1、Unit 1 A land of diversity课时分层作业(一)Section (建议用时：35分钟)高考题型练习提能力.阅读理解ACalifornia is famous not only for its beautiful scenery but also for its great universities.Its state university system is the largest in the country.California has many worldclass public and private universities.The following univ
2、ersities are the best in California based on the Wall Street Journal US College Rankings 2018.Stanford UniversityStanford University，or Leland Stanford Junior University(its full name)，is a private research university founded in 1891 by the railroad tycoon(铁路大亨)Leland Stanford and his wife Jane Stan
3、ford.The university sits at the heart of Silicon Valley.The universitys role in creating the US technology industry has led to its name as one of the greatest higher education institutions in the world.Stanford is placed among the top universities in the world.California Institute of Technology(Calt
4、ech)Caltech is one of the worlds leading science and engineering higher education institutions.The private research and teaching university was founded in 1891 in Pasadena just northeast of Los Angeles.Caltech has had a strong focus on science since the early 1900s and has turned out many great scie
5、ntific minds.72 of its teachers and graduates have won the Nobel Prize(by October 2018)Caltech is also famous for the quality of its teaching.It is ranked first in the USA for the number of graduates who goes on to study a PhD.University of Southern CaliforniaThe University of Southern California is
6、 a private research university in Los Angeles.It was founded in 1880 and is one of the oldest private universities in California.The universitys official mascot is Traveler，a white Andalusian horse.It first appeared at a football game in 1961 and was known as Traveler IThe current horse is now known
7、 as Traveler .【语篇解读】美国加利福尼亚州不仅有优美的风景，而且有很多世界一流的大学。加利福尼亚州的大学体系是全美最庞大的。本文介绍了在华尔街日报2018年美国大学排名中靠前的三所位于加利福尼亚州的大学。1What is the similarity between the universities above?AThey are all private universities.BThey are all located in Silicon Valley.CThey were all founded in the late 1880s.DThey are all leader
8、s in science and engineering.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话中.is a private research university.，第四段第二句话中The private research and teaching university.和第六段第一句话中.is a private research university.可知Stanford University，Caltech和University of Southern California都是私立大学，故A项正确。2From the text，we know that A72 students from
9、Caltech have won the Nobel PrizeBthe official mascot of Stanford University is Traveler CUniversity of Southern California was founded by a railroad tycoonDCaltech has the highest number of graduates going on to study a PhDD细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句话中It is ranked first in the USA for the number of graduates w
10、ho goes on to study a PhD.可知加州理工学院的学生中想要继续攻读博士学位的研究生数量是全美最多的，故D项正确；由第五段72 of its teachers and graduates.可知加利福尼亚理工学院共有72名师生获得诺贝尔奖，并非单指学生，故A错；由第七段第一句话可知南加州大学的吉祥物为Traveler，故B错；由第二段可知斯坦福大学的创办者为铁路大亨，故C错。3In the text，the author states that Athe university system in California is smallBStanford University
11、was named after its foundersCTraveler first appeared at a basketball game in 1961DCaltech is the oldest of the threeB推理判断题。根据第二段第一句话中Stanford University，or Leland Stanford Junior University(its full name).可知斯坦福大学的全称是小利兰斯坦福大学；同时根据这句话中.founded in 1891 by .Leland Stanford and his wife Jane Stanford.可推断
12、斯坦福大学是以创始人斯坦福夫妇的名字命名的，故B项正确。B“America is a nation of nations，made up of people from every land，of every race and practicing every faith.Our diversity is not a source of weakness；it is a source of strength；it is a source of our success，”said Colin Powell，the first black US.Secretary of State.The peop
13、le of the United States represent a display of ethnic(种族的)，cultural and religious backgrounds，partly due to the successive waves of immigrants from around the world.And they have made great contributions to the diverse culture of the United States，which is the reason why the United States is often r
14、eferred to as a “melting pot”The United States has welcomed more immigrants than any other countrymore than 50 million in all，and today welcomes almost 700，000 persons a year.Americans have necessarily placed great value on diversity；ethnic groups have renewed and celebrated their heritages(传统)；the
15、children of immigrants often grow up learning the languages，traditions and cultures of both their American and foreign heritages.The diversity develops actively in areas such as faith，holiday，food and sports in America along with the increasing of immigrants，and further enriches our society and cult
16、ure.But before this diversity of cultures found a home，the question certainly might have been asked，“Can a nation made up of such various backgrounds even hope to succeed？”As the American example shows，the answer is a completely “yes”The American experience owes its success to many factors(因素)Among
17、them is，of course，the vision of the nations founding fathers in establishing a government of，by and for the people.They provided a constitution (宪法)that guaranteed certain freedoms like freedom of speech and freedom of religion.Americas founders established a society that would hug diversity and cel
18、ebrate the differences that various cultures would bring to the United States.However，as different as the many cultures，religions and ethnic backgrounds are，there are values that all share，such as education，family and charity.And those shared values which have contributed so much to the strength wit
19、hin America，also inform our efforts in reaching out and finding common ground with cultures from other shores.【语篇解读】随着越来越多的人移民美国，美国的多样性也在不断丰富，并因此被称为“大熔炉”。4Whats the authors purpose in writing the first paragraph?ATo show us the saying is very famous.BTo explain the importance of the diversity.CTo in
20、troduce the topic of the diversity in the US.DTo describe how the diversity in the US.shapes.C写作意图题。本文第一段引用美国第一位黑人国务卿Colin Powell的话引出“美国的多样性”这个主题。5According to the passage，children of a ChineseAmerican family in the US.may speak Aonly ChineseBonly English Cboth Chinese and English Donly FrenchC推理判断题
21、。根据第二段中的the children of immigrants often grow up learning the languages，traditions and cultures of both their American and foreign heritages可推断出美籍华人的子女既会说中文也会说英语。6What might be Americas founders attitude towards cultural differences in the US.?ASupportive. BNegative.CDisappointed. DUnknown. A推理判断题。根
22、据第五段的Americas founders established a society that would hug diversity and celebrate the differences that various cultures would bring to the United States.可推断出美国的建立者们对美国的文化差异持支持态度。.阅读七选五Have you ever imagined the benefits that a good memory can bring to you？ 1 Here are four ways to improve your memo
23、ry. 2 There is evidence that sleep plays a vital role in the consolidation (巩固) of memories relating to learning motor skills，such as learning to play a musical instrument or ride a bike.Having a full nights sleep soon after gaining a new skill helps consolidate the processes involved，so they can la
24、ter be performed well.Its rewarding to continue education.Older people are often told to adopt a “use it or lose it” approach to maintaining cognitive (认知的) function. 3 In a 2016 study，US researchers found participants aged 6090 who spent 15 hours a week for three months learning a complex skill，suc
25、h as digital photography，saw distinct improvements in memory tests.Taking a break counts. 4 More than a century ago，German scientists showed that people apparently performed almost twice as well in memory tests if they took breaks.Its useful to stay social.Having an active social life delays memory
26、loss as we age.US scientists who asked people in their 50s and 60s to do memory tests every other year between 2001 and 2007 found the decline in recall abilities of their most sociable subjects to be half that of the least well connected. 5 ASleeping well helps strengthen memories.BOld people shoul
27、d participate in easy activities.CYoga，meditation or other relaxation techniques may help.DMemories can be destroyed if the brain doesnt have enough rests to sharpen them.EIn fact，when it comes to memory，research suggests that only certain types of mental activities help.FBeing able to remember impo
28、rtant pieces of information can give you a powerful advantage in your life.GHaving good friends，volunteering for charities and other forms of social engagement also protect memory.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了改善记忆的四种方法。1F从结构上看，第一段第一句“Have you ever imagined the benefits that a good memory can bring to you？”应该和设
29、空句构成自问自答的设问句，设空句应该围绕好记性的好处来承接；F项刚好包含了上句中关键词benefits的同义词advantage，以及上句中的短语bring to you的同义短语give you。故选F。2A根据设空处后的句子“There is evidence that sleep plays a vital role in the consolidation(巩固)of memories relating to learning motor skills.”可知本段应该是谈良好的睡眠有助于加强记忆，故选A。3E第三段主要在谈老年人的继续教育活动对其记忆的益处，继续教育是一种特定类型的脑力
30、活动，故选E。4D第四段主要谈休息对记忆的重要性。设空处前一句“Taking a break counts.”与其后一句中“.people apparently performed almost twice as well in memory tests if they took breaks.”共同含有关键词break(s)，而D项含有其同义词rests。故选D。5G根据最后一段首句“Its useful to stay social.”可知本段是在谈保持良好的社交活动对记忆的好处，只有G项句意吻合，并与最后一段首句共同含有social一词。故选G。.语法填空A man from Portl
31、and has become the first person to travel across Antarctica by himself without receiving any assistance.Colin O Brady completed the 1，500kilometer trip on Wednesday.He 1._ (cross)the continent in 54 days.Friends，family and other people followed his progress through messages and 2._ (picture)he share
32、d on Instagram.33yearold O Brady recorded the trip，which 3._ (call) “The Impossible First” by him on Instagram.He wrote on Wednesday that he traveled 4._ last 129 kilometers in one big，final push to the finish line.The distance took over one day 5._ (complete) O Brady wrote，“While the last 32 hours
33、were some of me most 6._ (challenge)hours of my life，they have been some of the best moments I have ever experienced.”“I was listening to my body and taking care of the details to keep 7._ (I)safe，”he wrote.“I called home and talked to my mom，sister and wifeI promised them I would stop 8._ I needed
34、to.”Other people have traveled across Antarctica，but they all had some form of assistance.They either had 9._ (good)，more plentiful supplies 10._ equipment that helped move them forward.【语篇解读】来自波特兰的奥布雷迪成为了第一个没有接受任何协助而自己独自穿越南极洲的人。1crossed考查时态。文章通篇为一般过去时，故此处应该用cross的过去式crossed。2pictures考查名词复数。picture是
35、可数名词，表示复数含义时应该用其复数形式，pictures与前面messages并列。3was called考查时态和语态。文章通篇为一般过去时，故此处应该用过去式；根据后面by him可知此处应用被动语态，且trip和call是动宾关系。4the考查冠词。the last表示“最后的”。5to complete考查非谓语动词。to complete在此作宾语补足语。6challenging考查词形变化。此处用challenge的形容词形式challenging修饰名词hours。7myself考查人称代词。此处用第一人称I的反身代词作keep的宾语。8when考查时间状语从句。此处用when引导时间状语从句。句意：我给家里打了电话，跟我妈妈、姐姐和妻子谈了话我向他们保证，必要时我会停下来。9better考查比较级。根据more plentiful可知此处应该用good的比较级形式。10or考查固定搭配。either.or.二者择一的；要么要么。