1、语法难点突破之五定语从句（一）语法专题突破修饰名词和代词的成分定语:a beautiful flowera tall boybeautifultall定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句This is the best film that I have seen.定语从句the best film 先行词that关系词This is the best film that I have seen.关系词引导定语从句代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分关系词的作用1）2）3）London is the city that/which has hostedthe 2012 Olympic Games.Londo
2、n the city host the 2012 Olympic Games.Revision1 the usage of the relative pronoun关系代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语whowhomwhichthatwhosethe usage of the relative adverb关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbial类别意义功能形式关系代词限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。修饰先
3、行词修饰先行词/整个句子无逗号隔开有逗号与主句隔开有that 无that Revision 2 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别作宾语时可以省略不可以省略 Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.Her brother,who is now a soldier,always encourages her to go to college.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（隐含意思：或许不止一个哥哥）她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。The book(that/which)I boug
4、ht yesterday is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix.The book,which I bought yesterday,is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix.有有thatthat，作，作宾语宾语时可以省略时可以省略不用不用that,that,作宾语时不可以省略作宾语时不可以省略，我昨天买的那本书是哈利波特与凤凰令1.指物时只用that 或which 的情况2.介词+关系代词3.Whose 用法及转换形式4.as 与which的区别5.指人时that 与who的区别6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代
5、词7.定语从句中的主谓一致问题常见考点1.This is all _ I know about the matter.A.that B.what C.who D.whether2.Is there anything else _ you require?A.which B.that C.who D.what3.The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D.it考点一:that 与which 的区别先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,an
6、ything等不定代词时，关系代词用that4.He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.A.which B.that C.it D.whom5.There is no dictionary _ you can find everything.A.that B.which C.where D.in that6.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A.that B./C.which D.it7.Which was the hotel
7、_ was recommended to you?A.that B.which C.where D.it先行词为人和物的组合先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时先行词被序数词或最高级修饰；先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级(the best),the last,the very,the only 等时。若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者 which，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用 who,which，而用 that。1.先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词2.先
8、行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时。3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级(the best),the last,the very,the only 等时。4.先行词为人和物的组合5.若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者 which，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用 who,which，而用 that。只用that的情况:1.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.A.which B that C this D.it只用which的情况:1
9、,逗号后面2,介词后面2.The day _ he was born was Jan.20,2013.A.on which B.thatC.whichD.this 考点二:介词+关系代词提醒:介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择.方法一:根据从句中动词或形容词与先行词习惯搭配方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which 或 whom;不可用that 或who 代替The man is from Beijing University.I talked about him at the m
10、eeting.The man(who/whom/that)I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.Join them into one sentence.=The man aboutI talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。whom但遇到固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。Is this the book(which/that
11、)you arelooking for?Filling blanks:1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.with whomin which考点三：Whose 用法及转换形式1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。Thats the child whose father is a teacher.Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a
12、 book whose cover is green.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。3.whose的先行词指物时,可用of which代替,但词序不同，即whose+名词=the+n+of which =of which+the+n.He lives in the room whose window faces south.=He lives in the room,faces south.=He lives in the room,faces south.the window of which of which the window 考点四：as与which引
13、导的定语从句两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。e.g.Such books as you tell me are interesting.I have the same plan as you.2.as 引导的从句可以放在句首,as 本身有“正如.正象”之意，与之连用的词有 know,see,expect,announce,point out 等。e.g.As we all know,the earth is round.1._ was natural,he married Jenny.A.Which B.Th
14、at C.This D.As2.Such signs _ we use in the experiment _ Greek letters.A.as,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is3.She is very good at dance,_ everybody knows.A.that B.which C.who D.as4._ has been said above,grammar is a set of dead rules.A.Which B.What C.That D.As5.We do the same work _ they do.A.which B
15、.as C.than D.likeAnyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行词时,用”who”代替“that”.考点五:that 与who的区别whowhowho 考点六:如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词?选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词2.关系词在从句中充当的成分。做主语，宾语，定语用做状语用关系代词关系副词 I will never forget the da
16、y _ I first went to school.I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing.The house _ we visited is being repaired now.The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.when(which/that)(which/that)where 考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty2.Don t ch
17、oose me,who _not fit for this jobisam3.This is one of the best books _.A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written C.that has written D.that have written4.She is not the only one of the girls _ well in class.A.which sings B.who sing C.who sings D.who to sing1.Is this factory _ we visi
18、ted last week?DIs this the factory _ we visited last Week?A、where B、thatC、to which D、the oneB解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。Exercises2.Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA先行词是situation,case,scene时，一般用where,也可用in which3.She will never forget the day_ s
19、he spent in Beijing.A、when B、whatC、which D、whyCShe will never forget the day_ she stayed with him in Beijing.A5.The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、who B、whoseC、of whom D、whichB6.Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A、who B、who wantC、who wants D、whatB7.I dont like Eng
20、lish,_ grammar I am not interested.I dont like English,_ grammar is difficult to learn.I like this house,_ doorway is just enough to get.I like this house,_ doorway is small.A.in which B.which C.through whose D.whoseADCD8.I，_ your good friend,will try my best to help you out.A、who is B、what is C、wha
21、t am D、who am D9.Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?A、which B、thatC、what D、asB10.His walking stick,_ he cant walk,was lost yesterday.A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without whichD11.Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asB12.As many members _ were pres
22、ent agreed to the plan.A.whoB.that C.which D.as D13.He must be from Africa,_ can be seen from his skin.A.thatB.as C.whoD.what B14.This is the same pen _I lost yesterday.A.as B.that C.the one D.A&B D比较：.the same pen as I lost.the same pen that I lost.表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支.15.The teacher
23、gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve.The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve it.A.as B.that C.which D.the onesABso.that 后面跟的是一个结果状语从句16._is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.A.Which B.As C.What D.ThatB17.Ill tell you _ h
24、e told me last night.A.all which B.all what C.that all D.all D18.How do you like the book?Its quite different from _ I read last month.A.that B.which C.the one D.the one whatC19.There are three libraries in our school,_ were built five years ago.A、all of themB、either of themC、all of whichD、both of t
25、hatC20.I bought some books from the bookstore,five _were English novels.A.of which B.whichC.that D.in whichA名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom引导非限定性定语从句21.Here are players from Japan,some of _ are our old friends.Here are some players from Japan and some of _ are our old friends.A.which B.that C.whom D.them非限制性
26、定语从句并列句CD解题思路:1.通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。2.题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。3.分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主语或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词4.注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and,but等。Translation 1.这就是那位帮助我的人。2.你昨天见到的史密斯夫人是我的一个朋友。3.你认识一个叫王雨的人吗？This is the man who helped me.Mrs.Smith whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?4.我收到的那份礼物是我哥送的。5.他在我出去的那个星期来我家了。6.请给我解释一下你不辞而别的理由好吗？The present that/which I received was from my brother.He came to my home during the week when I was out.Could you please give me a reason why you left without a word?
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