel experiences brought by various books.注意: 1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右; 2.续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好。Paragraph 1: Upon having their daily family gathering after
66、dinnery, Mrs. Margaret, wearing a mysterious smile, announced the big news that they had come to the end of the experiment._Paragraph 2: The vivid description of their true and funny experience toward the new lifestyle undeniably contributed to the popularity of the book._答案以及解析第一部分 阅读理解第一节A答案：1-3 B
67、CB解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中but some developmental psychologists have argued that this play is more like a scientific investigation than one might think可知, 一些发展心理学家认为, 这种游戏比人们认为的更像是一种科学调查。此处表达的意思与B项孩子的玩耍在某种程度上类似于科学家的实验相同。故选B项。2.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句It may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering
68、 and finally overturning a theory that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has.并结合前一句可知, 孩子学习语言规律的方式是反复的试验。故选C项。3.主旨大意题。根据第一段中some developmental psychologists have argued that this play is more like a scientific investigation
69、 than one might think以及最后一段中Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.可知, 整个文章主要介绍了研究孩子的发展过程可以让人们更好地理解科学以及科学家。故选B项。 B答案：1-4 DBAA解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的.the global network of 55 satellites
70、has been completed. On July 31, Beidou started providing services covering our whole planet.(北斗系统的全球55颗卫星网络已经完成,北斗系统于7月31日开始提供覆盖全球的服务)可知,北斗系统能够提供全球范围的导航服务。2.推理判断题。根据第三段中的When you unlock one of Hellobikes bicycles, you are using the BDS.(当你解锁一辆哈啰单车时,你就在使用北斗系统)和Users can also find shared bikes more ac
71、curately thanks to Beidous global positioning accuracy of 2. 34 meters.(由于北斗全球卫星定位精度可达到2.34米,用户还可以更准确地找到共享自行车)可知,作者是以哈啰单车为例说明北斗系统对人们日常生活的影响,以及如何让人们的日常生活更轻松。3.细节理解题。根据第四段中Beidou adopts a unique two- way communication system, including its ability to receive messages sent by people from areas with poo
72、r communication signals.(北斗系统采用独特的双向通信系统,能够接收来自通信信号较差地区的人们发送的信息)和.it plays a role when disasters occur and communications are blocked.(当灾难发生、通讯中断时,它就会发挥作用)可知,北斗双向通信系统是为了在通信信号不好或者信号中断时帮助人们。4.句意理解题。最后一段中前首席设计师孙家栋说The application of Beidou is only limited by imagination.(北斗的应用只受到想象力的限制),即北斗系统还有更多其他的应用,
73、是人们还没有想象到的,也就是说北斗系统对我们的帮助可能比我们知道的更多。 C答案：1-4 DDBC解析：1.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中In the near future, IoT (Internet of Things) will drive huge innovation in the way our food is grown.及第二段中Take vertical farms, for example.可知，文章主要以垂直农场为例介绍了在不久的将来，物联网将推动粮食种植方式的巨大创新。故选D。2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中.small sensors in the soil or c
74、onnected to plants tell a control system exactly how much light, water, and nutrients are needed to grow the healthiest crops.可知，传感器将最健康的农作物生长所需要的水、光和营养等信息传递给控制系统。故选D。3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段中Second, vertical farms will be connected to other networks and information systems, including databases that track lo
75、cal demand.可知，垂直农场将与其他网络和信息系统相连，包括追踪当地需求的数据库，再结合后面的例子可知，物联网系统有助于使供应与需求相匹配。故选B。4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Today, vertical farms are being experimented. Yet, the numbers point to a bright future for the industry.可知，作者对垂直农场的未来持乐观态度。故选C。D答案：1-4 ADBC解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的When NAO is sad, he lowers his head and looks d
76、own. When hes happy, he raises his arms for a hug.可知, 当NAO伤心时, 它会低下头, 当它开心时, 它会伸出手要求拥抱, 这说明NAO能在不同情况下表达不同的情绪。故选A项。2.细节理解题。根据第六段中的Children might find that a small, friendly-looking robot that can understand their emotional states makes them less anxious.可知, 如果孩子们有一个小小的、友好的又能够理解他们情感状态的机器人陪着的话, 他们可能就不会
77、那么焦虑了, 也就是说具有情感技能的机器人可以帮助孩子们感觉更放松。故选D项。3.词义猜测题。前面提到一个更独立的机器人在探索房间时很少寻求帮助, 是独立完成任务的。句中的while表示对比, 由此可以判断, 后面是说一个胆怯的机器人如果在房间里发现可能有害的东西时会表现出焦虑(的情绪)。故选B项。4.主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句NAO, the first robot able to show feelings, has been created by a European research team.和全文内容可知, 本文主要介绍了由一个欧洲研究团队发明的第一个能够表达感情的机器人NAO。
78、故选C项。 第二节答案：EGAFC解析：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现参观公园会提升我们的幸福感。 根据下文中的spending 20 minutes in a city park can make you happier, whether you use that time to exercise or not可知,在公园里待20分钟就能让你更快乐,不管你是否利用那段时间来锻炼身体,故此处强调仅仅去公园就可以提高情绪健康(状况),结合选项可知,E项符合语境。根据空后的Instead, we found time spent in the park is related to improved e
79、motional well-being可知,相反,我们发现在公园里度过的时间与情绪健康(状况)改善有关,故可推知,空前表示的是另外一种情况,即我们没有发现体育活动级别与情绪健康(状况)改善有关,故G项符合语境。根据空后的A visit of between 20 and 25 minutes showed the best results可知,20到25分钟的参观显示出最好的结果,故空前应说明调查的过程,故A项有一些东西被用来追踪他们的体育活动与上下文联系紧密,符合逻辑。根据上文内容可知,20到25分钟的参观显示出最好的结果,参与者的幸福感增加了约64%,即使他们在公园里不怎么运动。F项这意味
80、着人们可以从参观附近的公园中受益,无论他们的体能如何是对上文的调查做出的总结,并与第二段中的研究结果相呼应。故F项符合逻辑。根据空前的The study group was truly small, as the studys co-author and another UAB professor, Gavin Jenkins, admitted可知,正如研究报告的合著者UAB的另一位教授Gavin Jenkins所说的那样,研究小组的规模确实很小,而空后则指出了当前城市面临的挑战,结合选项可知,C项然而,它的发现指出了城市公园的重要性承接上下文。第二部分 语言知识运用第一节答案：1-5 AB
81、BAD 6-10 BAABD 11-15 ABABC解析：1.make full use of充分利用, 充分使用。2.be based on表示以.为基础, 基于.。故B选项正确。3.结合语境可知, 此处表示仔细地核查想法。故B选项正确。casually随便地; carefully仔细地; quickly快速地; privately私下地。4.由下文的the years 1214 and 1294可知, 此处表示现代科学的兴起可以追溯到很早的时期。故A选项正确。date back追溯到; keep back阻止; look back回顾; come back回来。5.根据后面的observi
82、ng and experimenting on the things around us可知, 此处表示通过观察我们周围的事物并做实验。故D选项正确。6.结合空后的many important truths可知, 他本人发现了很多重要的真理。故B选项正确。bring带来; discover发现; handle处理; announce宣布。7.上文说Roger Bacon也许是中世纪第一个建议通过观察和实验的方式来学习科学的人。此处表示转折, 引出Galileo是几个伟大的人物中最伟大的一个。故A选项正确。however然而; therefore所以; seldom很少; never从不。8.由
83、空后的could be discovered by observation可知, 很多真理可以通过观察发现。truth事实, 真理。上文中的many important truths也是提示。故A选项正确。problem问题; investigation调查; subject主题。9.此处表示原因, 所以选择because。故B选项正确。10.根据前文和后面的stones and proved Aristotle was wrong可知, 此处表示使用了两块不同重量的石头, 因此选unequal不相等的。故D选项正确。11.由后面的of going direct to nature可知, 此处
84、表示科学精神(spirit)。故A选项正确。12.设空处与后面and theories by experiment中的theories呼应, 此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点和理论。故B选项正确。13.这里是说正是Galileo的这种精神促成了现代科学的所有发现。lead to促成; turn to转向; set up建立; put forward提出。14.此处与文章开头的a successful scientist对应。故B选项正确。reasonable理智的; successful成功的; expert熟练的; sensitive敏感的。15.此处指那些科学家们的观察产生了更好的结果。故C
85、选项正确。foresee预见; reject拒绝; produce产生; challenge挑战。第二节答案：the most frightening; an; unless; that/which; germs; had gathered/gathered; removed; was polluted; to get; threat 解析：本文介绍了John Snow医生是如何发现霍乱的源头的。 考查形容词最高级。由空前的one of并结合语境可知,此处表示最令人害怕的,故填the most frightening。考查冠词。outbreak为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且outbreak的发音
86、以元音音素开头,故填an。考查连词。根据语境可知,此处表示如果不,除非,填unless。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,指代先行词two contradictory theories,并在定语从句中作主语,故应用关系代词that/which。考查名词复数。germ表示细菌,病菌,是可数名词,因其前没有限定词,故填germs。考查时态。由主句的时态可知,此处表示过去的过去,故应用过去完成时。也可看作叙述过去的事情,故也可用一般过去时。考查非谓语动词。此处考查have +宾语+宾补结构,因the handle of the pump与remove之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用动词-
87、ed形式作宾补。考查时态和语态。空前的that引导定语从句,指代先行词the River Thames,因the River Thames与pollute之间是被动关系,且此处表示发生在过去的事情,故用一般过去时的被动语态。考查非谓语动词。be likely to do sth.意为可能做某事,故填to get。考查词形转换。空处作主语,故应用名词threat。第三部分 写作第一节答案：Dear Mrs. Green, How are you doing? Im glad to know that you are interested in the Science and Technology
88、 Festival, which is scheduled for next week at our school. And Id like to give you a detailed account of it. As you know, recent years have witnessed great achievements in after-school activities related to science and technology at our school. Therefore, it will be a hard-won opportunity for you to
89、 attend the Science and Technology Festival. During the festival, AI robot competitions will be performed, which will absolutely highlight the festival and give you a general knowledge of the efforts we students have made. I believe that the festival will inspire our innovative spirit. I am looking
90、forward to your joining us then.Yours,Li Hua第二节答案：Paragraph 1: Upon having their daily family gathering after dinner, Mrs. Margaret, wearing a mysterious smile, announced the big news that they had come to the end of the experiment. Unexpectedly, the three children didnt jump up and rush to fetch th
91、eir beloved smart phones. Instead, Anni and Susan sitting reflectively, Bill shrugged and said, The saxophone has won my overall interest from video games. A surge of satisfaction flew through the mothers mind and she thought she had made the right decision.Paragraph 2: The vivid description of thei
92、r true and funny experience toward the new lifestyle undeniably contributed to the popularity of the book. It made a number of parents follow suit and guide their own children to a more reasonable and scientific way when approaching electronic devices. What a hard but meaningful experience that highlights everything good outside of the virtual world! By the way, they had an unforgettable trip in the places that were contained in the books they read during the 6 months.
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