1、飓风是如何形成的？该如何预防飓风？下面让我们一起了解一下吧！Many people like the feeling of the gentle wind in spring. Many people like to see the falling leaves dancing in the wind in autumn. But sometimes, when the wind becomes a storm, it can be very destructive(毁灭性的)Every year, major storms cause many problems around the wor
2、ld. There is nothing people can do to stop these powerful forces of nature. But new techniques are helping scientists to predict(预测) how, when, and where big storms will happen. The more exact scientists warnings are, the better people can prepare for the storms.Predictions are improving.“Weve gotte
3、n better over the years, especially the last few years，”says Phil Klotzbach, a scientist at an American university. How is a storm formed? Even if scientists know where a storm will happen, winds can suddenly change, carrying the storm to a new direction.“For a hurricane to happen, conditions have t
4、o be just right，”Klotzbach says.First, the ocean water needs to be warm enough so that it evaporates(蒸发) and rises into the air. As it rises, the vapor cools and turns back into liquid. This process gives off heat. This produces energy like an engine that causes winds to increase. It drives the form
5、ation(形成) of a hurricane.If wind speed reaches 40 miles per hour, the system is called “tropical storm”， and it gets a name. At 75 miles per hour, it becomes a hurricane.The hurricane season lasts from June to November. Ninety percent of all hurricanes hit in August, September, and October.Section S
6、tarting out & Understanding ideas重点单词阅读词汇(在不认识的单词前划)tube nhurricane n.写作词汇1disaster n.灾难，灾祸2plus adj.(用于数字后面表示)多，余3occur v发生拓展词汇4erupt v(火山)爆发，喷发eruption n火山爆发；(战争等)爆发5immediately adv.即刻，马上immediate adj. 立即的；即刻的6announcement n通告，公告announce vt.宣布；通告重点短语1react to对作出反应2pick up捡起，拿起3compared to/with和比起来
7、；与相比4make it to及时赶到5look through浏览6after all终究；毕竟重点句型now that原因状语从句：Now that its hard to avoid a disaster on Earth(既然很难在地球上避免灾难), perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space. Read the text on Pages 6263 and match the main idea of the paragraphs.1Paragraph 1AThe authors feeling after walkin
8、g out of the Tube.2Paragraph 2 BWhat the author finds and feels before entering the Tube.3Paragraph 3 CThe strange ideas of the author in the Tube.4Paragraph 4 DThe authors experience inside the Tube.5Paragraph 5EThe shocking news about the disaster from the newspaper.答案：15.BDCEA Read the text caref
9、ully and choose the best answer according to the text.1What can we learn from the text?AThere is a volcano in London erupting now.BThe working place will move to the top floor.CThe author wants to sell his flat and buy a boat.DThe temperature in London is higher than before.2What do we know about th
10、e Central Line in London?AIt was built earlier than most of the other lines.BThe air conditioning was invented early than it.CGoing down on the stairs is hard for the passengers.DIt was the hottest and deepest on the worlds Tube system.3Why does the author feel uncomfortable in the Tube?ABecause he
11、is wearing a suit today.BBecause he had special food for breakfast.CBecause he can make it to Bank Station soon.DBecause there are many people and much hot air.4Why does the author feel good after walking out of the Tube?ABecause he has been worrying too much.BBecause he is moving to space.CBecause
12、he feels cooler outside.DBecause his destination is here now.答案：14.DADC Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1Sure enough, going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano thats erupting.本句是简单句。going down the stairs and onto the platform是动名词短语作主语；thats erup
13、ting为that引导的定语从句。 翻译果然，下楼梯上月台就像跳进一座正在喷发的火山。2Looking through my newspaper, Im shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.本句为主从复合句。Looking through my newspaper为现在分词短语作时间状语；主句中showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town为现在分词短语作定语，修饰photos，其中分词短语中的that a hurricane
14、in Asia has destroyed a town是宾语从句。 翻译翻阅报纸的时候，我对亚洲的飓风摧毁了一个城镇的照片感到震惊。 compared with/to.和比起来，与相比(教材P62) This, however, is nothing compared to the train.然而，与火车相比，这算不了什么。(1)compare.with/and. 把和加以比较compare.to. 把比作(2)comparison n. 比较；对比Compared to/with your brother，you should make greater efforts to study
15、English.和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力地学习英语。Many parents like comparing their own children with their friends children.许多父母喜欢拿自己的孩子和朋友的孩子进行比较。As a famous saying goes，“Life is compared to a voyage.”俗话说，“人生好比一次航行。”巧学活用单句语法填空(1)Comparing(compare) his camera with mine，I find mine is better.(2)Compare(compare) his camer
16、a with mine，and I find mine is better.(3)Compared(compare) with/to his camera, I find mine is better. make it成功，及时赶到(教材P62)I hope I can make it to Bank Station.Ill avoid the feeling by thinking about work.我希望我能及时赶到银行站我会通过考虑工作来避开这种感觉。make up 编造；虚构；组成，构成；和解make up for 弥补；偿还make use of 利用make out 理解；弄清
17、make up ones mind (to do sth.) 下决心(做某事)We have the dream and work hard. We will make it!我们有梦想、肯努力。我们会成功的。The flight leaves in twenty minuteswell never make it再过20分钟飞机就要起飞，我们无论如何也赶不上了。We dont like him because he is always making up excuses whenever he makes mistakes.我们都不喜欢他是因为每次他犯了错误，总能编造出借口来。巧学活用完成句
18、子(1)我能听到有声音，却听不清他们在说什么。I heard voices, but couldnt make out what they were saying(2)只要你下定决心好好利用时间学习，你就会成功。If you make up your mind to make good use of your time to study, youll make it(3)卡洛琳没有音乐天赋，但她用努力学习弥补了她的不足。Caroline doesnt have a gift for music, but she makes up for it with hard work. look thro
19、ugh浏览；仔细检查(教材P63)Looking through my newspaper, Im shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.翻阅报纸的时候，我对亚洲的飓风摧毁了一个城镇的照片感到震惊。get through 通过(考试等)；接通电话；完成；用完go through 获准，经过程序；通过；经历；详细检查break through 冲破，突破live through 经历Would you please look through the paper for me and see
20、if there are any mistakes？你可以帮我浏览一下这篇论文，看看里面是否有一些错误吗？I must look through these bills and check them before I pay them.我必须在付款前查看并核对一下这些账单。巧学活用完成句子(1)科学家们希望不久在研究癌症治愈方法方面会有突破。The scientists hope to break through soon in the research for a cure for cancer.(2)和我爱的人在一起，我可以和他一起渡过生活中的一切难关。With someone I lov
21、e I can go through all the hardships of life together. occurv发生，出现；想起(教材P63)Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change.专家说这种坏天气是由于气候变化造成的。sth. occurs to sb. 某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到It occurs to sb.that./to do sth.某人突然想起Flu often occurs in winter and spring.流感经常发生在冬季和春季。(陕西卷)Ralph WEmers
22、on would always set down new ideas that occurred to him.拉尔夫W爱默生总是把他突然想到的新想法记下来。It never occurred to her to ask(ask) for anyone when she was in trouble.当她遇到困难时从未想到求助他人。表示“某人想到”还可以用下列句式：It strikes/hits sb.that.sth. strikes sb.sth. comes to sb.sb.hit on/upon sth. announcementn通告，公告(教材P63)“The next stat
23、ion is Bank！”comes the announcement.“下一站是银行站！”广播通知说。(1)make an announcement 宣布(2)announce vt. 宣布；通告，预示announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣告某事It is announced that. 据宣布(3)announcer n. 播音员；广播员I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it.阅读了你们在网上公布的夏令营布告
24、，对此我很感兴趣。It is wise to announce the news to the public.把这则消息告知公众是明智的。It is announced that therell be a celebration on National Day.据宣布国庆节要举行庆祝会。巧学活用单句语法填空The announcer made an announcement that all the details should be announced through the broadcast.(announce)now that原因状语从句(教材P63)Now that its hard
25、 to avoid a disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space.既然很难在地球上避免灾难，也许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去句中now that 用作连词，引导原因状语从句，口语中that可省略，相当于since, 强调人们已知的事实。because比now that/since表示的原因更直接。(牛津词典)Now (that) youve passed your test you can drive on your own.既然你已经通过驾驶考试，你可以独自开车了。Now that you h
26、ave got everything ready, we can get started.既然你把所有事情都准备好了，我们可以开始了。表示“原因”的其他短语：due to/owing to/on account of 由于，因为；because of因为(在句中作状语或表语)；thanks to 由于，多亏(在句中作状语)。 品句填词1An unexpected storm occurred(发生) when we were enjoying the pleasant voyage at the Yellow Sea.2One million and five hundred thousand
27、 people died in natural disasters(灾害) between 2016 and 2019.3Heat the glass tube(管子) to the point that it can bend.4The little boy knows that five plus(加) five equals ten.5Its many years since Mount Vesuvius last eruption(爆发)6Whenever you have a practical plan，just carry it out immediately(立刻)7Atten
28、tion please, everyone.I have an announcement(通告) to make.8We ve just heard a warning on the radio that a hurricane(飓风) is likely to come. 完成句子1既然你们忙得够呛，我们就不再麻烦你们了。Now that/Since you are busy enough we wont trouble you any more.2与整个地球的大小相比，最高的山似乎一点也不高。Compared to/with the size of the whole earth，the
29、highest mountain does not seem high at all.3我想如果你遵循下面的建议，你就能成功。I think you can make it if you follow the advice below.4同学们对班主任的提议有何反应？How did the students react to the head teachers suggestion?5他捡起汤姆的书包，然后快速跑开了。He picked up the bag belonging to Tom and ran away quickly. 课文语法填空Today, the temperature
30、of London 1.is expected(expect) to reach 30 plus degrees! You may find the articles 2.with the same title“Hot！Hot！Hot！”in the newspapers. The Central Line is one of the oldest 3.lines(line) and one of the deepest.Going down the stairs and onto the platform makes you hard to breathe and it is nothing
31、，pared(compare) to the train.Some of the passengers in it feel 5.a bit sick and they hope they can make 6.it to their destination soon. Each summer in London definitely seems 7.hotter(hot) than the last. Perhaps it is time 8.to start(start) planning for the future. 9.Fortunately(fortunate), if you s
32、tep out of the station, you 10.will feel(feel) a fresh wind on your face. 单句语法填空1Now that you have finished your work，youd better have a rest.2Compared(compare) with his brother, he was easier to get along with.3(山东卷) As long as you have a dream, keep trying and youll make it4As I looked through the
33、 newspapers，I found some useful information on how to apply for a good job.5Suddenly a good idea occurred(occur) to me, but I couldnt find any paper to write on.6The fresh flowers and green trees announced(announcement) that spring was here.7I dont know how Mrs. White will react to the news that her
34、 son has won the first place in the writing competition.8Mr. Green picked up some French when he was away on a business trip last year.9If you want to catch the last train, youd better set off for the station immediately(immediate)10An earthquake, which may cause great damage, is one of the most com
35、mon natural disasters(disaster) 完成句子1既然你有机会，就该充分利用。Now that youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.2我正要进餐厅时，突然想到我没有锁车。I was about to go into the restaurant when it occurred to me that I had not locked the car.3真遗憾，汤姆不能来参加这次聚会了。It is a shame that Tom cant make it to the party4浏览一下杂
36、志，看看有没有你能贴到海报上的图片。Look through magazines to find pictures that you can stick on your poster.5和我们的小公寓相比，比尔的房子就像是宫殿。Compared with/to our small flat，Bills house seemed like a palace. 阅读理解ACities are likely to be affected by overheating, thanks to something called the urban heat island effect. Cities te
37、nd to be short of trees, which provide shade, and they are covered with black pavement, which absorbs heat from the sun. Think of how it feels to wear a dark shirt versus a white shirt on a sunny day. A black shirt absorbs light, heating you up. But a white shirt reflects light, keeping you cool.The
38、 average temperature in a city of a million or more people can be more than 5 degrees F hotter than surrounding areas. That extra 5 degrees can turn a hot day from uncomfortable to deadly. As temperatures rise, cities will be an especially dangerous place to be during a heat wave. To protect public
39、health, city officials are going to make the city cooler. As part of that effort, Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt(沥青). It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air conditioning sends
40、power bills soaring. And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality. Hot weather worsens air pollution by turning car exhaust into smog, which can make life miserable for people with asthma(哮喘) and other breathing problems. Of course, LA will have to do more than paint ove
41、r a few streets to cool off the city. Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply white paint to rooftopsat least those not already covered in solar panels. While LA is a pioneer of reflective streets, other cities, like New York, are already experimenting with reflective roofs or, like M
42、elbourne, lowering the temperature by planting trees. LA is hardly alone in its effort to stay cool.“This is an urgent challenge, and its much bigger than one person，”said Mayor Garcetti in a recent statement. “Climate change is a fact of life that people in Los Angeles and cities around the world l
43、ive with every day.”【解题导语】文章主要提出了热岛效应这个概念，然后说明热岛效应带来的危害。1Which of the following contributes to the urban heat island effect? APlanting more trees in the streets. BCovering the streets with white paint. CApplying reflective paint on rooftops. DFurnishing every house with air conditioners. D解析：推理判断题。根
44、据文章第一段的内容以及倒数第二段第二句 Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply white paint to rooftops 可知，多植树，把道路刷成白色，以及给屋顶粉刷具有反射性的颜料，这些都是缓解热岛效应的措施，因此A、B和C项均不符合题意。D项意为“给每座房子装空调”，会加重热岛效应， 符合题意。2What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer? AHow to make the city cooler. BWhere to wear a whit
45、e shirt. CWhy coat the roads with black paint. DWhen to cut off the electricity supply. A解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知，热岛效应导致市区的温度比郊区高五度，而这会给人们的健康带来致命的危险，因此政府人员在炎热夏季的主要任务就是让城市的温度降下来，因此A项符合题意。3What benefit can people gain from the use of CoolSeal? AIncreasing the indoor activities. BPromoting the sale of air
46、conditioners. CMaking life easier and more comfortable. DReducing the number of cold days. C解析：根据文章第三段第一句 As part of that effort, Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt(沥青)和第三句 And it will save lives by lowe
47、ring temperatures and improving air quality. 可知， 把洛杉矶的马路涂上一层冷却面，即一种灰色的油漆， 可以降低温度并改善空气质量，从而使人们的生活更加轻松舒适。故选C。4Whats the main idea of the passage? ALA adopted many approaches to fight against the heat. BLA calls on people to fight against global warming. CMore and more countries begin to plant trees in
48、 the streets. DLA is painting its streets white to keep the city cool. D解析：主旨大意题。文章主要提出了热岛效应这个概念，然后说明热岛效应带来的危害，最后也是文章的中心内容，介绍了洛杉矶为了给城市降温而采取的措施把街道刷成白色，因此D项符合题意。B“The world should help Africa invest(投资) in the health and education of Africas younger generation to help fight poverty，” said Bill Gates,
49、whose foundation released its annual report on Tuesday. The report measured progress towards achieving UN povertyreducing goals in 2030. The report tracks 18 data points on UN development goals, including child deaths, HIV, extreme poverty, and so on.“While the poverty rate is decreasing globally, t
50、he fast population growth in Africa could delay that progress. Therefore, it could even rise，” the report warns. “If those investments were made properly, young Africans will help develop the economy and the population growth will fall, as has been the case in other countries，” said the report.The r
51、eport showed that by 2050, over 40% of extremely poor people in the world will live in just two countries: Congo and Nigeria. “The challenge of population growth in Africa leads to a simple idea that the world should help Africa invest in the health and the education of this young generation in Afri
52、ca，” Gates told journalists. Asked how to meet the growing population and poverty challenge, Gates said improving access to birth control was the key.In its family planning section, the report called on policymakers to enable women to have the right to choose the number of children they have, and wh
53、en they have them. According to UN data, Africa will account for over half of the worlds population growth by 2050. Yet if every woman in Africa could decide the number of their children, the population increase could be 30% smaller. This would also enable more girls and women to stay in school long
54、er, get married and have children later. Smaller families tend to be healthier and more productive.The report also mentioned great progress from Brazil on nutrition, Indonesia for family planning and Vietnam for the quality of education.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了盖茨基金会发布的一份关于帮助投资非洲年轻一代的健康和教育，以消除非洲贫困的报告。5
55、The purpose of releasing the report is to _Atell us about UN povertyreducing goalsBcall on the world to help Africa fight povertyCintroduce ways to develop the economy worldwideDstate the progress made in health and education last yearB解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“The world should help Africa invest(投资) in the.f
56、ight poverty，” said Bill Gates, whose foundation released its annual report on Tuesday.可知，盖茨基金会发布这份报告主要是为了号召全球一起帮助非洲摆脱贫困。6What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?AThe poverty rate.BThe population of Africa.CThe income of Africans.DThe progress of education.A解析：代词指代题。根据第二段的While th
57、e poverty rate is decreasing globally, the fast population growth in Africa could delay that progress.could even rise可知，虽然世界范围内的贫困率正在逐渐降低，但是非洲人口的快速增长可能会推迟这一进展。因此，贫困率可能会再次上升。7What does Bill Gates think is an effective way to fight poverty in Africa?AControlling the population birth rate.BAllowing gir
58、ls to be educated in school longer.CGiving young people more chances to study abroad.DEncouraging young people to make more investments.A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的Asked how to meet the growing population and poverty challenge, Gates said improving access to birth control was the key. 可知，比尔盖茨认为消除贫困最关键的是要控制人口出生率
59、。 完形填空A little boy was learning to play the piano in a musical school.One day，Paderewski，who was a very famous pianist in Poland，was holding a piano concert in his city.Wishing to encourage her young sons 1 on the piano，his mother took the boy to the Paderewski concert.After they were seated，the mot
60、her 2 a friend in the audience，who she hadnt met for a long time.So she walked down the aisle (过道) to 3 her.The mother and her friend stood chatting happily for a while before the 4 Seizing the opportunity，the little boy rose and eventually made his way through a door 5 “No Admittance” to explore th
61、e wonders of the concert hall.When the house lights became 6 and the concert was about to begin，the mother returned to her 7 .And she discovered that her child was 8 . She looked around，but her son was nowhere to be seen.Suddenly，the 9 parted and spotlights focused on the impressive piano on the sta
62、ge.To her horror，the mother saw her little boy sitting at the 10 ，innocently playing Twinkle，Twinkle Little Star on the piano.At that moment，the great piano master made his entrance.He 11 moved to the piano in a hurry，and 12 in the boys ear，“Dont 13 Keep playing.”Then leaning over，Paderewski reached
63、 down with his left hand and began filling in a bass (低音的) part.Soon his right arm reached around to the other side of the child and he added a running obbligato (助奏)Together，the old master and the young beginner transformed a frightening situation into a(n) 14 experience.The audience had never seen
64、 such a performance form.They listened curiously and attentively， 15 in the wonderful music world.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。波兰著名钢琴家Paderewski在一次演奏会上突遇意外事件，但他沉着应对，巧妙化解了困境，并把它扭转成一次令人耳目一新的新奇体验。1A.progress BcuriosityCtalent DinterestA解析：为了鼓励她儿子在钢琴上取得进步，她决定带儿子去听这个音乐会。progress“进步”，符合语境。2A.called BspottedCmade Dtreat
65、edB解析：spot在此用作动词，意为“看出，认出”。3A.congratulate BwelcomeCgreet DhelpC解析：根据常识判断，在剧院遇到朋友，她过去与她的朋友打招呼。greet“问候，招呼”，符合语境。4A.class BlectureCmeeting DperformanceD解析：在演出开始之前，这位母亲站在那里与朋友开心地聊了一会儿。performance意为“表演，演奏”，符合语境。5A.decorated BequippedCpacked DmarkedD解析：这个小男孩最后竟然摸进了一扇上面写着“不得入内”的门里。mark“在上做记号”，符合语境。6A.dim
66、 BbrightCshiny DcolorfulA解析：根据常识及所在句的内容可知，表演快开始时灯光暗下来。dim“昏暗的”，符合语境。7A.home BtableCseat DpianoC解析：前面提到她离开座位去与朋友打招呼，现在演出快开始了，她应是回到了座位上。故选C项。8A.missing BsickCafraid DasleepA解析：后面一句“She looked around，but her son was nowhere to be seen.”是线索提示，她的儿子不见了。故选A项。9A.friends BdoorCstage DcurtainD解析：根据常识判断是幕布拉开了。
67、故选D项。10A.floor BkeyboardCspotlight DentranceB解析：这个男孩正在弹琴，故可判断他坐在键盘边上。keyboard在文中意为“(乐器的)键盘”。11A.quickly BangrilyCslowly DsadlyA解析：此处强调动作快，故选A。12A.shouted BcriedCtalked DwhisperedD解析：后面的“in the boys ear”暗示钢琴家在男孩的耳边小声说话，故选D。whisper“悄声说，低语”。13A.wait BquitCspeak DplayB解析：后面的“Keep playing”表明钢琴家要他继续弹下去，不要停下来。quit“停止”，符合语境。14A.creative BattractiveCembarrassing DpuzzlingA解析：这种演奏法以前从未有过，是一种创作体验。creative“创造(性)的”，符合语境。15A.engaged BcaughtCinvolved DlostD解析：此处表示沉醉在这美好的音乐世界之中，lost“全神贯注的”，符合语境。
