1、限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业09 简单句英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一： S i （主谓）基本句型二： StO （主谓宾）基本句型三： SLink P （主谓表）基本句型四： S tIODO （主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五： StDOOC （主谓宾宾补）【精讲】(1)基本句型一： （主谓） i （主谓）此句型有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 （主语）i （不及物动词）
2、句意1The girlsare singing in the music room.那些女孩正在音乐教室唱歌。2The sunrises in the east. 太阳在东方升起。3The bus stopped.公共汽车停了。4They talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时。常用的不及物动词（vi.)：stop, dance, sing ,look, listen, travel, arrive, run, swim, jump, rise, laugh, cry, fly, come, go, fall等。【精讲】 (2)基本句型二: O（主谓宾） tDO（主谓
3、宾）此句型的共同点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。（主语）t （及物动词）O句意1Tomknowsthe answer.汤姆知道答案。2Heis makinga cake。他正在做蛋糕。3He enjoysreading.他喜欢看书。4I wantto drink tea.我想喝茶.5I thinkthat Tom is right.我认为汤姆是对的。特殊情况：有的语法认为：主语+不及物的动词+ 介词+宾语可以构成主谓宾结构。因为不及物动词+介词，相当于及物动词用法。 如： （1）I li
4、sten to you. (人称代词作宾语） （2）He looks at a dog. (名词作宾语）【精讲】(3)基本句型 三： （主谓表） Link （主谓表）此句型有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：一类表示情况如be, look, sound, smell, taste, stay, feel, keep, seem等；另一类，表示变化如get, grow, become, turn, get等。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保
5、持其部分词义。 （主语）Link （连系动词）P（表语） 句意1Thisisa book.（名词）这是一本书。2The fish smellsgood.（形容词）这鱼肉闻起来不错。3She seemsunhappy. （形容词）她似乎不开心。4Autumn leaves turn brown.（形容词）秋天的树叶变成棕褐色。5My dreamisto be a doctor.（不定式）我的梦想是当一名医生。本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成。系动词有:（1）表示特征和存在状态的： be, seem, feel, look, smell, taste, sound;（2）表示状态延续的： stay
6、, keep（3）表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow【精讲】(4)基本句型四: t IO DO（主谓间宾直宾）此句型有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动的直接承受者（多指物），另一个是动作的间接承受者（多指人）。（主语）t （及物动词）IO（间接宾语，常为人） DO（直接宾语，常为物）1Motheris makingmea new dress.2 Heboughthis sona new bike.3Theyofferedusmuch help.4 Iam showinghimmy
7、photos.5Jacktellsusfunny stories. 当这一间接承受者放在直接承受者之后时，要用一个介词（for或to）来连接。可以用于这种句式动词主要有： (A) buy / build / catch / cut /choose / cook / find / get / keep / make / draw / do 【用for】如：He bought me a new bike. 也可以改为for sb. 的句式 = He bought a new bike for me.(B) give / take / send / bring / teach / show / te
8、ll / pay / write / read / sell / lend / pass / return / throw / offer / hand 【用to】如：She lent me a book. 也可以改为 to sb. 的句式 = She lent a book to me.(C) provide 【用for, with】: provide sb. with sth. = provide sth.for sb.注意：当两宾语都为代词时，必须用介词把人放后面。Eg： Please give it to me.【精讲】(5)基本句型五: SDOOC StDOOC （主谓宾宾补）此句型
9、的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整，补足语说明宾语的状态或情况或动作由宾语去执行，宾语补足语能是：形容词、名词、动词不定式或现在分词短语等。 （主语）t （及物动词） DO（直接宾语）OC(宾语补足语）1Ifind English easy. (形容词)2Tomoften makesushappy. (形容词)3I think Kate a clever girl.(名词短语)3Tomoften makesuslaugh.(不定式)4Heaskedmeto come back soon.(不定式)5We cal
10、lherXiao Li.(名词)8I sawthemdancing. (现在分词短语)可以用于这种句式的动词主要有:(A)let / have / make sb. do sth.(B)ask / want / tell / allow / wish / get / expect / encourage / invite / teach sb. to do sth.(C)find / see / hear / watch / notice / feel sb. do sth./sb. doing sth.(D)help sb. (to) do sth (E)find/keep/think/ma
11、ke/leave/wish + 宾语 + 形容词或名词性短语(作宾补) 一、单项选择1What is the correct sentence structure of “John plays football every day”?AS+V+IO+DOBS+V+DO+OCCS+V+ODS+V+P2Du Fu showed his care to farmers in his poem Happy Rain on a Spring Night. 句子结构是_。A主语+及物动词+宾语B主语+系动词+表语C主语+及物动词+双宾语3下列句子是“主语+及物动词+宾语”结构的是_。AI like pla
12、ying tennis.BYou can ask him to help you.CThe computer is on the desk.4Could you tell us how to keep healthy? 该句句子结构是 。A主语+系动词+表语B主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语C主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5The sentence structure (结构) of “Teachers often ask us to read more.” is _.AS+V+DOBS+V+PCS+V+IO+DODS+V+DO+OC6“Those sweet memories of su
13、mmer days are about quiet streams and trees and shade.” This sentence structure is _. AS+VBS+V+PCS+V+IO+DODS+V+DO+OC7“They think John the best student.” The sentence structure is _.AS + V BS + V + P CS + V + IO + DO DS + V + DO + OC8There _ a cartoon festival in Shanghai next Saturday.Ais going to h
14、aveBwill haveChaveDis going to be9The sentence structure of “Mike bought me a toy.” is _.AS+V+DOBS+V+IO+DOCS+V+DO+OCDS+V+P10 Shall we go to the museum now? Its 5:30 p.m. now. Im afraid the museum _ after 5:30 p.m. every day.AopensBis openCclosesDis closed11The structure of the sentence “All of us sh
15、ould make our county stronger and stronger.” is _.AS+V+PBS+V+DOCS+V+IO+DODS+V+O+OC12The sentence structure of “Eddie is watching Hobo work.” is _.AS+V+OBS+V+PCS+V+IO+DODS+V+DO+OC13Laughing can make people who are upset feel a little better. 句子结构是_。A主语+及物动词+宾语B主语+系动词+表语C主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语14“My mother b
16、ought me a nice notebook.” The structure of the sentence is _.AS+V+DO+OCBS+V+IO+DOCS+V+ODS+V+P15The shopping mall _ at 8 a.m. and it _ for fourteen hours every day.Aopens; opensBis open; is openCopens; is openDis open; opens 二、完型填空Once there were two neighbors living next to each other. One of them
17、was a retired (退休的) teacher and the other was an engineer. 16 of them planted the same plants in their gardens.The retired teacher was giving a small amount (数量) of water 17 his plants and he didnt always give a full attention to them. 18 the other neighbor was interested in technology (科技): gave a
18、lot of water to his plants. He 19 them too well.One day, a storm (暴风雨) started suddenly 20 the night. The next morning, the engineer was 21 to see that his plants came off from the roots (根). But the retired teachers plants were very well. The engineer went to the retired teacher and asked, “We both
19、 grew the 22 plants together. I looked after my plants 23 than you did for yours, and even gave them more water. Still, my plants came off from the roots, while yours didnt. How is that 24 ?”The retired teacher smiled and said, “You gave your plants more attention and water, but because of that they
20、 didnt need to work 25 for water. You made it easy for them. While I gave them just proper (恰当的) water and 26 their roots search (寻找) for more. And their roots went deeper and deeper, which made them 27 .”This story is about parenting where children are like plants 28 everything is given to them, th
21、ey will not understand the hard work it takes to have those things. Teach them 29 to walk, but let them go their own way. Sometimes its best to guide them instead of (而不是) 30 them.16ANoneBAllCBothDNeither17AatBtoCinDon18AButBForCOrDSo19Atook offBgrew upClooked afterDturned on20AduringBbetweenCintoDf
22、rom21AfamousBluckyCgladDsurprised22ArichBcloseCdifferentDsame23AworseBbetterCsmallerDless24ApossibleBphysicalCpopularDterrible25AitselfByourselfCmyselfDthemselves26AletBprintCtravelDsolve27AquieterBshyerCfunnierDstronger28AAndBThoughCIfDUntil29AwhyBwhoCwhatDhow30AdiscussingBdiggingCgivingDtouching三、
23、阅读理解Having a hobby is a great way for you to feel happy and meet new people. In fact, there are lots of hobbies that are good for you.Hobbies are simply anything you do thats for fun. You arent getting paid to do it; its something you like to do with your free time. For a lot of people these days it
24、 seems like their only leisure activities are watching television and staying on the Internet. Thats a pity, because hobbies from rock climbing to collecting something can have real benefits.Hobbies often provide something that you might not get in your everyday life. They allow you to do something
25、thats just for you, and they can help you forget your daily problems and give you a lot of pleasure. If you can find like-minded people in your area, going outside can also be a great way to meet new people and experience new adventures.If you are adding a new thing into your life, you have to take
26、time and focus away from something else. The good news is that most of us have a lot of time we are not using well, either because we are spending a lot of time online or watching TV or just wasting time we could be spending on our hobbies.Of course everyone is different and your personality does pl
27、ay a role in what sorts of hobbies youll like. Maybe you really like hanging out with friends, so you need to take a class or have an interest that you can do with a group. If you travel a lot, something that you can do anywhere is helpful; if youre a homebody you might love to be surrounded by a co
28、ol collection.The truth is that you may not hit the perfect activity for you right out of the gate, but you can have a lot of fun trying out new things and exploring whats out there. Do some web searches, visit the library; dont be afraid to try new things, and soon youll have a hobby that provides
29、you with a lot of fun and stress relief, too.31Which of the following hobbies is good for you according to the writer?AWatching television.BStaying on the Internet.CRock climbing.DGoing out a lot.32The third paragraph mainly tells us _.Awhy hobbies are importantBwhat hobbies actually areChobbies hel
30、p you forget problemsDhobbies help you experience new adventures33If you like staying at home, as a hobby you had better _.Aspend a lot of time onlineBwatch a lot of TVCtake a class or join in a groupDcollect something you like34The meaning of the underlined word “hit” in the last paragraph is simil
31、ar to _.Apick upBrun intoCfind outDturn to35In the passage the writer mainly suggests that we should _.Afind hobbies that fit us wellBmeet more people outsideChave a lot of fun at homeDvisit the library in our free time四、补全对话请阅读下面的对话，根据对话内容选择最恰当的句子填入空白中，使对话通顺、合理、意思完整。A: You look unhappy today. 36 B:
32、 Yesterday when I got home, I found my parents reading my diary. I got very angry. Shouldnt I keep my own secret? A: Of course you can keep your secrets. 37 B: No, but I shouted at them. They didnt say a word. They just kept silent. 38 A: In fact, your parents shouldnt read your diary. They should r
33、espect your privacy (隐私). 39 They want to make sure you arent in any trouble, and they want to understand your life and study better in this way. Maybe you hurt your parents. B: I agree. 40 A: Say sorry to them. Try talking to them more. Let them know what you are doing, so that they wont worry about you so much. B: OK. Ill do as you told me.ADid you argue with your parents?BBut your parents are just worried about you.CThats a good idea.DNow I feel very sad.EWhat should I do now?FWhats the matter?GIm sorry to hear that.
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