1、语法难点突破之六 定语从句（二）语法专题突破什么是定语？指出下面句子的定语Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a developing country.There are 30 woman teachers in our school.His rapid progress in English made ussurprised.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.以上句子中的定语都有单词或短语充当，但如果是复杂的定语就应用定语从句如：住在我们学校的那个老人是个退休工人The old m
2、an who lives in our school is a retired woker.我哥哥昨天买的那本书非常有趣The book which my brother bought yesterday ie very interesting.二、定语从句的种类定语从句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句My brother who lives in the USA has 6 children.My brother,who lives in the US
3、A,has 6 children.限定性定语与非限定性定语从句的区别从形式，连接词，用途基础知识回顾:定语从句关系词及其意义关系代词：关系副词who,whom,whose,which,that,aswhen,where,whyWho 指人，在句中作主语或宾语The boy who is standing under the tree is our monitor.Whom指人，在句中作宾语，常可省略Whose通常指人，也可指物，在句中作定语The boy whom I spoke to just now isadmitted to a famous university.That is the
4、 boy whose mother is a disabled women.The room whose windows face south is our dorm.Which指物，在句中作主语或宾语，常可省略Did you see the letter which came today？This is the book which I told you about.That 既可指人也可指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _ we s
5、penttogether.3.I went to the place _I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave.when/in whichwhichwhere/in whichwhichwhy/for whichthat/which关系副词when,where,why及物动词及物动词及物动词 1.that与which的区别 2.对the way的考查 3.介词+关
6、系词 1.对where的考查 2.as的使用 3.综合考查考点难点1)Do you have anything _ you dont understand?2)The only thing _ we can do is to give you some advice.3)Who is the man _ is standing there?4)Her bag,in _ she put all her money,has been stolen.5)She heard a terrible noise，_ brought her heart into her mouth.thatthatthat
7、whichwhich考点1：that 与 which1:先行词是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词或由不定代词any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all等修饰时,引导定语从句用that不用 which。2：先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。3:先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用 that。4:先行词被the very,the only,the last等修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。5：当先行词前面有who/which等疑问代词时，只
8、用 that。填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.that/which/不填that/in which/不填缺状语缺宾语考点2：the way用做先行词3.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.（04湖北）A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D
9、.the way which高考题链接：考点3：介词+关系词1.Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is talking?2.He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.3.I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris.5.(06浙江)I was given three books on cooking,the first _I really enjoyed.A.of that B.of which C.that D.whichto whomwith
10、 whichon whichThis is the child whom/that I will take care of.4.译：这是我要照顾的小孩。介词+关系代词的情况 1The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toin考点3：介词+关系词介词+关系代词的情况 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.to inAre these two senten
11、ces right?介词+关系代词的情况 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介词+关系代词的情况 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后介词+关系代词的
12、情况 3Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗?关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im su
13、re.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949 was the year in which the P.R.C.was founded.关系代词前介词的确定4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.There are 50 students in our class,two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.关系代词前的介词的确定5.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.They live in a house,whose door opens to the so
14、uth.They lived in a house,of which the dooropens to the south.They lived in a house,the door of whichopen to the south.1.Do you like the bookshe spent$10?2.Do you like the book she paid$10?3.Do you like the bookshe learned a lot?4.Do you like the book she often talks?5.He built a telescopehe could s
15、tudy the skies.6.There is a tall tree outside,stands our teacher.7.China has a lot of rivers,the second longest _is the Yellow River.8.The tower _ people can have a good view ison the hill.9.The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.10.He paid the boy$10 for washing ten win
16、dows,most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.on whichfor whichfrom whichabout whichthrough whichunder whichof whichfrom whichto whomof which介词+关系代词的情况练习1.Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2.The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时
17、有可能爆发战争的局势中。where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。难点一：where的用法解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,degree,和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。注意11.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.（山东）A.which B.that C.where D.when2.-Do you have anything to say for yourself
18、?-Yes,theres one point _ we must insist on.（江西）A.why B.where C.how D./高考题链接：做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。注意若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。The library _ students often study was on fire last night.The library,_ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing.The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.wher
19、ewhichwhich注意区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。When you read books,you had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions.When you read books,you had better make a mark where you have any questions.as 引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_
20、is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.ItasAsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用as难点二：as的用法as与which引导的定语从句的区别两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g.As we all know,the earth is
21、 round.2.当与such,so或the same连用时，用as。e.g.Such books as you tell me are interesting.I have the same plan as you.Go on Please!3.当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。e.g.She has married again,as was expected.She has married again,which wasunexpected.Go on please!4.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be repor
22、ted等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g.She has been late again,as was expected.Tom has made great progress,which made us happy.as 引导的限制性定语从句(1)This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。as 引导的限制性定语从句(2)This is such an interesting book _ we al
23、l like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)综合考查一：定语从句与强调句难点三：综合考查近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名
24、词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。友情提示 It is the house where I met the young man.(where 引导定语从句，修饰house，where在定语从句中作地点状语)It was in the house that I met the young man.(本句为强调结构，可还原为 I met the young man in the house.)试比较：wherethat1.This is the library_I borrowed the book.2.It is from this lib
25、rary_I borrowed the book.where定语从句that强调句型3.-Where did you last see Mr.Smith?-It was in the hotel_ I lived.A.that B.which C.where D.whenhave a try定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“的”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。that在定语从句中作成分，可用which 或who/whom代替；而that在同位语从句中不充当任何
26、句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较：We all have heard the news that our team won.(同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that 在从句中不作任何成分)We dont believe the news that/which he told us yesterday.(定语从句，that 作told 的宾语)综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句1.We all have heard the news_ our team won.2.We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterd
27、ay.that that/whichthat/which综合考查三：定语从句与表语从句 The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.（江苏）A.which;where B.at which;which C.at which;where D.which;in which 试比较：He left the key where he had been an hour before.(where引导地点状语从句，相当于in the place where
28、)He left the place where he lived for many years.(where 引导定语从句，修饰the place)He is such a good teacher as all of us love and respect.(as 引导定语从句)He is such a good teacher that we all like him.(that引导结果状语从句,suchthat“如此以致”)综合考查四：定语从句与状语从句试比较：As is known to us all,paper was first made in China.(as 引导定语从句，
29、指代整个主句内容，可置于句首)It is known to us all that paper was first made in China.(it 做形式主语，代替that 引导的主语从句)综合考查五：定语从句与主语从句高考真题练习定语从句部分（共14题）1.His movie won several awards at the film festival,_ was beyond his wildest dream.上海卷A.which B.that C.where D.it2.Where did you get to know her?It was on the farm _ we w
30、orked.山东卷A.that B.there C.which D.whereAD3.The book was written in 1946,_ the education system has witnessed great charges.山东卷A.when B.during which C.since then D.since when4.Last week,only two people came to look at the house,_ wanted to buy it.安徽卷A.none of them B.both of them C.none of whom D.neit
31、her of whomDD5.We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people,most of _are healthy.北京卷A.that B.which C.what D.whom6.By serving others,a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself,_ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.湖南卷A.who B.which C.what D.thatDB7.He was educated at the local h
32、igh school,_ he went on to Beijing University.江苏卷A.after whichB.after thatC.in whichD.in that8.After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she needed to decide what to do.江西卷A.that B.what C.which D.whereDA9.Some pre-school children go to a day care center,_they learn simple games and songs.
33、全国卷IA.then B.there C.while D.where10.Today,well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.陕西卷A.whichB.asC.whyD.whereDD11.The thought of going back home was _kept him happy while he was working abroad上海春A.thatB.all thatC.all whatD.which12.It is reported that t
34、wo schools，_ are being built in my hometown，will open next year.四川卷A.they both B.which both C.both of them D.both of whichBD13.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing.天津卷A.when B.whose C.which D.where14.Chans restaurant on Baker Street,_ used to be poorly run,is now a successful business.浙江卷A.that B.which C.who D.whereBD
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