1、解密16 阅读理解之主旨大意题考点详解主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一， 旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占2-3个。主旨大意题的分类 1. 从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻 找或总结。2. 考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。设问特点：1. 考查全文主旨或段落
2、大意。2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。3. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。常考问题：1. 中心思想类 The main point /idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about The passage mainly discusses The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with? Which of the following s
3、tatements best expresses the main idea of the passage?2. 标题类 Which of the following is the best title of the passage? The best title for the passage would be 3. 目的类 The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to The passage is meant to . In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to【名
4、师指导】文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：1. 中心主题句出现在文首开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。2. 主题句出现在文尾在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。 （
5、2020年全国卷 B） The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be
6、 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that h
7、ave sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering
8、 at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano s
9、aid, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plants lifetime. The engineers are also trying to de
10、velop an on and offswitchwhere the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of e
11、nergy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.C. Employees from various workplaces.D. Benefits from green plants.35. Which of
12、the following can be the best title for the text?A. Can we grow more glowing plants?B. How do we live with glowing plants?C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?【答案】32. D35. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物
13、的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。32. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究
14、发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。35. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote
15、 highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到
16、节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。3. 首尾呼应的写作方法为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。Lacrosse (曲棍球) is a popular sport in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the
17、New World. People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seven meters long. At each end of the field there is a goal. The goal is a net. There are ten players on each team. Each player has a stick called “ cross”. The player hit a ball into the net as many times as possible. Lacrosse is a ver
18、y fast game because the players can catch and pass the ball at a high speed with their sticks. Players often get great fun it playing lacrosse. There are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games o
19、ver the radio. At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada. Today it is still popular with Canadians.1.The passage is mainly about _.A. How to Play Lacrosse B. Lacrosse in Canada C. The History of Lacrosse D. LacrosseA Popular Game in Canada 【答案】D【解析】作者先后两次提到“长曲棍球在加拿大很受欢迎”，显然选项D最符合短
20、文的主题。4. 中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。Handshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago
21、 in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed (无武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each others hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among
22、 friends on meeting or leaving each other. “Lets shake (hands) on it” sometimes means agreement reached.Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet? No. Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite. It is really very impolite to give your ha
23、nd when the other party, especially when it is a woman, shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or-her. Even if, for politeness, he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand, just touch it slightly. There is generally a m
24、isunderstanding (误解) among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward, while the Chinese are rather reserved (保守的) in manner. But in fact some people in western countries more reserved than some Chinese today. So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he sh
25、ows interest in further relations with you.65. The first paragraph mainly tells us _. A. where handshaking was first practisedB. how handshaking came aboutC. about the relationship between handshaking and tradeD. about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。在文章第一段说明了握手
26、的来历。实际上也就是谈论握手是怎样产生的。67. The main purpose of the text is _.A. to tell us some differences between the East and the WestB. to offer us some important facts about handshakingC. to introduce us to some different customs in the WestD. to give us some advice before we travel abroad【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。本文没有明确主题
27、句，中心主题隐含在全文之中。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了握手的一些具体情况。4. 主题句出现在文章的中间通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past. The three-day event is not fixed to the same dates each year, but generally takes place in November or December. It is well attend
28、ed by tourists, but even better attended by locals.During the opening ceremonies, after the official greetings from the government leaders, people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands, and white camels transport their riders across the sands. Horsemen from differe
29、nt nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship. One following another, groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditional culture. Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns and beat drums as they dance in differe
30、nt designs. On their knees in the sand, a group of women in long dark dresses dance with their hair: their long, dark, shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance.67. This passage mainly tells readers_. A. what happens on the opening day of the Sahara Festival B. how
31、 people celebrate during the three-day Sahara Festival C. what takes place at the closing ceremonies of the Sahara Festival D. how animals race on the first and the last days of the Sahara Festival【答案】A【解析】从文中第二段第一句话“During the opening ceremonies,”可以看出，本文主要是介绍“撒哈拉节”开幕式上的活动。答案选A。怎样给阅读文章整体加注标题高度概括法对文章
32、主旨大意的考察，不仅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出现，而且也可以用选择或拟定文章标题的形式出现。因此，选择文章标题，首先可以按照主旨大意的确定方式，先弄清文章的主旨大意，再定标题。标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想最精练的表达形式。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。那么如何选择文章的标题呢？首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体现文章主旨。要避免下列三种情况：概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；过度概括（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥）；以事实、细节替代抽
33、象具体的大意。其次，要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大则中心就不突出，太小也发挥不了应起的作用；精确度高，不能随意改变语言的表意程度及色彩。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。再次要注意标题的醒目性，标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖，标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性，读者常常从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题一般比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。最后要注意，要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方法。一般说来，拟定标题是以话题为核
34、心，与控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词组。比如某一文章的中心句为：CHINA issued the first set of stamps depicting the top 128 Chinese family names on Thursday Nov. 18th 2004 in Beijing.话题：Stamps控制性概念：CHINA issued the first set of stamps depicting the top 128 Chinese family names标题：China issued 1st set of stamps on family
35、 namesAugust 8, was Earth Overshoot Day. Calculated annually by the environmental advocacy(支持，拥护) group, Global Footprint Network (GFN), it is the day when human has consumed all the natural resources produce, meat, fish, water, and wood that our planet can regenerate(再生) in a single year. This mean
36、s that for the rest of 2016, we will be using natural resources that are impossible to replace.For those that are a little confused, it is similar to spending your entire years allowance by August and then borrowing money from friends, knowing fully well that you cannot repay the loan. GFN says that
37、 the same thing happens in the case of the Earth. The date of Earth Overshoot Day varies each year. In an ideal, fully sustainable world, we should only spend what we have. This means that Earth Overshoot Day would fall on December 31, or perhaps even spill into the following year, indicating that w
38、e are saving some resources for a rainy day. That did happen in 1961, when we only consumed three-quarters of what the planet produced. Unfortunately, the day has been going up rapidly since 2014 when it fell on August 19. In 2015, it was August 13, and this year, the earliest so far August 8! The o
39、nly way to sustain this demand would be to have 1.6 earths, which as we all know, is not possible.Fortunately, experts say that the situation is not as grim as it sounds. Many countries are already taking steps to reduce carbon emissions, which accounts for 60% of our ecological footprint, by switch
40、ing to solar or wind-generated power.Individuals can also help by eating less meat, walking, biking, or taking public transportation, as well as adopting the three Rs: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. If we all work together, we can help push back Earth Overshoot Day to December 31, or even beyond!27. Wh
41、at is the best title for the passage?A. A Warning: Earth Overshoot Day B. A Celebration: Earth Overshoot Day C. A Reminder: Reduce, Reuse, and RecycleD. An Advertisement: Global Footprint Network【文章大意】本文是一篇环保类说明文。文章介绍了Earth Overshoot Day。今年在八月八号我们就已经消耗掉今年全年的可再生资源，接着又介绍了Earth Overshoot Day的计算方法。通过介绍E
42、arth Overshoot Day，作者呼吁人们减少资源浪费。【答案】 A【解析】今年的Earth Overshoot Day是八月八号，即我们今年在八月八号就已经消耗掉我们今年全年的可再生资源。本文通过介绍Earth Overshoot Day告诉人们要减少资源浪费，所以最佳标题应是A项。检测训练题组一 真题在线Passage 1(2020全国新高考.B) Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degre
43、e. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelors degree.Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran th
44、e farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.Jennifer now is married and
45、has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Josephs Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-ye
46、ar degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.Th
47、rough it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers, s
48、he says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and thats pretty powerful.4. What did Jennifer do after high school?A. She helped her dad with his work.B. She ran the fam
49、ily farm on her own.C. She supported herself through college.D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home.5. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Josephs Hospital in Marshfield?A. To take care of her kids easily.B. To learn from the best nurses.C. To save money for her parents.D.
50、To find a well-paid job there.6. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?A. Her health.B. Her time with family.C. Her reputation.D. Her chance of promotion.7. What can we learn from Jenifers story?A. Time is money.B. Love breaks down barriers.C. Hard work pays off.D. Education is the key to
51、success.【答案】4. C5. A6. B7. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。4. 细节理解题。根据第二段的After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition, because there was no extra money set aside for a
52、 college education.(高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育)可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C. She supported herself through college.(她自食其力读完了大学)符合以上说法，故选C项。5. 细节理解题。根据第三段的She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Misnistry Saint Josephs Hospital in Marshfield because she was able
53、to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子)可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A. To take care of her kids easily.(为了方便照
54、顾她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选A项。6. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.(Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B. Her time with family.(她与家人的时光)符合以上说法，故选B项。7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的Thr
55、ough it all, she remind in good academic standing and graduated with honors.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and thats the pretty
56、 powerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励-这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到:努力总会有回报。C. Hard work pays off.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。Passage 2 （(2020全国新高考.C) According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Resear
57、ch, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of so
58、cial influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hire
59、d by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed su
60、it, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the part
61、icipants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when were making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “Ill have what shes having” effect. Howe
62、ver, well adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, Ill hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, Ill follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why cant I?12. What is the recent study mainly about?A. Food safe
63、ty.B. Movie viewership.C. Consumer demand.D. Eating behavior.13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persons.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persons.14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?A. To see how she would affect the participants.B. To
64、 test if the participants could recognize her.C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.D. To study why she could keep her weight down.15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?A. How hungry we are.B. How slim we want to be.C. How we perceive others.D. Ho
65、w we feel about the food.【答案】12. D13. D14. A15. C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。12. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志
66、最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。13. 词义猜测题。根据前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推断出，画线词和heavier pe
67、ople（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people正好相反。故选D。14. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她
68、如何影响参与者。故选A。15. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, Ill hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, Ill follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why cant I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会
69、跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。Passage 3 (2020新课标II卷，B) Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development i
70、n young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents income, education and the amount of parent talk
71、, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed be
72、tter than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income paren
73、ts tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play t
74、han parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.24. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?A. Building confidence.B. Developing spatial skills.C. Learning self-control.D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.25. What did Levine take into consideration when
75、designing her experiment？A. Parents age.B. Childrens imagination.C. Parents education.D. Child-parent relationship.26. How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?A. They play with puzzles more often.B. They tend to talk less during the game.C. They prefer to use more spatial language.D. They are li
76、kely to play with tougher puzzles.27. What is the text mainly about?A. A mathematical method.B. A scientific study.C. A woman psychologistD. A teaching program.【答案】24. B25. C26. D27. B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。24. 细节理解题。根据第二段中found children who play with puzzles between ages 2
77、 and 4 develop better spatial skill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B. Developing spatial skills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。25. 细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for difference in parents income, education and the amount of paren
78、t talk, Levine said.( Levine说，在父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数方面控制差异性之后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C. Parents education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。26. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D. They are likely to play with
79、tougher puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。27. 主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。Passage 4(2020天津卷.B) “They tell me that youd like to make a statue(塑像) of me-is that correct, Miss Vinnie Ream?”The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous g
80、irl. Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter, especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.“Yes, sir,” she replied, her dark eyes meeting his. “I wouldnt have duo ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan to make it in an admirable manner. “President L
81、incoln smiled. “Painters, sculptors-theyve all tried to make the best of this ordinary face, but Im afraid theres not much hope. What did you have in mind, Miss Ream? A bust(半身像)?”Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice.“Of course-I shouldnt have asked.
82、 A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size. “Vinnies face turned red. She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. “Small does not mean weak, sir,” she defended herself. “I was born in the country of Wisconsin. Ive driven teams of horses and carrie
83、d water. Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure would not exhaust my strength-and that is what I intend to do!”The Presidents eyes, brightened at her show of spirit. “Sorry, madam, I have underestimated you as I didnt know your background.”But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers,
84、in thought. “Miss Ream,” he sighed, “Id like to let you do it, but as you know, we are in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now? I hardly have a minute to myself.”Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office. “I work quickly,” she said. Her voi
85、ce was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.”The President seemed to consider her idea seriously. He got up and shook Vinnies hand w
86、armly, “Ive heard that you are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well. I cannot make my decision immediately, but you will hear from me soon.”The very next day, Vinnie received an invitation from the President.41. What gave Vinnie confidence to make her request
87、 of President Lincoln?A. Her aggressive personality.B. Mr. Millss encouraging remark.C. President Lincolns gentle voice.D. Her interest in a challenging job.42. How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnies request?A. Pleased.B. Thrilled.C. Regretful.D. Doubtful.43. Vinnie confirmed her ability
88、 to make a full-length statue by highlighting _.A. her experience from other projectsB. her innocent childhood in the countryC. the heavy labor she had done beforeD. the skill she picked up in Wisconsin44. Vinnie wanted to choose the corner near the windows to _.A. achieve effects of natural lightin
89、gB. keep all her tools within easy reachC. observe the President at a right angleD. avoid disturbing the presidents work45. What message does the story convey?A. A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.B. Experience helps to promote excellence.C. Ups and downs make one strong.D. Devotion requires en
90、thusiasm.【答案】41. B42. D43. C44. D45. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了Vinnie Ream向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。41. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I wouldnt have dared to ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan to make it in an admirable manner. “可知，我本来不敢问你，但我的老师Mi
91、lls先生说我准备好了。我打算用一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事。由此可知，Mills先生的话给了Vinnie向林肯总统提出要求的底气。故选B。42. 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Of course- I shouldnt have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size.”可知，当然-我不应该问的。对于你这种身材的年轻女性来说，全身雕像太大了。由此可推知，林肯总统首先对Vinnie的请求表示怀疑。故选D。43. 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Ive driven te
92、ams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay figure would not exhaust my strength-and this is what I intend to do!”可知，我赶过马队，提过水。做一个全身雕像不会耗尽我的力量-我还正想这样呢！此可知，Vinnie通过强调她以前所做的繁重劳动，证实了她有能力制作一个全身雕像。故选C。44. 推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的“Miss Ream,” he sighed, “Id like to let you do it, but as you know, we
93、 are in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now? I hardly have a minute to myself. “可知，总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像。根据倒数第三段中的“Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office. “I work quickly,” she said. Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to
94、 the corner near the windows. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.”可知，Vinnie环顾四周，注意到了他办公室的大小。“我干得很快，”她说。她指着靠近窗户的那个角落，声音柔和而自信。“如果我把我的粘土带到这里来，每天下午工作三个小时，我就可以在你办公的时候完成大部分的项目。”由此可推知，上文中总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让V
95、innie做雕像，于是Vinnie想选择靠近窗户的角落，是为了避免干扰总统的工作。故选D。45. 推理判断题。根据文章主要记叙了Vinnie Ream向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。由此可推知，这个故事表达了意志坚强的人能达到目标的思想。故选A。Passage 5（2020新课标全国卷，D） According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption ha
96、bits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the
97、 researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her foo
98、d first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they norma
99、lly would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took sign
100、ificantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when were making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “Ill have what shes having” effect. However, well adjust the influence. If a
101、n overweight person is having a large portion, Ill hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, Ill follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why cant I?12. What is the recent study mainly about?A. Food safety.B. Movie viewership.C. Consumer d
102、emand.D. Eating behavior.13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persons.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persons.14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?A. To see how she would affect the participants.B. To test if the participants could reco
103、gnize her.C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.D. To study why she could keep her weight down.15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?A. How hungry we are.B. How slim we want to be.C. How we perceive others.D. How we feel about the food.【答案】12. D13
104、. D14. A15. C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。12. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。
105、因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。13. 词义猜测题。根据前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推断出，画线词和heavier people（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heav
106、ier people正好相反。故选D。14. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。15. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an
107、 overweight person is having a large portion, Ill hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, Ill follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why cant I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们是根据我们对
108、他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。Passage 6（2020全国卷.C） When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didnt cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).Unusual f
109、ashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Lo
110、uisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there cant handle this non-native species(物种).I
111、ts destroying the environment. Its them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for
112、 Louisiana. He says its not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Moutons job these days is trying to promote fur.Then theres Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”T
113、o give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think thats going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally ac
114、ceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?A. To promote guilt-free fur.B. To expand the fashion market.C. To introduce a new brand.D. To celebrate a winter holiday.29.
115、Why are scientists concerned about nutria?A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.B. Nutria are an endangered species.C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.D. Nutria are illegally hunted.30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Boomed.B. Became mature.C. Remain
116、ed stable.D. Crashed.31. What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?A. Its formal.B. Its risky.C. Its harmful.D. Its traditional.【答案】28. A29. A30. D31. B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。28. 推理判断题。根据第二段Unu
117、sual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布
118、鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监Cree McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。29. 推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A
119、。30. 词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词c
120、ollapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。31. 推理判断题。根据第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think thats going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣
121、服是有风险的。故选B。Passage7 (2020.天津卷.D) After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an a
122、verage man who had both. The two belong together.Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names
123、in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”Fortunately, curiosity and discontent dont have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his childs heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking
124、 questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked t
125、hem, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldnt arrange flowers to satisfy he
126、rself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You havent any special ability? Most people dont; there are only a few geniuses. You havent any time? Thats good, because its always
127、 the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Toms Cabin while cooking. Youre too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.However you start, remembe
128、r there is no better time to start than right now, for youll never be more alive than you are at this moment.51. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to _.A. propose a definitionB. make a comparisonC. reach a conclusionD. present an argument52. What does the example of Galileo tell us?A. Trial an
129、d error leads to the finding of truth.B. Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.C. Creativity results from challenging authority.D. Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.53. What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?A. Observe the unknown around you.B. Develop a questioni
130、ng mind.C. Lead a life of adventure.D. Follow the fashion.54. What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?A. Gaining success helps you become an expert.B. The genius tends to get things done creatively.C. Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.D. You should remain modest when approa
131、ching perfection.55. What could be the best tile or the passage?A. Curious Minds Never Feel ContentedB. Reflections on Human NatureC. The Keys to AchievementD. Never Too Late to Learn【答案】51. D52. D53. B54. C55. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素好奇心和不满足。51. 推理判断题。根据第一段内容After years of observing human
132、 nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观
133、察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。52. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”可知，像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。53. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Like Galileo, all the gre
134、at names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”及第四段中的“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his childs heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd.可知，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什
135、么？”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。由此可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。54. 推理判断题。根据第六段中的How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.及第七段中的You havent any special ability? Most people dont; there are only a few geniuses. You havent any time? That
136、s good, because its always the people with no time who get things done.以及列举了Thomas Costain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，Grandma Moses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。故选C。55. 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of gre
137、at achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素好奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项The Keys to Achievement(成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。题组二 名校模拟Pa
138、ssage 1Music icon Bob Dylan will not attend the Nobel ceremony in December because he has other commitments, the Swedish Academy said on Wednesday.The Swedish Academy received a personal letter from Bob Dylan yesterday where he explained that he could not make himself available in December., it said
139、 in a statement.He wishes that he could accept the award personally, but other commitments makeit unfortunately impossible. He underlined that he felt incredibly honored by the Nobel Prize, it added. The Swedish Academy said it respected Dylans decision, but that it was unusual for a Nobel laureate
140、not to come to Stockholm to accept the award in person. Nobel laureates are honored every year on December 10 the death anniversary of the prizes founder Alfred Nobel, a Swedish industrialist, inventor and philanthropist.Several other literature prize winners have skipped the Nobel ceremony in the p
141、ast for various reasons British writer Doris Lessing on grounds of ill health, British playwright Harold Pinter because he was hospitalized and Austrian playwright and novelist Elfriede Jelinek due to social phobia.We look forward to Bob Dylans Nobel lecture, which he must carry out it is the only r
142、equirement within six months starting from December 10, 2016, the academy said.1What does the underlined word it in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.receiving a personal letterB.expressing himself in a statement C.feeling honored by the awardD.accepting the award personally2What is the Swedish Academys attit
143、ude towards Bob Dylans decision? A.supportiveB.oppositeC.indifferentD.tolerant3What is the best title of the passage? A.The Nobel Prize Goes to Music Icon Bob Dylan B.Laureate Bob Dylan Will Be Absent for the Nobel Ceremony C.Bob Dylan a Music Icon Who Won the Nobel Prize D.A Great Anniversary Event
144、 the Nobel Ceremony4According to the passage, which of the following is true? A.Bob Dylan informed the Swedish Academy of his absence by telephone. B.The Nobel ceremony is in memory of the birth of the prizes founder. C.Elfriede skipped the Nobel ceremony because of physical illness. D.According to
145、the Swedish Academy, the deadline of Dylans lecture is June 10, 2017.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了2016年诺贝尔文学奖的获得者Bob Dylan缺席颁奖仪式的故事。1D 【解析】代词指代题。根据第三段的He wishes that he could accept the award personally可推知,此处的it代指的是亲自去领奖。2D 【解析】观点态度题。根据第三段的The Swedish Academy said it respected Dylans decision, but that it was unusu
146、al for a Nobel laureate not to come to Stockholm to accept the award in person.可知,瑞典文学院对Dylan的缺席表示尊重。A项意为支持的,B项意为相反的,C项意为漠不关心,均与文章中瑞典文学院对Dylan缺席领奖的态度不符,故排除。3B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段Music icon Bob Dylan will not attend the Nobel ceremony in December because he has other commitments, the Swedish Academy said
147、 on Wednesday.可推知,本文是一篇新闻报道,主要介绍了2016年诺贝尔文学奖获得者Bob Dylan缺席颁奖仪式的事件。4D 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段We look forward to Bob Dylans Nobel lecture, which he must carry out it is the only requirement within six months starting from December 10, 2016, the academy said.可知，Bob Dylan演讲的最后期限是2017年6月10号。根据第二段的The Swedish Ac
148、ademy received a personal letter from Bob Dylan yesterday可知，Bob Dylan是通过信件来告知瑞典文学院自己将缺席颁奖仪式的，而不是电话；根据第三段的Nobel laureates are honored every year on December 10 the death anniversary of the prizes founder Alfred Nobel可知，诺贝尔奖颁奖仪式的举行日是Alfred Nobel逝世的日子，而不是诞辰；根据第四段的Austrian playwright and novelist Elfrie
149、de Jelinek due to social phobia可知，Elfriede Jelinek缺席是因为社交恐惧症，这是一种精神疾病，而不是身体疾病。Passage 2The game King of Glory, which is produced by Tencent, became the worlds highest grossing game in 2017. However, Tencent, which ranks first in the world for gaming revenue, said in a statement that King of Glory wa
150、s supposed to bring joy . but excessive gaming brings joy to neither players nor their parents.It announced that it would limit the daily time for youngsters to play its popular King of Glory game after parents and schools complained the children had become addicted to playing it. Children younger t
151、han 12 are only allowed to play the game for a maximum of one hour a day, and after 9 p.m., they are banned from logging in to it, said Tencent. Juveniles(青少年) older than 12 are able to play for a maximum of two hours a day. The game system can remind players about the time they have been playing an
152、d young players will be forced to log out when the time is up.Tencent claimed these were the strictest measures in Chinas game industry to prevent addiction and the company expected they would ease parents anxiety.There have been several cases reporting that children had spent too much money as well
153、 as time on King of Glory. Therefore, Tencent added a new function to limit spending of juvenile players. The company also said it had updated its system for parents to monitor children using its games.Since February, parents can receive messages when children log in and spend money on the game afte
154、r they connect childrens game accounts with their mobile phone numbers. Now, parents can connect phones, tablets or computers that their children use to play games, so that they can always keep an eye on the children even if they have several game accounts, Tencent said. It added the measure covered
155、 its 200 games, and about 700, 000 accounts have been connected to parents phone numbers.People have different opinions on Tencents such measures. Though many parents think highly of them, a father of a high school student said he actually was not sure if they would be sufficiently effective. I like
156、 the system that could lock up the devices as children can register many accounts,he said. But children are so clever that they can always think out countermeasures.5What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A.The game rules of King of Glory. B.The target players of King of Glory. C.The new limitatio
157、n of King of Glory. D.The negative effects of King of Glory.6Which measures does Tencent take to reduce childrens addiction to its games? a. Shorten children game time. b. Reform its monitoring system. c. Ban under 12s from playing games. d. Decrease childrens game spending. e. Control childrens gam
158、e account numbers. A.abeB.abdC.bcdD.ade7Whats the fathers attitude towards Tencents measures in the last paragraph? A.Critical.B.Hopeful.C.Doubtful.D.Indifferent.【文章大意】本文为一则新闻报道。在家长和学校抱怨孩子沉迷于玩游戏王者荣耀之后,腾讯公司宣布了中国游戏行业有史以来最严厉的防沉迷措施,如限制儿童和青少年玩王者荣耀的时间等,希望以此缓解家长的焦虑。5C 【解析】考查段落大意。根据第二段内容,尤其是It announced tha
159、t it would limit the daily time for youngsters to play its popular King of Glory game Children younger than 12 are only allowed to play the game for a maximum of one hour a day The game system can remind players about the time they have been playing and young players will be forced to log out when t
160、he time is up可知,该段主要讲的是腾讯公司针对儿童和青少年沉迷于其网络游戏王者荣耀的问题而采取的新措施,即限制儿童和青少年玩王者荣耀的时间，故选C项。6B 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段中的It announced that it would limit the daily time for youngsters to play its popular King of Glory和第四段中的Tencent added a new function to limit spending of juvenile players. The company also said it had
161、 updated its system for parents to monitor children using its games可知,腾讯公司为了防止儿童和青少年沉迷于游戏,采取了限制其游戏时间、花销以及更新游戏监管系统的措施,故选B。7C 【解析】考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的Though many parents think highly of them, a father of a high school student said he actually was not sure if they would be sufficiently effective可知,虽然很多父母高度评
162、价了腾讯公司所采取的措施,但是一位高中生的父亲却表示他不确定这些措施是否真的有效。由此可推知,这位父亲对腾讯公司所采取的措施是持怀疑态度的。Passage 3A futuristic transport system has appeared in Zhuzhou, China. The electric mode of transportation, which features trackless trains, runs on virtual rail lines and is the worlds first smart train.The new Autonomous Rail Ra
163、pid Transit (ART) system first appeared in June 2017. Finally, its best being tested. Reports describe the train as a hybrid(混合物), something between a tram and a bus. Each virtual railway track is dotted and measures 3.75 meters wide. These guide the train which has rubber tires instead of steel whe
164、els.The system has a maximum speed of 70 km/h and can carry up to 300 passengers in its three carriages. The goal is to use the system to improve and speed up public transportation in Zhuzhou. Eventually, the ART system will be expanded to other cities in China. In just 10 minutes, the ART system ca
165、n be charged and ready to go. When fully charged, it can run for more than 25 km and it is reported to have a lifespan of 25 years. Using sensors, the train collects traveling information and, over time, becomes more efficient in identifying pavement on the roads.An additional benefit is that the AR
166、T system is much cheaper to build than an ordinary subway. In China, a subway costs approximately 400 millionyuanto 700 millionyuanper kilometer. In contrast, an electric streetcar(有轨电车) costs 150 millionyuanto 200 millionyuanper kilometer.Believe it or not, conventional automobiles are expected to
167、be canceled. To prevent climate change from worsening, countries are setting extremely ambitious carbon emission goals which, more often than not, include a timeline in which cars and trucks that run on petrol and diesel are to bephased out. Clearly, green technology is the future and thats a good t
168、hing.According to research conducted by WHO, 92 percent of the worlds population lives in places where air pollution exceeds safe limits. By investing in green transportation, such as the ART system, emissions will be reduced, which will prevent climate change from worsening.8What does the author sa
169、y about the trackless train? A.It can be fully charged in short time. B.Its operating mode is very intelligent. C.It has gained wide application worldwide. D.It costs far less than streetcars.9Which word can best replace the underlined phrase phased out? A.bannedB.gatheredC.destroyedD.maintained10Wh
170、at is the passage mainly about? A.The ART system relieves the traffic pressure. B.Smart trains will replace the traditional trains soon. C.Futuristic electric trackless trains were just launched in China. D.Green technology contributes to environmental protection.【文章大意】本文为一则新闻报道,主要介绍了株洲的无轨电车。8B 【解析】
171、考查细节理解。根据第三段中的Using sensors, the train collects traveling information and, over time, becomes more efficient in identifying pavement on the roads可知,这种无轨电车会利用传感器收集沿途信息,而且随着时间的推移,这种无轨电车在鉴定途中的路面状况方面会更高效。由此可知,这种无轨电车的工作模式非常智能。9A 【解析】考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的conventional automobiles are expected to be canceled可知,传统的
172、汽车预计将被淘汰。再结合画线词所在句的意思可知,为了阻止气候变化问题恶化,各国都设定了异常宏大的二氧化碳排放目标,而这些目标中经常包含了依靠汽油和柴油作动力的汽车和卡车将被逐步淘汰的时间表。故画线词与banned含义相近。10C 【解析】考查主旨大意。通读全文,尤其是第一段A futuristic transport system has appeared in Zhuzhou, China. The electric mode of transportation, which features trackless trains, runs on virtual rail lines and
173、is the worlds first smart train可知,本文主要介绍了在中国株洲出现的无轨电车,故C项最能概括文章主旨。Passage 4April 23 marks the 400th anniversary of William Shakespeares death. Organizations in Britain have planned numerous events to honor him.In Stratford-upon-Avon, his birthplace, the tourism organization has a great number of fre
174、e events, including performances of Shakespeares plays, and a dazzling fireworks display. And the BBC is broadcasting a live show from Stratfore-upon-Avon, celebrating Shakespeares widespread influence on the world. In Englands capital, the London Shakespeare Centre and Kings College London are hold
175、ing a series of public performances, exhibitions and activities. It isnt just England that honors the anniversary of the death of this extraordinary writer. In Washington, D. C., the Folger Shakespeare Library, which houses the worlds largest collection of documents relating to William Shakespeare,
176、is displaying a series of exhibitions.Shakespeare is probably the most famous author who ever lived and is considered a genius by most. He wrote around 37 plays and 154 sonnets(十四行诗), and his work has been translated into over one hundred languages! He penned beautiful metaphors(暗喻), serious dramas
177、and amusing tales.Shakespeare also invented many new terms and phrases. If someones behavior suggested they were not being honest and should not be trusted, Shakespeare called their actions suspicious. If someone was being silly and perhaps looking like a fool, Shakespeare found their actions laugha
178、ble. And Shakespeare called people who offered their opinions on the quality of something critics. Today, for instance, food critics and film critics give audiences their opinions of food and film. The familiar phrase break the ice comes from Shakespeares play The Taming of the Shrew. The ice is bro
179、ken when a difficult conversation or meeting is calmed by some basic introduction, such as a simple game. More common words coined by Shakespeare include road, gossip, lonely, bump and hurry.Four hundred years after his death, Shakespeare surely lives on, in everyday speech, as the most famous write
180、r of all time!11. The main idea of the text is _.A. the 400th anniversary of Shakespeares deathB. the influence Shakespeare has on EnglishC. the achievements of William ShakespeareD. Shakespeares colorful and fruitful life12. Shakespeare is honored in the following ways except_.A. a great number of
181、free events in Stratford-upon-AvonB. a series of activities in the London Shakespeare CentreC. a series of exhibitions in the Folger Shakespeare LibraryD. a live show of Shakespeare from Stratford-upon-Avon13. According to the next, a simply game to make a difficult conversation easy is called _.15A
182、. an ice-breakerB. a suspicious manC. a criticD. a laughable man【文章大意】4月23日是威廉莎士比亚逝世第四百周年纪念日。英国的各种组织计划活动来纪念他。11. A【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的句子April 23 marks the 400th anniversary of William Shakespeares death.可知，文章主要介绍4月23日是威廉莎士比亚逝世第四百周年纪念日。故选A。12. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的句子In Stratford-upon-Avon, his birthplace
183、, the tourism organization has a great number of free events,可知，A是对的；根据In Englands capital, the London Shakespeare Centre and Kings College London are holding a series of public performances, exhibitions and activities.可知，B是对的；根据the Folger Shakespeare Library, which houses the worlds largest collect
184、ion of documents relating to William Shakespeare, is displaying a series of exhibitions.可知，C是对的；根据And the BBC is broadcasting a live show from Stratfore-upon-Avon, celebrating Shakespeares widespread influence on the world.可知，D是错的。故选D。13. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的句子The ice is broken when a difficult con
185、versation or meeting is calmed by some basic introduction, such as a simple game.可知，使得困难的对话变得容易的叫作an ice-breaker。故选A。【高分秘籍】1. 寻找主题句:抓住段落或文章主题的捷径之一就是在段落或文章中寻找主题句。主题句是指能表达或概况段落主题或文章主要内容的句子， 通常是一个简洁、完整、具有概况性的句子，较多出现在说明文和议论文中，而其他句子则围绕着主题句展开进行说明解释或扩展。主题句在文中的位置:（1）开门见山：提出主题细节支撑阐明主题（2）段末点睛：细节描述归纳要点概括主题（3）段
186、中点旨：细节描述归纳主题进一步解释（4）无主题句:考生需根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大意 2. 捕捉关键词：略读是概括和归纳文章或段落大意的基本方法。略读时要快，把注意力集中在关键词（即实词）上，非关键词（即虚词）则一带而过。注意出现频率高的词可能是蕴涵中心思想的关键词，分析归纳筛选出最能表达主旨或这这意图 的关键词，继而确定文章的主旨大意。3. 仔细推敲选项：（1）主旨大意题的干扰项的特点有： 以偏概全：只阐述了文章的部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息； 无中生有或似是而非：有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。主题扩大：归纳概括的范围过大，超过文章实际讨论的内容；张冠李戴：命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。在我们不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。（2）主旨大意题的正确选项特征含有抽象名词和概括性词语的选项往往是正确答案；较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的选项一般是答案项。