1、重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地However，although，but，while都可以表示转折关系，但它们的词性、用法各有不同。一、howeverhowever adv.然而，不过。它的语气比but 的弱，不直接引出相反的意见，可放于句首和句中，且通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。Module2 Developing and Developed Countries Period FourGrammar：Link words 课件（外研版必修3，课标通用）重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地You will be lucky if he lets you go without a ticke
2、t.However，this does not always happen.他如果不给你一个违章通知单就放你走，那是你运气好。不过，这种事不是常有的。Id like to go with you;however，my hands are full.我很想和你一块儿去，可是我很忙。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地although 与though这两个词意思相同，通常可以换用，但although语气较重，通常放在句首，并用于正式场合。Id quite like to go out，(al)though it is raining.我很想出去，虽然正下着小雨。Although it was sn
3、owing，it was not very cold.虽然下着雪，但并不是很冷。二、1重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地though作“尽 管”讲，引 导 让 步 状 语 从 句 可 以 倒 装，但although 没有这种用法。as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装。Poor though/as he is，he is happy.虽然穷但他过得很开心。Child though/as she was，the actress was drawing wide audience.尽管这个女演员还是个孩子，却吸引着很多观众。(child前不用冠词a)2 重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地althoug
4、h 只用作连词，而though 除作连词外，还可用作副词，常置于句末，句子较长时，也可置于句中。Its hard work.I enjoyed it though.这是苦差事，可我干得颇有乐趣。Theres no excuse,though,for hurting her feelings.伤到她的感情一事，还是不可原谅。although 和though 用作连词时不能和but 连用，但可以和yet，still 等连用。Although he lives alone，yet he is happy.He lives alone，but he is happy.虽然独自生活，但他很开心。3 4重
5、点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地butbut是连词，意为“但是”，用来引出较弱的相反意见，常用于口语中。I was going to write，but I lost your address.我本来要写信的，可我把你的地址弄丢了。三、重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地whilewhile是连词，意为“但，却，然而”。while 表示对比或用于引出相反的情况。You like tennis while Id rather read.你爱打网球，但我爱看书。I drink black coffee while he prefers it with milk.四、重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧
6、学园地however/while/but的区别这三个词都有“然而”的意思，但用法上有一定的区别：however在句中的位置比较灵活，且通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。I did not expect you would come;however，I am very pleased to see you.我没有想到你会来，但我还是很高兴见到你。五、1重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地while多用于表对比，而且前后两个分句在结构上对称。Some people are rich while others are poor.有些人富，(而)有些人穷。but是常用词，表示语意上的转折关系。Id ask
7、ed everybody but only two people came.每个人我都请了，可是只来了两个。2 3重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地We had to wait half an hour_we had already booked a table.Asince Balthough Cuntil Dbefore解析although 引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”。句意：虽然我们订了座位，但是我们不得不等半小时。since 意为“自从”；until 意为“直到”；before 意为“在之前”。答案 B【单项填空】1重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地Although badly
8、hurt in the accident，the driver was_able to make a phone call.Astill Beven Calso Dever解析句意：尽管在事故中受重伤，但司机还能打电话。although.yet/still.用以表达“尽管，但还是”，属于让步状语从句的范畴。答案 A2 重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun.Isnt it rather risky，_？Athough BalsoCeither Dtoo解析句意：在冰冷的体育场上玩耍听
9、起来很有趣，不过，难道不很冒险吗？though尽管；然而；also也，用于肯定句中；either也(不)；too也，用于肯定句中。由句意和四个词的基本用法可知选A，though 用作副词时表示转折。答案 A3 重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地假如你是李华，现在在美国学习。请根据下表的提示给某英文报社写篇文章，介绍你在美国学习的感受。对比类文章【写作任务】中国美国学习上老师帮助制定学习计划学习是自己的事情，完全靠自己生活上依靠父母自己买东西，自己做家务感受喜欢在美国的生活，培养了责任感重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地第一步：认真审题本单元的写作话题是写一篇对比类文章。实际上是让学生对对比
10、的地点、事物等进行描写、说明。写对比性的文章把两个事物描述清楚即可，但是需要注意描写的顺序。一般来说有两种顺序：第一种是分开描述两个事物，把其中一个写完之后，再写另一个；第二种是同时描述两个事物，就某一方面进行对比。【写作分析】1对所给的要点不要简单翻译，要有适当发挥；2词数：120左右。【写作要求】重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地细心审题，提炼主题。首先应认真阅读写作提示或说明，围绕被比较的内容，提炼出主题。认真思考，得出结论。事物对比不能仅停留在就事论事的层面上，要通过比较，得出一个结论或说明一个主题。逻辑合理，语言流畅。在事物的对比中，通常用到下列过渡词：while，and，on t
11、he other hand，though(although)，on the contrary等。123写此类文章时应注意以下几点：重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地第二步：提炼要点1enjoy living in America2be responsible for3be different from4in my country，dont worry about your educational plan5Learning is my own business here6do everything such as shopping,cooking，washing，cleaning etc.7
12、make a plan and have good schedules8cant rely on parents重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地第三步：扩点成句1Since I came to America，I really have enjoyed living here，for I am responsible for everything myself and able to push myself forward.2The life here is very different from that in my country.3In my country，you dont hav
13、e to worry about your educational plan，for teachers are always concerned about your future.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地4Learning is my own business here.Everything is controlled by myself，if I want to get a good job.5I should spare time to do something such as going to supermarkets to buy some food.And I have
14、 to deal with my lunch and dinner in my daily life.I should wash my clothes and clear up my room.6I have to make a plan and have good schedules every day.7I cant rely on my mother or my father.I have to do my part.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【参考范文】Since I came to America，I really have enjoyed living here，for
15、I am responsible for everything myself and able to push myself forward.Actually，the life here is very different from that in my country.Firstly，in my country，you dont have to worry about your educational plan，for teachers are always concerned about your future.However，learning is my own business her
16、e.Everything is controlled by myself，if I want to get a good job.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地 Secondly，I should spare time to do something such as going to supermarkets to buy some food.And I have to deal with my lunch and dinner in my daily life.Furthermore，I should wash my clothes and clear up my room.So I
17、have to make a plan and have good schedules every day.On the other hand，I cant rely on my mother or my father.I have to do my part.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地短文简明扼要，引出主题。由于文化的差异，导致教育方式及目的等有明显差别。文章言简意赅，就学校学习及生活进行了很清晰的对比，充分体现了作者驾驭语言的能力。运用了一些过渡词(firstly，secondly，furthermore，on the other hand等等)，从而显得文章连贯性很强。【亮点展
18、示】12重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地对比类写作的常用类型：(1)今昔对比：文章通常用一般现在时和一般过去时。写作格式：主题句对过去情况的描述对现在情况的描述总结句。(2)正反观点对比：文章通常采用同一种时态。写作格式：提出问题介绍两种不同的观点对两种不同观点的论据逐项进行对比结尾加上自己的观点并阐明理由。(3)数据分析对比：文章通常用一般现在时和一般过去时。写作格式：提出所要说明的现象数据对比得出结论。【写作模板】1重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地开头常用句式：(1)In order to have a clear picture of.，we made a survey.(2)W
19、e surveyed the two.in order to have a clear picture of them.(3)In order to know the two.better，we made a survey.2 重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地作比较时常用的句式：(1)People in A Town earned 20,000 dollars per year on average,while people.(2)People in B City earned much more than people in.twice as high as it was in 1997
20、.(3)According to the above,we know.have grown faster in the ten years.(4)The comparison shows that.have developed faster in the decade.(5)We can draw a conclusion that.3 重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地常用过渡性词语：in the same way，similarly，likewise，on the contrary，by contrast，however，equal to，on the other hand，while，
21、whereas，though，although等4 重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地细节性问题是关于Supporting Details类的问题，在通过略读(Skimming)找出主题后，应进一步掌握阐述主题的重要事实，或按要求找出特定细节。在解答细节性问题时，通常应采用查读法(Scanning)来锁定具体细节在文中的位置。怎样解答阅读理解中的细节性问题重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地细 节 性 问 题 的 题 目 常 以 Wh(如 who，what，when，where，why等)疑问句的形式出现。有时也采用陈述句的形式。这些问题的表达通常不采用文章中的原话，而是通过同义词语等来实现
22、，因此，在选择答案前应首先看准题干，看清问题所问；然后，在查读时注意寻找与题目相关的关键词语；最后，在充分理解原文、原题的基础上确定正确答案。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地细节类问题的常用提问方式：1Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?2Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?3The author mentions all of the following except.4The reason for.i
23、s.5According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.).重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地 当然，这类细节性问题所涉及的面是很广的。有的涉及数字计算，如问时间、距离、次数、数量等，此时只有通过认真计算方可选定正确答案；有的涉及正误判断，解此类题目时，要先看选项，根据选项提供的线索，在文中寻找相关细节部分，最后选出答案；还有的寻问事实、原因、结果、目的等。总之，做细节题切忌通过自己对某类知识的主观了解和认知作出判断，一定要紧扣文章内容。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地Just seven years ago,the Jarvik7
24、artificial heart was being cheered as the model of human creativeness.The sight of Barney Clarkalive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for metalandplastic pumpconvinced the press,the public and many doctors that the future had arrived.【典例展示】重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地It hadnt.After monitoring pr
25、oduction of the Jarvik7，and reviewing its effects on the150 or so patients(most of whom got the device as a temporary measure)the US.Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them.Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval,effectiv
26、ely banning(禁止)the device.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地The recall may hurt Symbion Inc.,maker of the Jarvik7，but it wont end the request for an artificial heart.One problem with the banned model is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source created a passage infection.Inventors are now working on
27、 new devices that would be fully placed,along with a tiny power pack,in the patients chest.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地The first sample products arent expected for another 10 or 20 years.But some people are already worrying that theyll work and that Americas overextended health care programs will lose$2.5 bil
28、lion to$5 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients.If such expenditures(开支)cut into funding for more basic care，the net effect could actually be a decline in the nations health.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地According to the passage the Jarvik7 artificial heart proved to be_.Aa technical
29、 failureBa technical wonderCa good lifesaverDan effective means to treat heart disease1.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地解 析结 合 题 干 和 选 项 可 知，题 干 问 的 是 the Jarvik7 artificial heart最终的”命运”和定位。文章一开头说Jarvik7是一大技术成就，但文章又提到：.the US.Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives
30、 than to save them.Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval,effectively banning the device.由此可判断答案为A。答案 A重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地The new models of artificial hearts are expected_.Ato have a working life of 10 or 20 yearsBto be set fully in the patients chestCto be equipped with an external power sourceDto create a new passage for infection解析跳读文章，在文中寻找与题干中的关键词the new models of artificial相关的语句：Inventors are now working on new devices.in the patients chest.由该句可知答案为B。答案 B2
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